São Vicente, Cape Verde

São Vicente

Native name: <span class="nickname" ">São Vicente, Son Visent, San Visent, Son Sent or São Sent Nickname: Ilha do Porto Grande (island of Porto Grande)
Geography
Location	Atlantic Ocean
Coordinates	16°51′N 24°58′W / 16.850°N 24.967°W / 16.850; -24.967
Area	227 km2 (88 sq mi)
Length	24 km (14.9 mi)
Width	16 km (9.9 mi)
Highest elevation	725 m (2,379 ft)
Highest point	Monte Verde
Country
Cape Verde
Concelhos (Municipalities)	São Vicente
Largest settlement	Mindelo
Demographics
Population	79,374 (as of 2010)
Density	349.7 /km2 (905.7 /sq mi)

São Vicente (Portuguese for "Saint Vincent"), also Son Visent or Son Sent in Cape Verdean Creole, is one of the Barlavento islands of Cape Verde. It is located between the islands of Santo Antão and Santa Luzia, with the Canal de São Vicente separating it from Santo Antão.

Geography

The island is roughly rectangular in shape with a surface area of ca. 227 km² (88 sq mi). From east to west it measures 24 km (15 mi) and from north to south no more than 16 km (9.9 mi). The terrain includes mountains in the west, the southwest, the south, the east-central and the north. The area is flat in the north-central, the central part, the eastern part south of Calhau and the northern part in the Baía das Gatas area. The urban area of Mindelo is in the northern part. Much of the island is deforested.

Although volcanic in origin, the island is quite flat. Its highest point is Monte Verde (Portuguese for green mountain) located in the northeast-central part with an altitude of 725 metres (2,379 ft). Although a great amount of erosion has taken place, some craters still remain — in particular near the bay of Mindelo. Other mountaintops include Monte Cara and Topona.

Climate

São Vicente enjoys a very rare mild and dry tropical climate (classified as As according to Köppen's and Geiger's systematization), much akin to Santa Cruz de Tenerife or Las Palmas on the Canary Islands with only difference of being somewhat warmer during winter months. The average annual temperature in Mindelo is 23.2 °C (74 °F) which is exactly two degrees more than in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Island is very arid with only 80–130 mm falling annually, somewhat higher only near the tops of the few mountains. These rare climate conditions are due to its position far off the west African coast and because Cape Verde are in the middle of cold Canary Current. The ocean water temperature every year is between 22 °C (72 °F) and 25 °C (77 °F). There are two seasons: December through July is mainly dry, cool and windy, while August through November is a wetter and warmer season.

Geographical features

In clockwise order:

• Ponta de Doca, in the northern part of the island
• Ponta Marigou, north, the northernmost point on the island
• Ponta da Fregata, in the northeastern part of the island
• Praia Grande (meaning large beach), northeast
• Ponta do Calhau, located in the east
• Ponta da Vianna, located in the east
• Ponta de Saragaça, located in the east southeast
• Ponta da Várzea, located in the southeast
• Ponta do Matadouro, located in the south southeast
• Ponta da Calheta Grande, located in the east southeast
• Ponta do Sul, located in the south
• Ponta Araújo, in the south-southwestern part of the island
• Ponta da Ribeira da Caixa, in the southwestern part of the island
• Ribeira Julião tributary

History

São Vicente was discovered on Saint Vincent's Day (January 22) in 1462. Due to its lack of water, the island was initially used only as a cattle pasture by some proprietors of the neighboring island of Santo Antão. The island remained practically uninhabited until the middle of the 19th century. It was only in 1838, when a coal deposit was established in Porto Grande to supply ships on Atlantic routes, that the population started to grow rapidly. Due to the lack of rain and consequent lack of natural resources, the economy of São Vicente is based mainly on commerce and services.

• Postais de São Vicente 1914
• 150 old vintage pictures

Population

The population of São Vicente in the 2010 census was 79,374 of which 5,639 are rural. It is the second most populous island of Cape Verde. The annual population growth is around 1.3% (higher than the state (national) level of 1.2%). 92.6% of the population live in urban areas, higher than the Cape Verde's level of 61.8% and is the highest in all of Cape Verde. Life expectancy is 76 years, higher than some other parts of the world. The birth rate is 2.7% and infant mortality rate is 18 per 1000 live births^[1] (for comparison 103 in DR Congo, 55 in India, 27 in Turkey, 23 in Brazil, 16 in Russia, 4 in Finland).

The majority of the population is young; 66% of the population is under the age of 30, and 8.6% of the population is over the age of 60. The island has 16,000 families, of which there are an average of 3,6 persons per household, lower than Cape Verde's level of 3,9 persons per household. 56% of the families live in houses, the other 30% live in poorly built houses.

About only 11% of the families own automobiles, which is 7.4% of Cape Verde's level.

Economy

The economy of the island was always based almost exclusively on commerce and services. Due to lack of rain, agriculture is at a subsistence level. Fishing has some relevance, but conditions prevent it from being more important, not only for the catch — lobster — but also for the associated industries: conserves, drying and salting of fish, and naval construction.

Porto Grande is the main port of Cape Verde, through which passes much of the country's imports. It has a terminal of containers, silos, and refrigeration units that make handling load overflow possible. There is also a modern seawater desalination plant, which provides water for public consumption and for naval shipyards.

In the industrial sector, the island presents an abundance of manpower, even though unskilled, resulting from the exodus of inhabitants of other islands to São Vicente. About 27% of the employed population is unskilled. Highly qualified employees — company executives, public administrators, and managers and directors — make up less than 2% of employees. It is distinguished, however, by a bigger participation of women in decision-making positions than the national average.

