Santa Fe Depot (San Diego)

Santa Fe Depot
Location 1050 Kettner Boulevard
San Diego, CA 92101
United States
Coordinates 32°43′00″N 117°10′10″W / 32.71667°N 117.16944°W / 32.71667; -117.16944Coordinates: 32°43′00″N 117°10′10″W / 32.71667°N 117.16944°W / 32.71667; -117.16944
Owned by Catellus Development Corporation
Platforms 2 side platforms, 1 island platform (Amtrak/COASTER)
2 side platforms (Trolley)
Tracks 4 (Amtrak/COASTER), 2 (Trolley)
Connections MTS Bus Routes 2, 83, 210, 923, 992[1]
Construction
Parking Metered Parking
Disabled access Yes
Other information
Station code SAN
Fare zone 3 (COASTER)
History
Opened March 7, 1915[2]
Rebuilt October 2012 (Trolley platforms)
Traffic
Passengers (2013) 686,953[3] Decrease 3.1% (Amtrak)
Services
Preceding station   Amtrak   Following station
Pacific SurflinerTerminus
(limited service)
North County Transit District
COASTERTerminus
San Diego Trolley
Green Line
TerminusOrange Line
  Future services  
Blue Line
toward University Towne Center
  Former services  
Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe
Linda Vista
toward Los Angeles
Surf LineTerminus
Santa Fe Depot
Location 1050 Kettner St., San Diego, California
Area 4.6 acres (1.9 ha)
Built 1915
Architectural style Mission/spanish Revival
NRHP Reference # 72000248[4]
SDHL # 56
Significant dates
Added to NRHP June 26, 1972
Designated SDHL February 4, 1972[5]
Location
Santa Fe Depot
Location within San Diego

The Santa Fe Depot in San Diego, California is a union station built by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to replace the small Victorian-style structure erected in 1887 for the California Southern Railroad Company. The Spanish Colonial Revival style station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Its architecture, particularly the signature twin domes, is often echoed in the design of modern buildings in Downtown San Diego. A wing now houses the downtown branch of the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego.

The Santa Fe Depot (as it was originally designated) officially opened on March 8, 1915, to accommodate visitors to the Panama-California Exposition.[6] The depot was completed during a particularly optimistic period in the City's development, and represents the battle waged by the City of San Diego to become the West Coast terminus of the Santa Fe Railway system’s transcontinental railroad, a fight that was ultimately lost to the City of Los Angeles.

In its heyday, the facility not only handled Santa Fe traffic but also that of the San Diego and Arizona Railway (SD&A) and San Diego Electric Railway (SDERy). The designation was officially changed to "San Diego Union Station" in response to the SD&A's completion of its own transcontinental line in December 1919. The Santa Fe resumed solo operation of the station in January, 1951 when the San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway (successor to the SD&A) discontinued passenger service, the SDERy having ceased operation some two years prior.

The historic depot is located in Centre City (Downtown San Diego) and is still an active transportation center, providing services to Amtrak, the San Diego Coaster, the San Diego Trolley, and the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System bus system. Of the 74 California stations served by Amtrak in Fiscal Year 2013, the Santa Fe Depot was the 3rd-busiest in California and the 13th-busiest in the Amtrak system, boarding or detraining an average of approximately 1,880 passengers daily.[3]

Architecture

Union Station from Broadway, San Diego, California

The magnificent complex was designed by San Francisco architects Bakewell and Brown as a "monumental reminder" of California's Spanish heritage. The Mission Revival styling reflects the colonial Spanish history of the state, and was intended to harmonize with the Spanish Colonial Revival Style buildings of the Panama-California Exposition.[7] The size and grandeur far surpassed anything the Santa Fe had ever built in the West. The new edifice featured a covered concourse some 650-foot (200 m) long by 106-foot (32 m) wide, with a main waiting room measuring 170-foot (52 m) by 55-foot (17 m). A 27-foot (8.2 m) by 650-foot (200 m) long arcade connected the passenger terminal with the baggage and express rooms.[8] The cost of the station was approximately $300,000.[6] An enlarged bus depot was installed in the southeast portico in 1942.[9]

