SM U-35 (Germany)
SM U 35, Commander Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, cruising in the Mediterranean | |
History | |
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German Empire | |
Name: | U-35 |
Ordered: | 29 March 1912 |
Builder: | Germaniawerft, Kiel |
Yard number: | 195 |
Laid down: | 20 December 1912 |
Launched: | 18 April 1914 |
Commissioned: | 3 November 1914 |
Fate: | Surrendered 26 November 1918. Broken up at Blyth in 1919-20 |
General characteristics | |
Class & type: | German Type U 31 submarine |
Displacement: |
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Length: |
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Beam: |
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Draught: | 3.56 m (11 ft 8 in) |
Installed power: |
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Propulsion: |
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Speed: |
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Range: |
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Test depth: | 50 m (164 ft 1 in) |
Boats & landing craft carried: | 1 dinghy |
Complement: | 4 officers, 31 enlisted |
Armament: |
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Service record | |
Part of: | Imperial German Navy II Flottille |
Commanders: |
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Operations: | 17 patrols |
Victories: |
SM U-35 was a German U 31-class U-boat which operated in the Mediterranean Sea during World War I. It ended up being the most successful U-boat participating in the war, sinking 224 ships for a total of 539,741 gross register tons (GRT).
Her longest serving captain was Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, who is famous for scrupulous adherence to prize rules, allowing crews of enemy merchant ships to board their lifeboats and giving them directions to the nearest port before sinking their ships. Under his command, U-35 claimed to have sunk 195 ships, making him the most successful submarine commander in history.
Design
German Type U 31 submarines were double-hulled ocean-going submarines similar to Type 23 and Type 27 subs in dimensions and differed only slightly in propulsion and speed. They were considered very good high sea boats with average manoeuvrability and good surface steering.[5]
U-35 had an overall length of 64.70 m (212 ft 3 in), her pressure hull was 52.36 m (171 ft 9 in) long. The boat's beam was 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in) (o/a), while the pressure hull measured 4.05 m (13 ft 3 in). Type 31s had a draught of 3.56 m (11 ft 8 in) with a total height of 7.68–8.04 m (25 ft 2 in–26 ft 5 in). The boats displaced a total of 971 tonnes (956 long tons); 685 t (674 long tons) when surfaced and 878 t (864 long tons) when submerged.[5]
U-35 was fitted with two Germania 6-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines with a total of 1,850 metric horsepower (1,361 kW; 1,825 bhp) for use on the surface and two Siemens-Schuckert double-acting electric motors with a total of 1,200 PS (883 kW; 1,184 shp) for underwater use. These engines powered two shafts each with a 1.60 m (5.2 ft) propeller, which gave the boat a top surface speed of 16.4 knots (30.4 km/h; 18.9 mph), and 9.7 knots (18.0 km/h; 11.2 mph) when submerged. Cruising range was 8,790 nautical miles (16,280 km; 10,120 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) on the surface, and 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) under water. Diving depth was 50 m (164 ft 1 in).[5]
The U-boat was armed with four 50 cm (20 in) torpedo tubes, two fitted in the bow and two in the stern, and carried 6 torpedoes. Additionally U-35 was equipped in 1915 with one 8.8 cm (3.5 in) deck gun, which was replaced with a 10.5 cm (4.1 in) gun in 1916/17. The boat's complement was 4 officers and 31 enlisted.[5]
Service history
U-35's keel was laid on 20 December 1912 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel. Its delivery date was supposed to be 1 March 1914, but it was delayed due to development problems with its diesel engine. U-35 officially entered service on 3 November 1914, under the command of Kapitänleutnant Waldemar Kophamel. The lead engineer was Hans Fechter. It sailed with the II Flottille, stationed in Helgoland.
