SS Fenella (1936)
 Fenella at Douglas, Isle of Man | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Isle of Man
| |
| Name: | Fenella |
| Owner: | Isle of Man Steam Packet Company |
| Port of registry: |
Douglas, Isle of Man |
| Route: | Douglas-Liverpool, Douglas-Fleetwood |
| Builder: | Vickers Armstrong, Barrow-in-Furness |
| Cost: | £203,550 (£12,352,152 as of 2016).[1] |
| Launched: | 16 December 1936 |
| Maiden voyage: | 1937 |
| Homeport: | Douglas, Isle of Man |
| Identification: |
|
| Fate: | Sunk at Dunkirk, 29 May 1940 |
| Status: | Wreck |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | Passenger steamer |
| Tonnage: | 2,375.53 GRT |
| Length: | 314 ft 6 in (95.9 m) |
| Beam: | 46 ft (14.0 m) |
| Draught: | 18 ft (5.5 m) |
| Ice class: | N/A |
| Installed power: | 8,500 shp (6,300 kW) |
| Propulsion: | Twin-screw geared Parson's turbines, working at a steam pressure of 250 pounds per square inch (1,700 kPa), driving two sets of single-reduction turbines, developing 8,500 shp (6,300 kW). |
| Speed: | 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph) |
| Capacity: | 1968 passengers |
| Crew: | 68 |
TSS (RMS) Fenella (II) No. 145310 was a pre-war passenger steamer built by Vickers Armstrong at Barrow-in-Furness in 1936, for service with the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company. She was sunk by air attack during the evacuation of Dunkirk in May 1940.
Fenella's sister ship Tynwald, was also lost during the war.
Dimensions
Identical to her twin sister Tynwald, Fenella had a registered tonnage of 2376; a beam of 46'; length 314'6" and a depth of 18'. Both Tynwald and Fenella were designed with a service speed of 21 knots, accommodation for a crew of 68, and certificated to carry 1968 passengers. Both vessels were fitted with twin-screw geared turbines, and had water tube boilers with a steam pressure of 250 pounds per square inch (1,700 kPa), and two sets of single-reduction turbines, developing 8,500 shp (6,300 kW).
Both Fenella and Tynwald were launched at Barrow on the same day, 16 December 1936.
Service life
Smaller than their immediate predecessors, they were designed specifically for winter work and were the first ships in the company to have cruiser sterns, although neither had bow rudders.
Both ships worked on the heavy seasonal traffic on the main Douglas-Liverpool route, and both were much appreciated by passengers, especially in winter weather. With large public rooms, both twins were furnished to a high standard, and apart from slight decorative differences, they were of similar external appearance, except that Tynwald had her upper strake painted white, whereas on Fenella it was black.
On Tuesday 16 November 1937, a storm, with associated south-easterly gales, forced Fenella to seek shelter on the protected western side of the Isle of Man in the vicinity of Peel.[2] She proceeded to Douglas early on the morning of Wednesday 17 November, to take the morning sailing to Liverpool.
However, whilst berthing in challenging conditions, a mooring rope fouled one of her propellers. Fenella was taken to the inner harbour at Douglas, where divers tried to free the rope. Unfortunately this could not be accomplished, and as a consequence of the ebbing tide in the inner harbour, Fenella then went aground requiring the sailing to be cancelled.[2]
That same day, her sister Tynwald, also encountered problems whilst trying to berth in Douglas,[2] which prior to the construction of the Princess Alexandra Pier in 1984, was particularly hazardous during strong easterly winds. Taking that morning's sailing from Liverpool to Douglas, Tynwald experienced great difficulty trying to berth at the King Edward VIII Pier, and suffered damage to the belting on her starboard side, over a distance of approximately five metres, as well as suffering damage to her plating.[3] Finally she secured alongside, and having discharged her passengers and mail, Tynwald then departed for Liverpool at 15:50hrs taking the passengers and mail which should have left on Fenella's morning sailing.[3]
Fenella subsequently had the rope removed from her propeller, and resumed normal service the following day.[3]
On Tuesday 17 January 1939, whilst lying at anchor in the River Mersey, having taken the sailing from Douglas to Liverpool, Fenella was ran into by a cargo ship, the SS Eastleigh, which had arrived from Karachi, and was in the process of proceeding to berth at Bromborough Dock.[4] Part of the Fenella's belting was carried away, and damage was sustained to one of her lifeboats, along with damage to her plating.[4] The Fenella was taken to the Prince's Landing Stage, where she was inspected by representatives of the Board of Trade.[4] Temporary repairs were carried out, and Fenella was able to undertake the sailing from Liverpool to Douglas the following day.