The massive arch of the front entrance is flanked by twin campaniles, each topped by a colorful tile-covered dome and displaying Santa Fe's blue "cross" emblem on all four sides. The structure draws much more heavily from the architecturally distinctive Spanish, Moorish, and Mexican lines exhibited by the Mission San Luís Rey de Francia (located in the town of Oceanside in north San Diego County) than it does from the nearby Mission San Diego de Alcalá, some nine miles (14 km) away. The grand interior space of the depot features natural redwood beam ceilings, highlighted by walls covered with a brightly colored ceramic tile wainscot. The glazed faience tile used in the wainscot was manufactured by the California China Products Company of nearby National City. Elaborate Hispano-Moorish designs are executed in green, yellow, blue, white, and black and the bottom and top edges are finished with a frieze of stylized ziggurats.[6]

History

Background

On June 20, 1879, the Santa Fe Railway received a land grant from the Mexican government that allowed them to extend their reach through the valley of Sonora through to the coastal town of Guaymas on the Gulf of California.[10] The Sonora Railway (an operating subsidiary) allowed the Santa Fe to effectively compete with the Southern Pacific Railroad for business on the West Coast of the United States. Traffic on the line, however, was light, and Santa Fe pushed further westward in search of a suitable Pacific terminus. Since 1845, the citizens of San Diego (then essentially a sleepy fishing village) had attempted to establish a direct rail link to the east without success.[11] The Texas and Pacific Railway Company (known as the T&P) was created by federal charter in 1871 with the purpose of building a southern transcontinental railroad between Marshall, Texas, and San Diego. The T&P had a significant foothold in Texas by the mid-1880s but construction difficulties delayed westward progress until American financier Jay Gould acquired an interest in the railroad in 1879. The T&P never reached San Diego but instead met the Southern Pacific at Sierra Blanca, Texas, in 1881.

A map of "The Santa Fé Route" and subsidiary lines as published in an 1891 issue of the Grain Dealers and Shippers Gazetteer

In the wake of this setback, the Santa Fe was approached by the Citizens Railroad Committee of San Diego, who had formed a syndicate for the purpose of building a rail line to connect with the A&P in eastern California. Santa Fe provided financial assistance to the group, which also founded the California Southern Railroad Company (CSRR) on October 23, 1880.[12] A roundhouse, workshops, and classification yards were built in National City, a suburb of San Diego. A wharf was also constructed to accommodate ship traffic. Initial plans were made to construct 18 miles (29 km) of main line track extending north from the new complex. As of January 12, 1882, the California Southern commenced regular passenger and freight service between its National City terminus and Fallbrook Junction, just north of Oceanside.[13]

Tracklaying continued and proceeded steadily northward until August 14, 1882, when a connection was made with the Southern Pacific's line in Colton. The California Southern's attempts to cross over the SP tracks a year later led to a frog war that ended on August 11, 1883, with a court order in the CSRR's favor. A track extension to San Bernardino was completed and the first regular passenger train arrived on September 13.[14] The line became part of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad's transcontinental rail line in 1885 via an extension of the California Southern from Colton north over the Cajon Pass to Barstow. Santa Fe completed the "Surf Line" run between Los Angeles and San Diego under the auspices of its subsidiary, the Southern California Railway (a different subsidiary from the California Southern), on August 12, 1888.[15] The route was initially referred to as the Los Angeles—San Diego "Short Line" as it replaced the circuitous inland route through Temecula Canyon.

California Southern's San Diego passenger terminal as it appeared toward the end of the 19th century. An early predecessor of the San Diegan is waiting to depart.

A real estate boom in the spring of 1887 brought thousands of people to Southern California, many of them traveling on "The Santa Fé Route" to San Diego. The California Southern constructed a new Victorian-style depot to handle the throngs of people coming to the Southland.[16] The structure sported dark red paint with dark green trim.[17] Recurring washouts in the Temecula Canyon, however, often disrupted service; in response, the Santa Fe began construction of its 126-mile (203 km)-long "Surf Line" between Los Angeles' La Grande Station and the National City depot. From 1886 to 1888, the Riverside, Santa Ana and Los Angeles Railway built a branch line from Highgrove southwest via Riverside, to Santa Ana and from Orange northwest to Los Angeles. Also in 1888, the San Bernardino and San Diego Railway completed its line from Oceanside north to Santa Ana, completing what was originally called the "Los Angeles-San Diego Short Line." The inland route was finally abandoned in 1891, leaving the newer, coastal route as the only line to San Diego from the north.