U-35 completed its first two deployments in reconnaissance actions in the North Sea. In its following three actions, U-35 sunk 17 merchant ships, for a total of 25,716 GRT. Later, it was paired with U-34 after a battle near Cattaro, Montenegro, and sunk three merchant ships for a total of 4,067 GRT. U-35 made two more voyages and destroyed 15 more merchant ships totaling 59,409 GRT. These included on 23 October 1915 the British transport Marquette in the Aegean Sea. She was carrying an Ammunition Column of the 29th Division; and also staff of the 1st New Zealand Stationary Hospital, despite a British hospital ship the Grantully Castle sailing on the same route on the same day.[6]
On 18 November 1915, Kptlt. de la Perière took command of U-35. He led 15 missions, primarily in the Mediterranean, and sank 189 merchant ships for a total of 446,708 GRT. Additionally, U-35 sank the British gunboat HMS Primula on 29 February 1916 and the French gunboat Rigel on 2 October 1916.
On 26 February 1916, she successfully torpedoed and sank the Armed merchant cruiser La Provence, carrying 1,800 French troops, near Cerigo Island with a loss of 990 men.[7]
U-35's fourteenth patrol (26 July to 20 August 1916) under de la Perière stands as the most successful submarine patrol of all time. During that period, 54 merchant ships totaling 90,350 GRT were sunk.
She also sank on 4 October 1916, the French transport ship Gallia, leading to the death of between 600 and 1,800 men.
Kptlt. Ernst von Voigt took command of U-35 on 17 March 1918. He undertook two patrols, an enemy engagement and a redeployment cruise, between 7 September and 9 October 1918, but both were promptly broken off because of engine damage. On 14 October 1918, Kptlt.. Heino von Heimburg took command and U-35 was transferred to Kiel.
Fate
After World War I ended, U-35 was transferred to England and docked in Blyth from 1919 to 1920, then broken up.
Original documents from Room 40
The following is a verbatim transcription of the recorded activities of SM U-35 known to British Naval Intelligence, Room 40 O.B.:[8]
" SM U-35.
Kptlt. Kophamel til January 1916, then Kptlt. von Arnauld de la Periere til 1918, then Kptlt. von Voigt. Was completed at Kiel early in November 1914 and did trials at the School from 15 November 1914 – 12 January 1915. She then left for service in the North Sea, and joined the 2nd Half Flotilla.
- 19–21 January 1915. Bight patrol.
- ? 23–26 January 1915. Bight patrol.
- 1 February 1915. Bight patrol.
- 7–20 March 1915. Channel via Dover to Irish Sea.
- 29 April – 2 May 1915. North Sea. Sank 1 S.S. Returned with engine trouble.
- 29 May – 23 June 1915. Northabout to S. of Ireland. 5 S.S., 9 sailing vessels, sunk.
- 4–23 August 1915. To Mediterranean, Northabout, sank 3 sailing vessels, and arrived Cattaro 23 August 1915, where she joined the Pola-Cattaro Flotilla.
- 12–22 September 1915. Left Cattaro and sank 3 S.S., one near C. Mattapan, another S of Crete. Returned to Cattaro.
- Early in October 1915. Was on a cruise of which no details are known.
- 30 October 1915. – 13 November 1915. In eastern Mediterranean, sank 11 steamers, also on 5 November HMS Tara, the Egyptian C.G. cruiser Abbas and damaged the Noor-El-Bahr, all in Gulf of Sollum. On 8 November submarine was attacked by a French armed trawler.
- Middle of December 1915 to 6 January 1916. In central Mediterranean. Sank 5 S.S. and fired 2 torpedoes at HMS Mimosa.
- 21 February 1916 – 4 March 1916. In Central Mediterranean, sank 3 S.S. and attacked Olympic on two occasions, was engaged by HMS Marguerite on 24 February
- 27 March – 17 April 1916. In Spanish waters, sank about 8 S.S.
- June 1916. On a cruise in this month U-35 put into Carthagena on 21 June. She sank in all 19 steamships, 21 sailing vessels and attacked but did not sink 7 ships including 3 armed British ships. Her sinkings were made in a period of 19 days, mostly in the area of Sardinia, Minorca, Barcelona and the Gulf of Genoa.
- 27 July – 15 August 1916. In a period of 20 days while on a cruise from Cattaro to the Spanish waters of the western Mediterranean, U-35 sank 29 S.S., 24 sailing vessels. Attacked 8 S.S. and a French cruiser, and damaged but did not sink 3 other ships, a tonnage of 91,000 tons being claimed. 14 September – 9 October 1916. In her usual sphere, which may be roughly defined as off the Spanish Mediterranean coast, sank about 19 S.S., 4 sailing vessels, and 3 other vessels. She also attacked 4 S.S. 29/30 December 1916 – 13 January 1917. In central Mediterranean. Sank 4 S.S. on a line between Malta and Straits of Otranto.
