STS-51-A

STS-51-A

Mission Specialist Dale Gardner holds up a "For Sale" sign, referring to the malfunctioning Palapa B2 and Westar 6 satellites.
Mission type Satellite deployment
Satellite retrieval
Operator NASA
COSPAR ID 1984-113A
SATCAT № 15382
Mission duration 7 days, 23 hours, 44 minutes, 56 seconds
Distance travelled 5,293,786 kilometers (3,289,406 mi)
Orbits completed 127
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft Space Shuttle Discovery
Launch mass 119,442 kilograms (263,324 lb)
Landing mass 94,123 kilograms (207,505 lb)
Payload mass 17,375 kilograms (38,305 lb)
Crew
Crew size 5
Members Frederick Hauck
David M. Walker
Joseph P. Allen
Anna Lee Fisher
Dale Gardner
EVAs 2
EVA duration 11 hours, 42 minutes
First: 6 hours, 0 minutes
Second: 5 hours, 42 minutes
Start of mission
Launch date November 8, 1984, 12:15:00 (1984-11-08UTC12:15Z) UTC
Launch site Kennedy LC-39A
End of mission
Landing date November 16, 1984, 11:59:56 (1984-11-16UTC11:59:57Z) UTC
Landing site Kennedy SLF Runway 15
Orbital parameters
Reference system Geocentric
Regime Low Earth
Perigee 332 kilometers (179 nmi)
Apogee 354 kilometers (191 nmi)
Inclination 28.4 degrees
Period 90.4 minutes
Epoch November 10, 1984[1]


L-R: Gardner, Walker, Fisher, Hauck, Allen

Space Shuttle program
← STS-41-G STS-51-C →

STS-51-A was the 14th flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the second flight of Space Shuttle Discovery. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center on November 8, 1984, and landed just under eight days later on November 16.

STS-51-A marked the first time a shuttle deployed two communications satellites, and retrieved from orbit two other communications satellites. The Canadian Anik D2 and Syncom IV-1 satellites were both successfully deployed by the crew of Discovery. Palapa B2 and Westar 6, meanwhile, had been deployed during the STS-41-B mission earlier in the year, but had been placed into improper orbits due to the malfunctioning of their kick motors; they were both safely recovered and returned to Earth during STS-51-A.

Crew

Position Astronaut
Commander Frederick H. Hauck
Second spaceflight
Pilot David M. Walker
First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1 Joseph P. Allen, IV
Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 2 Anna L. Fisher
Only spaceflight
Mission Specialist 3 Dale A. Gardner
Second spaceflight

Spacewalks

Crew seating arrangements

Seat[2] Launch Landing
Seats 1–4 are on the Flight Deck. Seats 5–7 are on the Middeck.
S1 Hauck Hauck
S2 Walker Walker
S3 Allen Gardner
S4 Fisher Fisher
S5 Gardner Allen

Mission summary

STS-51-A was launched from Florida's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) at 7:15 am EST, November 8, 1984, less than a month after the STS-41-G flight. A launch attempt the day before was scrubbed at T-minus 20 minutes due to high shear winds in the upper atmosphere.

The five-person flight crew consisted of Frederick H. Hauck, commander, on his second flight; pilot David M. Walker; and three mission specialists – Anna L. Fisher, Dale A. Gardner and Joseph P. Allen. Both Gardner and Allen were making their second shuttle flights.

The two communications satellites successfully deployed were Anik D2 (on the second day of the mission) and Syncom IV-1, also known as Leasat 1 (on the third day).

The orbiter then began a series of maneuvers to meet up with the first of the two satellites to be recovered, Palapa B2. The orbits of both satellites had been lowered by ground commands from about 600 miles (970 km) to 210 miles (340 km) to facilitate recovery operations. On day five of the mission, Discovery rendezvoused with Palapa. Mission specialists Allen and Gardner performed an EVA, capturing the satellite with a device known as a "Stinger," which was inserted into the satellite's apogee motor nozzle by Allen. The satellite's rotation was slowed to 1 RPM, and Gardner, operating from a position on the end of the RMS, attempted unsuccessfully to grapple the satellite. Allen was able to manually maneuver the satellite into its cradle with Gardner's help, further aided by the RMS, which was operated by Fisher. The successful, improvised rescue effort took two hours.

The recovery of Westar 6 was not as difficult, and took place a day later. This time, Gardner, using the same muscle-power technique Allen had used for Palapa B2's rescue, easily captured the satellite. With Allen's help, he placed it in a cradle in the cargo bay. Following Westar 6's recovery, Gardner humorously held up a "For Sale" sign, as if trying to find someone to sell the malfunctioning satellites to. The Westar satellite was indeed later sold to Hong Kong-based AsiaSat.

The STS-51-A mission also carried the Diffused Mixing of Organic Solutions (DMOS) experiment. It was the first of a series of comprehensive organic and polymer science experiments sponsored by 3M Corporation. This mid-deck experiment was successful, and the proprietary results of the chemical mixes were turned over to 3M. One other experiment, a radiation-monitoring experiment, was also performed.

The satellite recoveries on STS-51-A were the last untethered spacewalks until 1994, and marked the last use of the Manned Maneuvering Unit. In 1994, the Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue (SAFER) was tested on STS-64. On all subsequent spacewalks conducted by both NASA and the Soviet/Russian space agencies, the astronauts were tethered to the craft by some means.

The second mission of Discovery ended at 7 am EST on November 16, 1984 with a successful landing on Runway 15 at KSC. Footage of the landing was used in the 1985 IMAX movie The Dream is Alive. The flight completed 126 orbits, and lasted 7 days, 23 hours and 45 minutes. It was the third shuttle landing at KSC, and the fifth and last shuttle mission of 1984.

Wake-up calls

NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.[3]

Flight Day Song Artist/Composer
Day 2 "Marine Corps Hymn"
Day 3 "Theme from For a Few Dollars More" Ennio Morricone

Gallery

See also

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

  1. ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "SATCAT". Jonathan's Space Pages. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  2. ↑ "STS-51A". Spacefacts. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  3. ↑ Fries, Colin (June 25, 2007). "Chronology of Wakeup Calls" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved August 13, 2007.

External links


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