It was generally felt that with the completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, San Diego would logically become the principal port of call for the Atlantic-Pacific sea trade. To that end, the City decided to stage an international exposition in celebration of the opening of the Canal, and to tout San Diego as the first U.S. port for ships traveling north after passing through the facility. But San Diego, even with its natural landlocked harbor, was 100 miles (161 km) farther south than Los Angeles, which translated into an additional day of travel for both freight and passenger trains; in order for Santa Fe to compete with the Southern Pacific Railroad, the company needed a port closer to its rival's transcontinental terminus. Santa Fe transferred most of its engine terminal yard to San Bernardino in 1887, then established an interim port facility in Redondo Beach the following year. But when the railroad relocated its port operations to San Pedro's newly dredged, manmade harbor in 1911, it effectively ended San Diego's hopes to become the West Coast's southernmost commercial port.[18]

Santa Fe Depot

Though the elegant California Southern depot had served San Diego for nearly three decades, the station was not adequate to handle the expected flood of visitors through the "Silver Gate" in 1915. In fact, the Santa Fe had considered replacing the aging "D" Street station with a larger, more modern edifice.[19] Plans were drawn up for a new station complex in the Mission Revival Style, befitting the upcoming Exposition. The large, graceful palm trees that graced the old depot were boxed and stored for re-planting alongside the new building. Construction began on a site just east of the existing structure on January 15, 1914, and was completed on December 31, at a total cost of $300,000. A Fred Harvey Company lunch counter and dining room were incorporated into the floor plan. The old wooden structure was razed during the few days before the opening; the clock tower was ceremonially toppled on March 7, 1915.

The facility opened for business on March 8.[8] Oliver J. Stough, the last surviving veteran of the Mexican-American War, was given the honor of purchasing the first ticket.[20] At the outset, the Santa Fe had three daily local trains and one express train running between Los Angeles and San Diego. During the exposition nine scheduled trains ran on during the week (eight only made stops at Fullerton and Santa Ana, while the ninth was a local that stopped at all of the "Surf Line" stations). Twelve trains operated on weekends, many running in multiple sections. Four helper locomotives were assigned to the Sorrento Grade to help trains over the hill for the duration of the Exposition.

  1. ^ Duke 1995, p. 273
central station, union station, San Diego Downtown, Spanish mission design
Inner architecture of Santa Fe

John D. Spreckels' San Diego Electric Railway (SDERy) made regular stops at the station since its opening, and continued to do so until April 24, 1949, when San Diego adopted an all-bus transit system.[21] Spreckels' other rail-related concern, the San Diego and Arizona Railway (built in part to provide San Diego with a direct transcontinental rail link to the east by connecting with the Southern Pacific Railroad lines in El Centro) was invited to make use of the facility. The first SD&A passenger train arrived in downtown on December 1, 1919.[22] In 1936 the Santa Fe ordered a six-car trainset from the Budd Company specifically for the initiation of a new, streamlined named train between the LAUPT and San Diego. On March 27, 1938, the company inaugurated the San Diegan route, operating on a two hour and 30 minute schedule. A second San Diegan consist entered service on June 8, 1941, doubling the schedule to four daily round trips.[23] Freight service consisted of one scheduled overnight train per day, though extras were run as required (sometimes numbering as many as 10–12 per day). The United States' entry into World War II saw a significant increase in rail traffic to and from San Diego, both in the form of troop movements and transport of military vehicles and supplies.[24]

The San Diegan, pulled by a pair of back-to-back ALCO PA units, reaches the end of the line at San Diego's Union Station on October 26, 1963.

While freight shipments dropped precipitously after the War, passenger demand remained high, and traffic on the "Surf Line" ran second only to the Pennsylvania Railroad's New York–Philadelphia corridor.[25] Passenger service on the San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway (a successor to the SD&A) ended on January 11, 1951, due to years of continued declining patronage.[26] The front portico was removed in September 1954 to allow for the construction of a parking lot.[27]

On May 1, 1971, Amtrak took over operation of the San Diegan line, which operated its route between Santa Fe Depot and Union Station in Los Angeles. Train transets usually ran with no cabcar in the days before Amtrak took over the operation of the San Diegan. To make this work, Santa Fe trains backed up, and turned the trains around at the Washington Street Wye, just about 3 miles north of the station. The wye today, is not used by Amtrak Pacific Surfliner trains, due to the trains having an engine at the Southbound end, and a use of a cabcar at the Northbound end. Amtrak only uses the wye for switching private cars around, so that they can be parked, another five miles north, in the Morena District. Though the San Diegan name was retired on June 1, 2000, after more than sixty years of service, the Pacific Surfliner (which runs between San Diego and San Luis Obispo) still makes multiple daily visits.