- 6 February – 2 March 1917. Sank 7 S.S., 6 sailing vessels in western Mediterranean.
- 30 March to 5/6 May 1917 (approx). Sank 3 steamers, 3 sailing vessels and another merchant ship in the western Mediterranean. Passed through the Straits of Gibraltar on the night 12/13 April, and in the fortnight succeeding sank 24 S.S., 1 sailing vessel in the western approaches to the Straits. After returning to the Mediterranean she sank 1 more S.S. 80,000 tons sinkings were claimed. A professional cinematographer was on board during this cruise, and the films taken were exhibited in Great Britain in 1919.
- 4/5 October – 6 November 1917. Left Cattaro and went through the Straits of Gibraltar about the night 13/14 October. On 15 October was possibly attacked by HMS City of Belfast, and on 16 October by TB95. On re-entering the Mediterranean sank about 4 ships, and on 6 November was attacked by the French submarine Faraday.
- 7/8 December 1917 – 1 January 1918. Left Cattaro and on 15 December was bombed by a seaplane. Passed the Straits of Gibraltar on the night of the 16/17 December. Re-entered the Mediterranean on the night of the 21/22 December. Returned to Cattaro having sunk 5 S.S. and 1 sailing vessel. During the period in which she was west of the Straits she was possibly operating against French ships, carrying foodstuffs, from the west coast of Morocco. A total of 28,000 tons was claimed for this cruise.
- February 1918. U-35 was on a further cruise for which 26,000 tons sinkings were claimed. After this, her famous Commander von Arnauld de la Periere was transferred, and Kptlt. Ernst von Voigt took over the boat.
- A cruise in August and early September 1918 yielded 3 steamers.
- In October 1918 she returned to Kiel by the Sound and on 27 November 1918 was surrendered at Harwich.
Note: S.S. = Steam Ship; S.V. = Sailing Vessel; Northabout, Muckle Flugga, Fair I. = around Scotland; Sound, Belts, Kattegat = via North of Denmark to/from German Baltic ports; Bight = to/from German North Sea ports; success = sinking of ships
Summary of raiding history
Date | Name | Nationality | [Note 1] Tonnage | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
9 March 1915 | Blackwood | United Kingdom | 1,230 | Sunk |
9 March 1915 | Gris Nez | France | 208 | Sunk |
15 March 1915 | Hyndford | United Kingdom | 4,286 | Damaged |
30 April 1915 | Laila | Norway | 748 | Sunk |
2 June 1915 | Cubano | Norway | 4,352 | Sunk |
4 June 1915 | George & Mary | United Kingdom | 100 | Sunk |
6 June 1915 | Sunlight | United Kingdom | 1,433 | Sunk |
7 June 1915 | Trudvang | Norway | 1,041 | Sunk |
8 June 1915 | Express | United Kingdom | 115 | Sunk |
8 June 1915 | La Liberte | France | 302 | Sunk |
8 June 1915 | Strathcarron | United Kingdom | 4,347 | Sunk |
8 June 1915 | Susannah | United Kingdom | 115 | Sunk |
10 June 1915 | Thomasina | Russian Empire | 1,869 | Sunk |
12 June 1915 | Bellglade | Norway | 664 | Sunk |
12 June 1915 | Crown of India | United Kingdom | 2,034 | Sunk |
13 June 1915 | Diamant | France | 324 | Sunk |
13 June 1915 | Hopemount | United Kingdom | 3,300 | Sunk |
13 June 1915 | Pelham | United Kingdom | 3,534 | Sunk |
10 August 1915 | Baltzer | Russian Empire | 343 | Damaged |
10 August 1915 | Francois | France | 2,212 | Sunk |
