San Giovanni dei Fiorentini
| San Giovanni dei Fiorentini | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Basic information | |
| Location |
 Rome, Italy |
| Geographic coordinates | Coordinates: 41°53′59″N 12°27′54″E / 41.899697°N 12.465022°E |
| Affiliation | Roman Catholic |
| District | Rione Ponte, Rome |
| Architectural description | |
| Architect(s) | Giacomo della Porta, Carlo Maderno, and Alessandro Galilei |
| Architectural type | Church |
| Architectural style | Baroque |
| Groundbreaking | 1523 |
| Completed | 1734 |
| Specifications | |
San Giovanni dei Fiorentini (Italian for "St. John of the Florentines") is a minor basilica and a titular church in the Ponte rione or district of Rome, central Italy.
Dedicated to St. John the Baptist, the protector of Florence, the new church for the Florentine community in Rome was started in the 16th century and completed in early 18th and is the national church of Florence in Rome. The main façade fronts onto the Via Giulia. This straight street was an urban initiative, carried out in 1508 by the architect Donato Bramante at the instigation of Pope Julius II Della Rovere, which cut through the irregular urban fabric to the Ponte Sant'Angelo, the bridge which crosses over the Tiber River to the Castel Sant'Angelo and St. Peter's Basilica.
History
Julius II's successor, the Florentine Pope Leo X de Medici initiated the architectural competition for a new church in 1518 on the site of the old church of San Pantaleo. Designs were put forward by architects such as Baldassare Peruzzi, Jacopo Sansovino, Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and the painter and architect Raphael. The dominant initial ideas were for a centralised church arrangement.[1]
Sansovino won the competition but the building construction was subsequently executed by Sangallo and Giacomo della Porta.[2]
In 1559, Michelangelo was asked by Cosimo I de Medici, Duke of Tuscany, to prepare designs for the church and he presented a centralised church arrangement but this was not adopted.[3]
The main construction of the church was carried out between 1583-1602 under the architect Giacomo della Porta based on the Latin cross arrangement. Carlo Maderno took over from 1602-1620 and directed construction of the dome and the main body of the church completed. However, the main façade, based on a design by Alessandro Galilei was not finished until 1734.[4]
In 1623-24 Giovanni Lanfranco produced paintings for the Sacchetti chapel.[5]
In 1634, the Roman Baroque painter and architect, Pietro da Cortona, was asked by the Florentine nobleman Orazio Falconieri to design the high altar.[6] Drawings for the altar and its setting and a model were prepared but the project was not carried out. Cortona's ideas for the choir included windows hidden from the view of the congregation that would illuminate the altarpiece, an early example of the Baroque usage of a "hidden light" source, a concept which would be much employed by Bernini. Some twenty to thirty years later, Falconieri resurrected the choir project but gave the commission to the Baroque architect, Francesco Borromini who changed the design to allow for the burial of Orazio's brother Cardinal Lelio Falconieri. After Borromini died in 1667, the work was completed and partly modified by Cortona and on his death in 1669, by Ciro Ferri, Cortona’s pupil and associate.[7]
Description
The choir is the family chapel of the Falconieri family and houses a number of Baroque sculptures. The relief on the High Altar portrays the Baptism of Christ by Antonio Raggi. The large altar, made of French red marble and Cottanello marble, is surmounted the figures of Justice by Michel Anguier and Fortitude by Leonardo Reti. To either side are tombs of the Falconieri family, enriched with stucco and marble portraits of family members in polychrome medallions supported by putti. Statues include 'Faith' by Ercole Ferrata and Charity by Domenico Guidi. The neoclassical tomb of Alexander and Marianna Falconieri Lante is by Paolo Benaglia.
To the left of the choir is the Cappella del Crocefisso (the Sacchetti family Chapel), which has wall and vault frescoes by Giovanni Lanfranco and a bronze crucifix created by Paul Sanquirico and made by Prospero Antichi. The left transept accommodates commemorative busts of Antonio Barberini, after Bernini, and of Pietro Francesco De Rossi.
On the pillars of the nave are monuments to Francesca Riccardi Calderini Pecori by Antonio Raggi of circa 1655, to Alessandro Gregorio Capponi, designed by Ferdinando Fuga and sculpted in 1746 by Michelangelo Slodtz, a monument to Girolamo Samminiati by Filippo della Valle of 1733, and the bust of Clement XII Corsini.
Leading from the church to the sacristy are various artifacts; a statue of a young Saint John the Baptist, traditionally attributed to Donatello and then to Michelangelo; busts of Antonio Coppola (either Pietro or Gian Lorenzo Bernini) and Antonio Cepparelli by the younger Bernini and Pier Cambi by Pompeo Ferrucci, the relief with the Virgin, St. Anne and the Infant by Pierino da Vinci, a bronze cross by Antonio Raggi, the silver, bronze, and gold shrine putatively hosting the foot of Santa Maria Maddalena from the workshop of Benvenuto Cellini, and large silver monstrance by Luigi Valadier.
Burials
Francesco Borromini is buried under the dome.[8]
References
- ↑ Heydenreich, L.; Lotz, W. (1974). "Architecture in Italy 1400-1600". Pelican History of Art. p. 195-196.
- ↑ "Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
- ↑ Heydenreich & Lotz, 1974, p. 257
- ↑ Guide Rionali di Roma , Rione V, Ponte, Parte IV, 1975, p.16 (in Italian)
- ↑ "Giovanni Lanfranco". Matthiesen Gallery. Archived from the original on May 15, 2006. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
- ↑ Blunt, Anthony. Guide to Baroque Rome, Granada, 1982, p.51; Merz, Jorg Martin. Pietro da Cortona and Roman Baroque Architecture, Yale, 2008, pp 87-91
- ↑ Merz, J.M. 2008,p 90-91
- ↑ "San Giovanni dei Fiorentini". Rome Sights. Fodor's. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Church of San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini. |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|