In 1972 Santa Fe proposed to demolish the station and replace it with two 12-story buildings. After protests from the Save Our Heritage Organization, the city's Historical Review Board, and Mayor Pete Wilson, Amtrak agreed to preserve the station if the city would redevelop the surrounding neighborhood.[28]

Current services

Today, a variety of bus, light rail, and commuter rail services call the station "home." The structure has retained most of its original features, including the large blue-and-white "Santa Fe" sign (which was added in the mid-1950s as a nod to its heritage) and the original, hundred-year-old oak benches.[28]

San Diego Trolley

The San Diego Trolley, a modern light rail version of the San Diego Electric Railway Association (SDERy) streetcar service, commenced operations on July 26, 1981, with its northern terminus at the station. Relocation of the Santa Fe mainline between the depot and Old Town San Diego in 1991 allowed for an extension of the Trolley to Mission Valley. The Trolley has continued to expand since that time.

The Trolley portion of the Depot was renovated from early May[29] until October 2012,[30] as part of the Trolley Renewal Project.[31]

Before September 2012, Santa Fe Depot was served by the Trolley's Blue Line only. On September 12, 2012,[32] the Blue Line's terminus was shortened to the America Plaza station[33] directly adjacent to Santa Fe Depot, while the Orange Line's terminus was rerouted to this station, and the Green Line's terminus was extended to 12th & Imperial Transit Center[33] thus allowing the Green Line to also serve Santa Fe Depot for the first time.[32][33]

Commuter, intercity and freight rail

Commuter rail at the station is provided by the Coaster commuter rail line, which began weekday service on February 27, 1995. The Santa Fe Depot serves as the Coaster's southern terminus.

Current intercity rail service began on June 1, 2000 with the inauguration Amtrak's Pacific Surfliner, which serves San Diego, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo; the Pacific Surfliner replaced Amtrak's San Diegan. Amtrak's passenger figures have shown a decline in boardings and detrainings at Santa Fe Depot over the last two years. In Fiscal Year 2011, there were 753,739 boardings and detrainings at Santa Fe Depot;[34] in Fiscal Year 2012, boardings and detrainings at the station declined to 708,934 (a 5.94% decrease over FY2011).[35] As of Fiscal Year 2013, the Amtrak ridership figure further declined, to 686,953 boardings and detrainings, a 3.10% decline over FY2012.[3] (There has been a corresponding increase in Amtrak boardings at the Old Town Transit Center in San Diego over this same period, possibly indicating that some Amtrak boardings have been relocating from Santa Fe Depot to Old Town over the past two years.) Of the 74 California stations served by Amtrak in Fiscal Year 2013, the Santa Fe Depot was the 3rd-busiest in California and the 13th-busiest in the Amtrak system, boarding or detraining an average of approximately 1,880 passengers daily.[3]

Daily freight trains, operated by BNSF, run through the station often at night (usually 4 trains or more during the late hours) due to less commuter traffic at that time. The yard for the freight trains is approximately a few miles more south, near Petco Park and adjacent to the 12th & Imperial Transit Center.

Platforms and tracks

Trolley Northbound[33] ■ Green Line toward Santee Town Center (County Center / Little Italy)
Trolley SB/EB ■ Green Line toward 12th & Imperial Transit Center (Seaport Village)
■ Orange Line toward El Cajon Transit Center (America Plaza)
Amtrak/Coaster platforms ■ Pacific Surfliner toward San Luis Obispo (San Diego-Old Town or Solana Beach)
■ Coaster toward Oceanside Transit Center (Old Town-San Diego)

Future service

California High-Speed Rail

The station was earlier studied as the possible southern terminus for the planned California High-Speed Rail system. Upon completion, passengers will be able to get to Los Angeles Union Station in 1 hour and 18 minutes. However, subsequent revisions to the proposal have settled on a new southern terminus, a proposed Lindbergh Field intermodal transit center (ITC) to be built at Washington Street and Pacific Highway by 2035, as extending the high-speed rail line into downtown San Diego was likely to prove problematic.[36]