10 August 1915 | Morna | Norway | 1,512 | Sunk |
17 September 1915 | Ravitailleur | France | 2,815 | Sunk |
19 September 1915 | Ramazan | United Kingdom | 3,477 | Sunk |
20 September 1915 | Linkmoor | United Kingdom | 4,306 | Sunk |
18 October 1915 | Scilla | Kingdom of Italy | 1,220 | Sunk |
23 October 1915 | Marquette | United Kingdom | 7,057 | Sunk |
3 November 1915 | Woolwich | United Kingdom | 2,936 | Sunk |
5 November 1915 | HMS Tara | Royal Navy | 1,862 | Sunk |
5 November 1915 | Abbas | Egyptian Navy | 298 | Sunk |
5 November 1915 | Nour-el-bahr | Egypt | 450 | Damaged |
6 November 1915 | Caria | United Kingdom | 3,032 | Sunk |
6 November 1915 | Clan Macalister | United Kingdom | 4,835 | Sunk |
6 November 1915 | Lumina | United Kingdom | 6,218 | Sunk |
7 November 1915 | Moorina | United Kingdom | 4,994 | Sunk |
8 November 1915 | Den of Crombie | United Kingdom | 4,949 | Sunk |
8 November 1915 | Sir Richard Awdry | United Kingdom | 2,234 | Sunk |
8 November 1915 | Wacousta | Norway | 3,521 | Sunk |
9 November 1915 | Californian | United Kingdom | 6,223 | Sunk |
17 January 1916 | Sutherland | United Kingdom | 3,542 | Sunk |
18 January 1916 | Marere | United Kingdom | 6,443 | Sunk |
20 January 1916 | Trematon | United Kingdom | 4,198 | Sunk |
26 February 1916 | La Provence | France | 13,753 | Sunk |
27 February 1916 | Giava | Kingdom of Italy | 2,755 | Sunk |
28 February 1916 | Masunda | United Kingdom | 4,952 | Sunk |
29 February 1916 | HMS Primula | Royal Navy | 1,250 | Sunk |
23 March 1916 | Minneapolis | United Kingdom | 13,543 | Sunk |
13 June 1916 | Maria C. | Kingdom of Italy | 77 | Sunk |
13 June 1916 | Motia | Kingdom of Italy | 500 | Sunk |
13 June 1916 | San Francesco Di Paola | Kingdom of Italy | 43 | Sunk |
14 June 1916 | Antonia V | Kingdom of Italy | 132 | Sunk |
14 June 1916 | Giosue | Kingdom of Italy | 20 | Sunk |
14 June 1916 | San Francesco | Kingdom of Italy | 28 | Sunk |
14 June 1916 | Tavolara | Kingdom of Italy | 701 | Sunk |
15 June 1916 | Adelina | Kingdom of Italy | 170 | Sunk |
15 June 1916 | Anette | Kingdom of Italy | 112 | Sunk |
15 June 1916 | Audace | Kingdom of Italy | 144 | Sunk |
15 June 1916 | S. Maria | Kingdom of Italy | 515 | Sunk |
15 June 1916 | Sardinia | United Kingdom | 1,119 | Sunk |
16 June 1916 | Dolmetta M | Kingdom of Italy | 48 | Sunk |
16 June 1916 | Era | Kingdom of Italy | 1,078 | Sunk |
16 June 1916 | Eufrasia | Kingdom of Italy | 71 | Sunk |
16 June 1916 | Gafsa | United Kingdom | 3,922 | Sunk |
16 June 1916 | Rondine | Kingdom of Italy | 112 | Sunk |
17 June 1916 | Poviga | Kingdom of Italy | 3,360 | Sunk |
18 June 1916 | Aquila | Norway | 2,191 | Sunk |
18 June 1916 | Beachy | United Kingdom | 4,718 | Sunk |
18 June 1916 | Olga | France | 2,964 | Sunk |
18 June 1916 | Rona | United Kingdom | 1,312 | Sunk |
19 June 1916 | France Et Russie | France | 329 | Sunk |
19 June 1916 | Mario C. | Kingdom of Italy | 398 | Sunk |
23 June 1916 | Giuseppina | Kingdom of Italy | 1,872 | Sunk |
23 June 1916 | Herault | France | 2,299 | Sunk |
24 June 1916 | Canford Chine | United Kingdom | 2,398 | Sunk |
24 June 1916 | Checchina | France | 184 | Sunk |
24 June 1916 | Daiyetsu Maru | Japan | 3,184 | Sunk |
24 June 1916 | San Francesco | Kingdom of Italy | 1,060 | Sunk |