According to the 2010 census, the island of São Vicente has the largest unemployment rate of the country — 14,8% — while the national average is 11%. Unemployment affects women more than men. The industrial park of the island — the Industrial Zone of the Lazareto — concentrates diverse types of manufacturing, essentially due to foreign investment, in the activities of footwear, confections, and fish processing.

In recent years, the National Center of Workmanship of Mindelo supports local craftsmen in the production and commercialization of ceramic parts, articles made of coconut rinds, and necklaces of shells and rocks.

São Vicente has a great tradition in sports; from here many sports have spread to the remaining islands. Windsurfing, for example, relies on the excellent conditions here. The beach of São Pedro is considered one of the best for windsurfing, as shown by the many world-class champions of the sport. Cycling, walking trails and horseback riding are good ways to explore the island. The English influence on the island is still recognizable today in the golf: São Vicente has an excellent 18-hole golf course. For these reasons, tourism has excellent growth potential on São Vicente and in the rest of the Cape Verde archipelago. Travel between the diverse localities of the island is provided by a system of public transportation operated by five private companies: Transcor.SA, Morabeza Transport, Transport Joy, Friendship, Sotral and Automindelo. However, especially for places farthest from the city of the Mindelo, namely Baía das Gatas, Calhau, and São Pedro, van and bus leasing are the usual forms of transportation.

São Vicente has churches, a post office, a few banks, shops (not as many as Praia), a hospital named Baptista de Sousa and squares (praças)

Education

The literacy rate is 85%, and 98.9% among Cape Verdean youth. 54% of the island's population (those aged between 1 and 12 year old) receive education. Here are the schools and classrooms in São Vicente:

• Preschool - 25 daycares, the majority with a particular character, about 2,600 attendees between the ages of 1 and 6
• Primary Schools (1st year to 6th year) - 11,000 students in 225 classrooms with 379 teachers.
• Secondary Education (7th year to 12th year) - 8,000 students in 146 classrooms with 384 professors

Public: Liceu Ludjero Lima

Escola Industrial E Comercial Do Mindelo

Escola Secundária Jorge Barbosa

Escola Secundária José Augusto Pinto

Escola Salesiana

Private: Académica Do Mindelo

Wille

Centro Técnico Do Mindelo

Cooperativa Ensino Técnico Do Mindelo

Cruzeiro

• Post-Secondary Education -

Instituto Superior e Engenharia e Ciências

Universidade do Mindelo

Instituto Superior de Ciências Económicas Empresariais

Instituto Superior de Educação (pólo)

Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde (polo)

Mindelo Escolas Internacional de Artes

Universidade Lusófona

INDP Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas and with it the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory CVOO

CVAO Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory, associated with various universities and the cape verdian meteorological institute.

The Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory CVAO at the north-east of the island

Language

Other than Portuguese which is the primary language, Cape Verdean Creole is mainly spoken by the majority of the population. The São Vicente variant is known as Crioulo de São Vicente (in Portuguese) or Kriol d Sonsent (in Creole).

• Orthographic guidelines for writing São Vicentean Kriol
• Dictionary Crioulo-French

Literature

• A Poética de Sérgio Frusoni - Uma Leitura Antropológica (Mesquitela Lima: Lisboa - 1992: Poeme im Kreol von São Vicente mit portugiesischer Übersetzung)
• Left-dislocation and topicalization in capeverdean creole. (Braga, Maria Luiza: Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania - 1982; Crioulo of São Vicente)
• Textos Crioulos Cabo-Verdianos - Sergio Frusoni (In 'Miscelânea luso-africana' 1975, herausgegeben von Marius F. Valkhoff)

Persons

View of Downtown Mindelo, Baía do Porto Grande and Monte Cara

• Bana
• Bau
• Bela Duarte, a Capeverdean artist
• Carlos Veiga (b. October 21, 1949), a former Prime Minister of Cape Verde
• Cesária Évora, a Capeverdean artist
• Corsino Fortes (1933), a Capeverdean writer
• Dudu Araujo,a Capeverdean Singer
• João Cleofas Martins, a Capeverdean photographer and a humorist
• Luís Ramos Morais, a Capeverdean artist
• Onésimo Silveira, poet, diplomat and a political activist
• Ovídio de Sousa Martins, a Capeverdean poet
• Sergio Frusoni, A Capeverdean poet ()
• Tito Paris (b. 1968)
• Vasco Martins, a Capeverdean composer
• Yolanda Morazzo (b. 1926), a Capeverdean poetess and a fictionalist

Transportation

The island is connected with three major roads:

• Mindelo - São Pedro
• Mindelo - Calhau
• Mindelo - Baia das Gatas

The secondary routes include:

• From Mindelo - Calhau
  • road to Madeira
• From Mindelo - Baia das Gatas
  • road to Monde Verde
  • road to Salamansa

References

• "Sao Vicente". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. 

External links

• Soncent - Li Ke Terra - Beautiful photos of the island and the people from São Vicente
• S. Vicente, Quel País - a description of São Vicente culture (Portuguese)

Coordinates: 16°51′N 24°58′W / 16.850°N 24.967°W / 16.850; -24.967

Wikimedia Commons has media related to São Vicente, Cape Verde.

Islands of Cape Verde Island groups Barlavento Sotavento Islands Boa Vista Brava Fogo Maio Sal Santa Luzia Santiago Santo Antão São Nicolau São Vicente Islets Ilhéu do Baluarte Ilhéu Branco Ilhéu Laje Branca Ilhéu dos Pássaros Ilhéu Rabo de Junco Ilhéu Raso Ilhéu de Sal Rei Ilhéu de Santa Maria Ilhéus Secos Ilhéu de Cima Ilhéu Grande