SS Maheno

Hand-coloured postcard of the SS Maheno
History
New Zealand
Name: SS Maheno
Owner: Union Company, Dunedin
Port of registry: Wellington[1]
Route: New Zealand — Australia
Builder: William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton
Yard number: 746[1]
Launched: 19 June 1905[1]
In service: November 1905
Out of service: 1935
Identification: Official number: 117588[1]
Fate: Wrecked, July 1935
General characteristics
Type: Ocean liner
Tonnage:
Length: 400 ft (120 m)[1]
Beam: 50 ft (15 m)[1]
Depth: 31 ft (9.4 m)[1]
Propulsion:
Speed: 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph)[2]
Capacity:
  • 420 passengers:[2]
  • 240 × 1st class
  • 120 × 2nd class
  • 60 × 3rd class

SS Maheno was an ocean liner belonging to the Union Company of New Zealand that operated in the Tasman Sea, crossing between New Zealand and Australia, from 1905 until 1935. She was also used as a hospital ship by the New Zealand Naval Forces during World War I. She was washed ashore on Fraser Island by a cyclone in 1935 where the disintegrating wreck remains as a popular tourist attraction.

Construction

The 5,000-ton steel-hulled ship was built by William Denny and Brothers of Dumbarton, Scotland, and launched on 19 June 1905.[1] At 400 feet in length and 50 feet in the beam, she was powered by three Parsons turbines, giving her a speed of 17.5 knots. She could carry up to 420 passengers: 240 in 1st class, 120 in 2nd and 60 in 3rd, and also had a refrigerated cargo hold. Accommodation for first class passengers included a dining room, smoking room, and music room with Bechstein grand piano. The ship was lit by electricity, and was fitted with all the latest safely equipment, which included Clayton sulphur dioxide fire extinguishers.[2]

Service history

The ship entered service on 18 November 1905, and was employed on routes between Sydney and Melbourne via ports in New Zealand and Hobart, Tasmania. She also made regular voyages between Sydney and Vancouver.[2]

World War I

The New Zealand hospital ship Maheno

During World War I Maheno was converted into a hospital ship using money raised by an appeal by the Earl of Liverpool, the Governor-General. She was fitted with eight wards and two operating theatres, and had a medical team consisting of five doctors and 61 orderlies from the Army Medical Corps, a matron, thirteen nursing sisters, and chaplains.[3] In accordance with Article 5[4] of the 1899 Hague Convention she was repainted white overall, with a broad green stripe along her sides, and large red crosses on the sides and funnels.[5]

Maheno arrived at Moudros, the naval base of the Gallipoli Campaign, on 25 August 1915, and the next day was off ANZAC Cove, loading casualties from the Battle of Hill 60. Over the next three months she carried casualties from Gallipoli to either Moudros, Malta or Alexandria. Maheno arrived back at New Zealand on 1 January 1916 to refit, then returned to Egypt in February to collect patients for transport back to New Zealand. She then sailed to the UK, arriving at Southampton on 3 July 1916, just after the start the Battle of the Somme. Until October 1916 she operated in the English Channel, taking large numbers of wounded troops from France to England. The ship returned to New Zealand in December 1916, and then made six more voyages between New Zealand and the UK, bringing back patients,[3] before she was returned to her owners at the end of the war to resume her usual commercial service.

Wreck

The Maheno beached
The hulk of Maheno in 2007
The hulk of Maheno in 2013

On 3 July 1935 the Maheno left Sydney under tow[6] by the 1,758 ton ship Oonah, a former Tasmanian Steamers Pty. Ltd. Bass Strait ferry, built in 1888, which along with the Maheno had been sold to an Osaka shipbreaker.[7] The ships were linked by a 900-foot (270 m) 6.75-inch (17.1 cm) wire rope.[6]

On the afternoon of 7 July,[7] while about 50 miles from the coast,[7] the towline parted during a severe cyclone. Attempts to reattach the towline failed in the heavy seas, and the Maheno, with eight men aboard, drifted off and disappeared.[6] The Oonah, with her steering gear temporarily disabled, broadcast a radio message requesting assistance for the Maheno, whose propellers had been removed.[8]

The ship was finally found on 10 July by an aircraft piloted by Keith Virtue, beached off the coast of Fraser Island.[9] The crew of the Maheno set up camp onshore, waiting for the Oonah to arrive, which it eventually did on 12 July.[10] The ship was subsequently stripped of her fittings,[11] but attempts to refloat her failed, and eventually the wreck was offered for sale, but found no buyers.[12]

Since then, much of the ship has either been destroyed or disintegrated, and the visible remainder has become severely rusted. Because of the dangerous condition of the wreck, access is prohibited.[13] The Australian Department of Defence lists the wreck as a site of unexploded ordnance (UXO) contamination, even though there are no records of it being used as a live firing target during World War II, nor of any UXO recovered from the site.[14]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to SS Maheno.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Allan, Bruce (2012). "SS Maheno". Clyde-built Ship Database. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "THE MAHENO.". The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) (Melbourne, Vic.: National Library of Australia). 7 November 1905. p. 6. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
  3. 1 2 Elliott, J.S. (1923). "The New Zealand Hospital Ships". In Drew, H.T.B. The War Effort of New Zealand. Auckland: Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd. pp. 127–137. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  4. ↑ "Convention for the Adaptation to Maritime Warfare of Principles of Geneva Convention of 1864 (Article 5)". Lillian Goldman Law Library. 29 July 1899. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  5. ↑ "Hospital ship Maheno". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 30 August 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  6. 1 2 3 "SHIPPING IN THE BIG BLOW : MAHENO MYSTERY". The Cairns Post (Cairns, Queensland: National Library of Australia). 10 July 1935. p. 7. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  7. 1 2 3 "SHIPS IN PERIL: ADRIFT OFF EAST COAST". Western Mail (Perth, Western Australia: National Library of Australia). 11 July 1935. p. 11. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  8. ↑ "TWO STEAMERS ADRIFT IN CYCLONE". Adelaide Chronicle (Adelaide, South Australia: National Library of Australia). 11 July 1935. p. 28. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  9. ↑ "MAHENO LOCATED AGROUND AT FRASER ISLAND". The Morning Bulletin (Rockhampton, Queensland: National Library of Australia). 11 July 1935. p. 7. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  10. ↑ "TERRIFYING ORDEAL ON THE MAHENO". The Courier-Mail (Brisbane, Queensland: National Library of Australia). 12 July 1935. p. 13. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  11. ↑ "FITTINGS OF STRANDED MAHENO". Singleton Argus (New South Wales: National Library of Australia). 19 July 1935. p. 6. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  12. ↑ "UNWANTED SHIP". The Sydney Morning Herald (Sydney, New South Wales: National Library of Australia). 28 March 1936. p. 17. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  13. ↑ "Access to Maheno prohibited" (PDF). Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. 2010. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  14. ↑ "List of UXO Contamination Sites in Queensland". Department of Defence. June 2010. Retrieved 21 November 2012.

Coordinates: 25°16′1.55″S 153°14′18.75″E / 25.2670972°S 153.2385417°E / -25.2670972; 153.2385417

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