24 June 1916 | Saturnina Fanny | Kingdom of Italy | 1,568 | Sunk |
25 June 1916 | Clara | Kingdom of Italy | 5,503 | Sunk |
25 June 1916 | Fournel | France | 2,047 | Sunk |
27 June 1916 | Mongibello | Kingdom of Italy | 4,059 | Sunk |
27 June 1916 | Pino | Kingdom of Italy | 1,677 | Sunk |
27 June 1916 | Roma | Kingdom of Italy | 2,491 | Sunk |
27 June 1916 | Windermere | United Kingdom | 2,292 | Sunk |
29 June 1916 | Carlo Alberto | Kingdom of Italy | 312 | Sunk |
29 June 1916 | Giuseppina | Kingdom of Italy | 214 | Sunk |
29 June 1916 | Teano | United Kingdom | 1,907 | Sunk |
28 July 1916 | Dandolo | Kingdom of Italy | 4,977 | Sunk |
30 July 1916 | Britannic | United Kingdom | 3,487 | Sunk |
30 July 1916 | Ethelbryhta | United Kingdom | 3,084 | Sunk |
30 July 1916 | Giuseppe Marta | Tunisia | 111 | Sunk |
30 July 1916 | Katholm | Denmark | 1,324 | Sunk |
31 July 1916 | Citta Di Messina | Kingdom of Italy | 2,464 | Sunk |
31 July 1916 | Einar | Norway | 135 | Sunk |
31 July 1916 | Emilio G. | Kingdom of Italy | 166 | Sunk |
31 July 1916 | Erling | Norway | 122 | Sunk |
31 July 1916 | Generale Ameglio | Kingdom of Italy | 222 | Sunk |
1 August 1916 | Heighington | United Kingdom | 2,800 | Sunk |
2 August 1916 | Eugenia | Kingdom of Italy | 550 | Sunk |
2 August 1916 | Neptune | France | 151 | Sunk |
3 August 1916 | Tricoupis | Greece | 2,387 | Sunk |
4 August 1916 | Favonian | United Kingdom | 3,049 | Sunk |
4 August 1916 | Siena | Kingdom of Italy | 4,372 | Sunk |
4 August 1916 | Teti | Kingdom of Italy | 2,868 | Sunk |
4 August 1916 | Tottenham | United Kingdom | 3,106 | Sunk |
5 August 1916 | Achilleus | Greece | 843 | Sunk |
5 August 1916 | Mount Coniston | United Kingdom | 3,018 | Sunk |
7 August 1916 | Newburn | United Kingdom | 3,554 | Sunk |
7 August 1916 | Trident | United Kingdom | 3,129 | Sunk |
8 August 1916 | Imperial | United Kingdom | 3,818 | Sunk |
8 August 1916 | Speme | Kingdom of Italy | 1,229 | Sunk |
9 August 1916 | Antiope | United Kingdom | 2,973 | Sunk |
9 August 1916 | Ganekogorta Mendi | Spain | 3,061 | Sunk |
9 August 1916 | Sebastiano | Kingdom of Italy | 3,995 | Sunk |
10 August 1916 | Temmei Maru | Japan | 3,360 | Sunk |
11 August 1916 | Pagasarri | Spain | 3,287 | Sunk |
12 August 1916 | Gina | Kingdom of Italy | 443 | Sunk |
12 August 1916 | Nereus | Kingdom of Italy | 3,980 | Sunk |
12 August 1916 | Regina Pacis | Kingdom of Italy | 2,228 | Sunk |
12 August 1916 | Saint Gaetan (aux) | France | 125 | Sunk |
13 August 1916 | Balmoral | Kingdom of Italy | 2,542 | Sunk |
13 August 1916 | Eurasia | Kingdom of Italy | 1,898 | Sunk |
13 August 1916 | Francesco Saverio | Kingdom of Italy | 214 | Sunk |
13 August 1916 | Ivar | Denmark | 2,139 | Sunk |
14 August 1916 | Emilia | Kingdom of Italy | 319 | Sunk |
14 August 1916 | Francesca | Kingdom of Italy | 161 | Sunk |
14 August 1916 | Henriette B. | Kingdom of Italy | 176 | Sunk |
14 August 1916 | Ida | Kingdom of Italy | 242 | Sunk |
14 August 1916 | Lavinia | Kingdom of Italy | 243 | Sunk |
14 August 1916 | Louis B. | Kingdom of Italy | 212 | Sunk |
14 August 1916 | Pausania | Kingdom of Italy | 107 | Sunk |
14 August 1916 | Rosario | Kingdom of Italy | 188 | Sunk |
14 August 1916 | San Francesco Di Paolo | Kingdom of Italy | 112 | Sunk |