Historic designations

See also

References

Inline citations

  1. ↑ "Take Transit to Points of Interest". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). Retrieved 2013-12-11.
  2. ↑ Showley, Roger (March 3, 2015). "Santa Fe Depot at 100: Tiles, tourists and skyscrapers". U-T San Diego. Retrieved 2015-03-06.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2013 - State of California" (pdf). Amtrak. November 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-11.
  4. ↑ Staff (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  5. ↑ "Historical Landmarks Designated by the San Diego Historical Resources Board" (pdf). City of San Diego.
  6. 1 2 3 Great American Stations. Accessed 2013-02-19.
  7. ↑ Weitze, p. 85
  8. 1 2 Duke 1995, p. 245
  9. ↑ Jordan (2Q 1996), p. 24
  10. ↑ Duke 1995, p. 14
  11. ↑ Duke 1995, p. 239
  12. ↑ Serpico, p. 18
  13. ↑ California Southern Railway History
  14. ↑ Serpico, p. 20
  15. ↑ Duke and Kistler, p. 43
  16. ↑ Gustafson and Serpico, p. 208
  17. ↑ Hendrickson, p. 46
  18. ↑ Serpico, p. 45
  19. ↑ Gustafson and Serpico, p. 19
  20. ↑ Hendrickson, p. 47
  21. ↑ Dodge, p. 113
  22. ↑ Hanft, p. 80
  23. ↑ Duke 1995, p. 247
  24. ↑ Jordan (2004), p. 69
  25. ↑ Jordan (4Q 1996), p. 12
  26. ↑ Hanft, p. 125
  27. ↑ Gustafson and Serpico, p. 209
  28. 1 2 Showley, Roger (March 3, 2015). "Once nearly razed, Santa Fe Depot turns 100". U-T San Diego. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
  29. ↑ "Construction Alert Upcoming Trolley Station and Road Closures" (pdf). San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. May 4, 2012. Retrieved 2014-12-29.
  30. ↑ "Construction Advisory Trolley Station Closures & Detours September 2012 through March 2013" (pdf). San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. September 26, 2012. Retrieved 2013-12-29.
  31. ↑ "Trolley Renewal Project". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-29.
  32. 1 2 "September 2, 2012 Service Changes. Major Bus and Trolley Service Changes". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. 2012. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  33. 1 2 3 4 "Santa Fe Transit Center - America Plaza • Santa Fe Depot" (pdf). San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. 2012. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  34. ↑ "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2011 - State of California" (pdf). Amtrak. December 2011. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  35. ↑ "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2012 - State of California" (pdf). Amtrak. November 2012. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  36. ↑ "Los Angeles to San Diego via the Inland Empire Section High-Speed Train Project Open House Meetings 2011" (pdf). California High-Speed Rail Authority. 2011. Retrieved 2013-12-11.

Bibliography

  • "California Southern Railway History". California State Railroad Museum. Retrieved 2006-05-21. 
  • Dodge, Richard V. (1960). Rails of the Silver Gate. Pacific Railroad Publications Inc., San Marino, CA. ISBN 0-87095-019-3. 
  • Duke, Donald and Stan Kistler (1963). Santa Fe...Steel Rails through California. Golden West Books, San Marino, CA. 
  • Duke, Donald (1995). Santa Fe...The Railroad Gateway to the American West 1. San Marino, CA: Golden West Books. ISBN 0-8709-5110-6. OCLC 32745686. 
  • Gustafson, Lee and Phil Serpico (1992). Santa Fe Coast Lines Depots: Los Angeles Division. Omni Publications, Palmdale, CA. ISBN 0-88418-003-4. 
  • Hanft, Robert M. (1984). San Diego & Arizona: The Impossible Railroad. Trans-Anglo Books, Glendale, CA. ISBN 0-87046-071-4. 
  • Hendrickson, Nancy (2003). San Diego: Then and Now. Thunder Bay Press, San Diego, CA. ISBN 1-59223-126-8. 
  • Jordan, Keith. (2004). "Santa Fe's Surf Line, 1940." Trains 64 (8) 64-69.
  • Jordan, Keith. (1996). "The Surf Line 1940-1950." The Warbonnet 2 (2) 4-24.
  • Jordan, Keith. (1996). "The Surf Line Part II: 1950-1965." The Warbonnet 2 (4) 11-24.
  • Serpico, Philip C. (1988). Santa Fé: Route to the Pacific. Omni Publications, Palmdale, CA. ISBN 0-88418-000-X. 
  • Weitze, K. (1984). California's Mission Revival. Hennessy & Ingalls, Inc., Los Angeles, CA. ISBN 0-912158-89-1. 

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