Salamandridae

Salamandridae
True salamanders and newts
Notophthalmus viridescens from North America
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Caudata
Suborder: Salamandroidea
Family: Salamandridae
Goldfuss, 1820
Genera

  Calotriton
  Chioglossa
  Cynops
  Echinotriton
  Euproctus
  Lissotriton
  Lyciasalamandra
  Mertensiella
  Mesotriton
  Neurergus
  Notophthalmus
  Ommatotriton
  Pachytriton
  Paramesotriton
  Pleurodeles
  Salamandra
  Salamandrina
  Taricha
  Triturus
  Tylototriton

Salamandridae is a family of salamanders consisting of true salamanders and newts. Currently, 74 species (with more expected) have been identified in the Northern Hemisphere - Europe, Asia, the northern tip of Africa, and North America. Salamandrids are distinguished from other salamanders by the lack of rib or costal grooves along the sides of their bodies and by their rough skin.

With a few exceptions, salamandrids have patterns of bright and contrasting colours. They have four well-developed limbs, with four toes on the fore limbs, and (in most cases) five toes on the hind limbs. They vary from 7 to 30 cm (3 to 12 in) in length.[1]

The alpine salamander and Lanza's alpine salamander give birth to live young, without a tadpole stage, but the other species lay their eggs in water. Some newts are neotenic, being able to reproduce before they are fully metamorphosed.[1]

Phylogeny

Cladograms based on the work of Pyron and Wiens (2011)[2] and modified using Mikko Haaramo [3]
Salamandrininae

†Archaeotriton basalticus

Salamandrina
Salamandrinae
Chioglossini

†Mertensiella caucasica

Chioglossa lusitanica



Salamandrini

†Megalotriton filholi

Lyciasalamandra

Salamandra




Pleurodelinae

†Carpathotriton


Pleurodelini

†Brachycormus noachicus

†Chelotriton

†Palaeopleurodeles hauffi

Pleurodeles

Echinotriton

Tylototriton




Molgini
Tarichina

Notophthalmus

Taricha



Molgina

†Koalliella genzeli

†Oligosemia spinosa

Lissotriton



Neurergus

Ommatotriton

Calotriton

Triturus

Euproctus

Ichthyosaura alpestris


Cynopita

†Procynops miocenicus

Laotriton laoensis

Pachytriton

Cynops

Paramesotriton













Taxonomy

The genera Chioglossa, Lyciasalamandra, Mertensiella, and Salamandra are grouped in the subfamily Salamandrinae, the rest are in Pleurodelinae.[4] Those with a more thoroughly aquatic lifestyle are referred to as "newts", but this is not a formal taxonomic description.

Family SALAMANDRIDAE

Notes

  1. 1 2 Lanza, B., Vanni, S., & Nistri, A. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G., ed. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
  2. ↑ Pyron, R.A.; Weins, J.J. (2011). "A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of advanced frogs, salamanders, and caecilians" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61 (2): 543–853. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012. PMID 21723399.
  3. ↑ Haaramo, Mikko (2011). "Caudata – salamanders". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive.
  4. ↑ http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/references.php?id=27224

External links

Data related to Salamandridae at Wikispecies Media related to Salamandridae at Wikimedia Commons

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