14 August 1916 | San Giovanni Battista | Kingdom of Italy | 1,066 | Sunk |
14 August 1916 | San Giuseppe Patriarca | Kingdom of Italy | 62 | Sunk |
15 August 1916 | Augusta | Kingdom of Italy | 523 | Sunk |
15 August 1916 | Candida Altieri | Kingdom of Italy | 282 | Sunk |
15 August 1916 | Vergine Di Pompei | Kingdom of Italy | 145 | Sunk |
16 August 1916 | Madre | Kingdom of Italy | 665 | Sunk |
17 August 1916 | Swedish Prince | United Kingdom | 3,712 | Sunk |
18 August 1916 | Erix | Kingdom of Italy | 923 | Sunk |
19 September 1916 | Doride | Kingdom of Italy | 1,250 | Sunk |
19 September 1916 | Teresa | Kingdom of Italy | 270 | Sunk |
22 September 1916 | Garibaldi | Kingdom of Italy | 5,185 | Sunk |
22 September 1916 | Giovanni Zambelli | Kingdom of Italy | 2,485 | Sunk |
23 September 1916 | Charterhouse | United Kingdom | 3,021 | Sunk |
24 September 1916 | Bronwen | United Kingdom | 4,250 | Sunk |
24 September 1916 | Bufjord | Norway | 2,284 | Sunk |
24 September 1916 | Nicolo | Kingdom of Italy | 5,466 | Sunk |
25 September 1916 | Benpark | Kingdom of Italy | 3,842 | Sunk |
26 September 1916 | Newby | United Kingdom | 2,168 | Sunk |
26 September 1916 | Roddam | United Kingdom | 3,218 | Sunk |
26 September 1916 | Stathe | United Kingdom | 2,623 | Sunk |
27 September 1916 | Rallas | United Kingdom | 1,752 | Sunk |
27 September 1916 | Secondo | United Kingdom | 3,912 | Sunk |
27 September 1916 | Vindeggen | Norway | 2,610 | Sunk |
29 September 1916 | Venus | Kingdom of Italy | 3,976 | Sunk |
2 October 1916 | Rigel | French Navy | 1,250 | Sunk |
3 October 1916 | Samos | Greece | 1,186 | Sunk |
4 October 1916 | Birk | Norway | 715 | Sunk |
4 October 1916 | Gallia | France | 14,966 | Sunk |
5 October 1916 | Aurora | Kingdom of Italy | 2,806 | Sunk |
5 October 1916 | Vera | Sweden | 2,308 | Sunk |
5 January 1917 | Lesbian | United Kingdom | 2,555 | Sunk |
5 January 1917 | Salvatore Padre | Kingdom of Italy | 200 | Sunk |
6 January 1917 | Hudworth | United Kingdom | 3,966 | Sunk |
7 January 1917 | Mohacsfield | United Kingdom | 3,678 | Sunk |
8 January 1917 | Andoni | United Kingdom | 3,188 | Sunk |
8 January 1917 | Lynfield | United Kingdom | 3,023 | Sunk |
11 February 1917 | Assunta | Kingdom of Italy | 132 | Sunk |
12 February 1917 | Lyman M. Law | United States | 1,300 | Sunk |
13 February 1917 | Percy Roy | United Kingdom | 110 | Sunk |
14 February 1917 | Mery | Russian Empire | 178 | Sunk |
14 February 1917 | Oceania | Kingdom of Italy | 4,217 | Sunk |
15 February 1917 | Buranda | United Kingdom | 3,651 | Sunk |
16 February 1917 | Oriana | Kingdom of Italy | 3,132 | Sunk |
16 February 1917 | Prudenza | Kingdom of Italy | 3,307 | Sunk |
17 February 1917 | Pier Accavan Ubert | Kingdom of Italy | 112 | Sunk |
18 February 1917 | Giuseppe | Kingdom of Italy | 1,856 | Sunk |
18 February 1917 | Guido T | Kingdom of Italy | 324 | Sunk |
18 February 1917 | Skogland | Sweden | 3,264 | Sunk |
23 February 1917 | Longhirst | United Kingdom | 3,053 | Sunk |
23 February 1917 | Mont Viso | France | 4,820 | Damaged |
24 February 1917 | Dorothy | United Kingdom | 3,806 | Sunk |
24 February 1917 | Prikonisos | Greece | 3,537 | Sunk |
3 April 1917 | Ardgask | United Kingdom | 4,542 | Sunk |
4 April 1917 | Marguerite | United States | 1,553 | Sunk |