At this time Tynwald was undergoing an overhaul, and had been replaced by the Mona's Isle which was working in conjunction with the Fenella.[4] Tynwald was due to of resumed service, replacing Mona's Isle, on Thursday, 19 January, but this was delayed until Saturday, 21 January.[4] Fenella was then able to undergo repairs to the damage she had sustained following her incident with the Eastleigh, and Tynwald joined Mona's Isle, which had to be kept in service deputising for the Fenella.[4]
War service and loss
Requisitioned in the first week of the war as a personnel carrier, Fenella's first few months were relatively uneventful. Then, on 28 May 1940, Fenella joined no less than seven of her Steam Packet sisters and made passage to Dunkirk.[5]
On 29 May 1940, under the command of her Master, Captain W. Cubbon, Fenella made her first trip into the evacuation area. She started to embark troops from the East Pier, and had 650 on board when she came under heavy fire in the third massed air attack of that day. She was hit by three bombs in quick succession, the first bomb hitting her directly on the promenade deck, the second bomb hitting the pier, blowing lumps of concrete through the ship's side below the waterline, and the third exploded between the pier and the ship's side, wrecking the engine room.
The Fenella was subsequently abandoned and later sank. The troops were disembarked onto the pier, where they were picked up by the famous old London pleasure steamer, the Crested Eagle. This too, was subsequently bombed and beached.
The survivors of the Fenella's crew were later picked up by the Dutch skoot, the Patria, which was under Royal Navy command. Others of the crew had succeeded in getting ashore on to the pier and had been taken on to the Crested Eagle, only to receive a direct hit.
The Fenella had gone into the harbour with a crew of 48, all Steam Packet men and most of them Manxmen. Four men had been left behind on leave. In all, 33 men succeeded in getting back to Dover, where one died of wounds. Many had been wounded, some seriously.
Some weeks later, a postcard was received from junior steward T. Helsby, who was 19 years of age, and came from Liverpool. He had last been seen, terribly burned, as the Fenella was foundering after the bomb attack. It transpired that he had been taken prisoner of war – the only Steam Packet Company man to be taken prisoner in all the operations of its ships in wartime – and was in a hospital in occupied Belgium. The German surgeons did an expert job on him, and he was repatriated before the end of the war, and eventually re-joined the Steam Packet.
Operation Dynamo, whilst widely regarded as the Steam Packet's "finest hour",[5] also saw its blackest day. Three vessels were lost from the fleet on 29 May; Mona's Queen, King Orry and Fenella.
Ultimate fate
The sinking of the Fenella was later followed by a theory that the ship had been raised by the enemy, fitted with new engines, and was used under the name Reval. Much later, the belief grew that she had been taken over by the Russians, following the collapse of Germany.
F B O'Friel, has arrived at what is probably the authentic version after help from a correspondent who searched the Kriegsmarine files at Freiburg. From the papers unearthed, it seems certain that the wrecked Fenella was eventually removed piecemeal from the harbour as scrap. The Germans had classified her as Wreck No. 11. Near her, had been Wreck No. 8, the steamer Bawtry. This ship was raised in March 1941, and was later repaired at Antwerp upon the completion of which, she was declared a 'prize of war'. She was taken over by a Kiel shipping firm in 1943 under the name of Rival, only to be completely destroyed in the massive RAF air raid on Hamburg on the night of 31 December 1944.
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References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fenella. |
- ↑ UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2015), "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" MeasuringWorth.
- 1 2 3 Peel City Guardian. Saturday 20 Nov 1937; Section:Front page; Page Number:1
- 1 2 3 Peel City Guardian; Date:20 Nov 1937; Section:Front page; Page Number:1
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Peel City Guardian; Date:21 Jan 1939
- 1 2 "About Us". Steam Packet Co. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
- Bibliography
- Chappell, Connery (1980). Island Lifeline T.Stephenson & Sons Ltd ISBN 0-901314-20-X