4 April 1917 | Parkgate | United Kingdom | 3,232 | Sunk |
7 April 1917 | Maplewood | United Kingdom | 3,239 | Sunk |
11 April 1917 | Miss Morris | United Kingdom | 156 | Sunk |
12 April 1917 | India | Greece | 2,933 | Sunk |
13 April 1917 | Giuseppe Accame | Kingdom of Italy | 3,224 | Sunk |
13 April 1917 | Odysseus | Greece | 3,463 | Sunk |
13 April 1917 | Stromboli | Kingdom of Italy | 5,466 | Sunk |
14 April 1917 | Patagonier | United Kingdom | 3,832 | Sunk |
15 April 1917 | Panaghi Drakatos | Greece | 2,734 | Sunk |
17 April 1917 | Brisbane River | United Kingdom | 4,989 | Sunk |
17 April 1917 | Corfu | United Kingdom | 3,695 | Sunk |
17 April 1917 | Fernmoor | United Kingdom | 3,098 | Sunk |
18 April 1917 | Trekieve | United Kingdom | 3,087 | Sunk |
19 April 1917 | Sowwell | United Kingdom | 3,781 | Sunk |
20 April 1917 | Leasowe Castle | United Kingdom | 9,737 | Damaged |
20 April 1917 | Lowdale | United Kingdom | 2,260 | Sunk |
20 April 1917 | Nentmoor | United Kingdom | 3,535 | Sunk |
23 April 1917 | Bandiera E Moro | Kingdom of Italy | 2,086 | Sunk |
24 April 1917 | Bien Aime Prof. Luigi | Kingdom of Italy | 265 | Sunk |
24 April 1917 | Nordsøen | Denmark | 1,055 | Sunk |
24 April 1917 | Torvore | Norway | 1,667 | Sunk |
24 April 1917 | Vilhelm Krag | Norway | 3,715 | Sunk |
27 April 1917 | Triana | Spain | 748 | Sunk |
13 October 1917 | Alavi | United Kingdom | 3,627 | Sunk |
13 October 1917 | Despina G. Michalinos | Greece | 2,851 | Sunk |
13 October 1917 | Doris | Kingdom of Italy | 3,979 | Sunk |
13 October 1917 | Lilla | Kingdom of Italy | 2,819 | Sunk |
15 October 1917 | City Of Belfast | United Kingdom | 1,055 | Damaged |
18 October 1917 | Lorenzo | Kingdom of Italy | 2,498 | Sunk |
19 October 1917 | Ikoma Maru | Japan | 3,048 | Sunk |
25 October 1917 | Fannie Prescott | United States | 404 | Sunk |
29 October 1917 | Namur | United Kingdom | 6,694 | Sunk |
31 October 1917 | Cambric | United Kingdom | 3,403 | Sunk |
2 November 1917 | Maria Di Porto Salvo | Kingdom of Italy | 91 | Sunk |
2 November 1917 | San Francesco Di Paola G. | Kingdom of Italy | 91 | Sunk |
11 December 1917 | Persier | United Kingdom | 3,874 | Sunk |
20 December 1917 | Fiscus | United Kingdom | 4,782 | Sunk |
20 December 1917 | Waverley | United Kingdom | 3,853 | Sunk |
23 December 1917 | Pietro | Kingdom of Italy | 3,860 | Sunk |
24 December 1917 | Turnbridge | United Kingdom | 2,874 | Sunk |
25 December 1917 | Argo | United Kingdom | 3,071 | Sunk |
25 December 1917 | Cliftondale | United Kingdom | 3,811 | Sunk |
25 December 1917 | Nordpol | Norway | 2,053 | Sunk |
23 February 1918 | Humberto | Portugal | 274 | Sunk |
26 February 1918 | Pytheas | Norway | 2,690 | Sunk |
27 February 1918 | Kerman | United Kingdom | 4,397 | Damaged |
27 February 1918 | Marconi | United Kingdom | 7,402 | Damaged |
6 March 1918 | Daiten Maru | Japan | 4,555 | Sunk |
7 March 1918 | Begona No.4 | Spain | 1,850 | Sunk |
9 March 1918 | Silverdale | United Kingdom | 3,835 | Sunk |
Sunk: Damaged: Total: |
546,707 32,490 579,197 |
Notes
- ↑ Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement
Citations
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Waldemar Kophamel (Pour le Mérite)". German and Austrian U-Boats of World War I – Kaiserliche Marine – Uboat.net. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière (Pour le Mérite)". German and Austrian U-Boats of World War I – Kaiserliche Marine – Uboat.net. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ernst von Voigt". German and Austrian U-Boats of World War I – Kaiserliche Marine – Uboat.net. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Heino von Heimburg (Pour le Mérite)". German and Austrian U-Boats of World War I – Kaiserliche Marine – Uboat.net. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 Gröner 1991, p. 6.
- ↑ Cloud over Marquette by J M Smith (1990, Auckland NZ) ISBN 047301081X
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "La Provence sunk". German and Austrian U-Boats of World War I – Kaiserliche Marine – Uboat.net. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ↑ National Archives, Kew: HW 7/3, Room 40, History of German Naval Warfare 1914-1918 (Published below – Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918)
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U 35". German and Austrian U-Boats of World War I – Kaiserliche Marine – Uboat.net. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
Bibliography
- Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel (London: Conway Maritime Press). ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
- Eberhard Rössler: Geschichte des deutschen U-Bootbaus – Band 1. Bernard & Graefe Verlag 1996, ISBN 3-86047-153-8
- Bodo Herzog: Deutsche U-Boote 1906-1966. Manfred Pawlak Verlags GmbH, Herrschingen 1990, ISBN 3-88199-687-7
- Spindler, Arno (1966) [1932]. Der Handelskrieg mit U-Booten. 5 Vols. Berlin: Mittler & Sohn. Vols. 4+5, dealing with 1917+18, are very hard to find: Guildhall Library, London, has them all, also Vol. 1-3 in an English translation: The submarine war against commerce.
- Beesly, Patrick (1982). Room 40: British Naval Intelligence 1914-1918. London: H Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-241-10864-2.
- Halpern, Paul G. (1935). A Naval History of World War I. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-85728-498-0.
- Roessler, Eberhard (1997). Die Unterseeboote der Kaiserlichen Marine. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe. ISBN 978-3-7637-5963-7.
- Schroeder, Joachim (2002). Die U-Boote des Kaisers. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe. ISBN 978-3-7637-6235-4.
- Koerver, Hans Joachim (2008). Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918. Vol I., The Fleet in Action. Steinbach: LIS Reinisch. ISBN 978-3-902433-76-3.
- Koerver, Hans Joachim (2009). Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918. Vol II., The Fleet in Being. Steinbach: LIS Reinisch. ISBN 978-3-902433-77-0.
External links
- Photos of cruises of German submarine U-54 in 1916-1918. Great photo quality, comments in German.
- A 44 min. film from 1917 about a cruise of the German submarine U-35. A German propaganda film without dead or wounded; many details about submarine warfare in World War I. In 6 parts.
- Helgason, Guðmundur. "U-35". German and Austrian U-Boats of World War I – Kaiserliche Marine – Uboat.net.
- Room 40: original documents, photos and maps about World War I German submarine warfare and British Room 40 Intelligence from The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, UK.