SAP SE

SAP SE
Societas Europaea
Traded as FWB: SAP NYSE: SAP
Industry Enterprise software
Founded Weinheim, Germany
(1972 (1972))
Founder Dietmar Hopp
Hans-Werner Hector
Hasso Plattner
Klaus Tschira
Claus Wellenreuther
Headquarters Walldorf, Germany
Area served
 Worldwide
Key people
 Hasso Plattner (Chairman)
Bill McDermott (CEO)
Products See list of SAP products
Revenue Increase €20.79 billion (2015)[1]
Decrease €4.251 billion (2015)[1]
Profit Decrease €3.069 billion (2015)[1]
Total assets Increase €41.39 billion (2015)[1]
Total equity Increase €23.7 billion (2015)[1]
Number of employees
 75,643 (2015)[2]
Slogan Run Simple (formerly: The best-run businesses run SAP.)
Website SAP.com

SAP SE (/ɛseɪˈpi/) (Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung; Systems, Applications & Products in Data Processing) is a German multinational software corporation that makes enterprise software to manage business operations and customer relations. SAP is headquartered in Walldorf, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, with regional offices in 130 countries.[2] The company has over 293,500 customers in 190 countries.[2] The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.[3]

History

Formation

When Xerox aimed to exit the computer industry in 1975,[4] they asked IBM to migrate their business systems to IBM technology. As part of IBM's compensation for the migration, IBM was given the rights to the Scientific Data Systems (SDS)/SAPE software, reportedly for a contract credit of $80,000.

Five IBM engineers from the AI department[5][6] (Dietmar Hopp, Klaus Tschira, Hans-Werner Hector, Hasso Plattner, and Claus Wellenreuther, all from Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg) were working in an enterprise-wide system based on this software, only to be told that it would be no longer necessary. Rather than abandon the project, they decided to leave IBM Tech and start another company.[7]

In June 1970, they founded Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung ("System Analysis and Program Development") company, as a private partnership under the German Civil Code.[7]

Their first client was the German branch of Imperial Chemical Industries[8] in Östringen, where they developed mainframe programs for payroll and accounting. Instead of storing the data on punch cards mechanically, as IBM did, they stored it locally. Therefore, they called their software a real-time system, since there was no need to process the punch cards overnight (for this reason their flagship product carried an R in its name until the late 1990s). This first version was also a standalone software that could be offered to other interested parties.[9]

Enterprise resource planning

In 1973, the first commercial product was launched. It was called SAP R/98,[10][11] and offered a common system for multiple tasks. This permitted the use of a centralized data storage, improving the maintenance of data. From a technical point of view, therefore, a database was necessary.[12]

In 1976, SAP GmbH was founded, and moved its headquarters the following year to Walldorf, Germany. Three years later, in 1979, SAP launched SAP R/2, expanding the capabilities of the system to other areas, such as material management and production planning. In 1981, SAP brought a re-designed product to market. However, SAP R/2 did not improve until the period between 1985 and 1990. SAP released the new SAP R/3 in 1992. SAP developed and released several versions of R/3 through 1995. By the mid-1990s, SAP followed the trend from mainframe computing to client/server architectures. The development of SAP’s internet strategy with mySAP.com redesigned the concept of business processes (integration via Internet).[7] SAP was awarded Industry Week's Best Managed Companies in 1999.[13]

Corporate restructuring

In August 1988, SAP GmbH became SAP AG, and public trading started on 4 November 1988. Shares were listed on the Frankfurt and Stuttgart stock exchanges.[7] In 1995, SAP was included in the German stock index DAX and, on 22 September 2003, SAP was included in the Dow Jones STOXX 50.[14]

The company's official name became SAP AG (a public limited company) after the 2005 annual general meeting. In 2014, SAP changed from an AG to a European Company (Societas Europaea or SE).[15]

SAP S/4HANA

Written natively for the SAP HANA platform, SAP S/4HANA is the new generation of SAP Business Suite launched in 2015. It offers cloud, on-premises and hybrid deployment options to provide more choice to customers. Some benefits include: a smaller data footprint, higher throughput, faster analytics and reports, SAP HANA Cloud Platform extension, multitenancy, and faster access to data (social, text, geo, graph and processing). It also allows existing SAP Business Suite customers to upgrade to this product from SAP Business Suite instead of re-implementing.[16]

Bill McDermott, CEO of SAP, compared the release of SAP S/4HANA to a "moonshot", describing it as the most important launch in the company’s history.[17] Partners have expressed readiness to implement S/4HANA because of the benefits it offers.[18] Customers have said they've been waiting for such a solution, according to the Americas' SAP Users' Group (ASUG): "What SAP is promising with S/4HANA is a new suite of applications, a new user experience and a new offering of deployment models, all the things that we, as SAP customers, have been clamoring for so long."[19]

Analysts at J.P. Morgan have predicted that the new software could help SAP achieve more than a 30-percent compound annual growth rate.[20] Yet some analysts, such as Peter Goldmacher of Cowen and Co., question whether it will be adopted as quickly as the company says, and create the massive growth that SAP foresees.[21]

Focus on cloud

Since 2012, SAP has acquired several companies that sell cloud-based products, with several multibillion-dollar acquisitions seen by analysts as an attempt to challenge competitor Oracle.[22] In 2014 SAP bought Concur Technologies, a provider of cloud-based travel and expense management software, for $8.3 billion, SAP's most expensive purchase to that date.[23] Analysts' reactions to the purchase were mixed, with Thomas Becker of Commerzbank questioning whether Concur was the right choice for SAP, while Credit Suisse called the acquisition an "aggressive" move.[24]

In 2014, IBM and SAP began a partnership to sell cloud-based services.[25] IBM provides the infrastructure services to SAP, and SAP runs its SAP HANA cloud solution on top. The alliance gives both companies broader reach in the market.[26] SAP has announced additional partnerships with Microsoft in order to give customers tools for data visualization, as well as improved mobile applications.[27]

SAP exceeded its revenue projections due to the expansion in its cloud business and the success of SAP HANA. The growth can also be partially attributed to the acquisitions of Concur and Fieldglass.[28]

Acquisitions

Acquisition number Acquired company Acquisition date Specialty Country of origin Acquisition costs
59 Concur Technologies Sept 2014 Travel and Expense Management USA $8.3b
58 SeeWhy May 2014 Behavioral target marketing USA $1.1b
57 Fieldglass Mar 2014 Contingent labor and services USA
56 KXEN Oct 2013 Predictive analytics France
55 hybris May 2013 E-Commerce Solutions Switzerland
54 Camilion March 2013 Insurance solutions Canada
53 SmartOps Feb 2013 Inventory optimization USA
52 Ticket-Web Feb 2013 CRM for sports and entertainment promoters USA
51 Ariba Oct 2012 Supplier network USA $4.3b
50 Syclo Jun 2012 Mobile asset management USA
49 datango Jan 2012 Electronic performance support technologies Germany
48 SuccessFactors Dec 2011 Talent Management USA $3.4b
47 Right Hemisphere Sep 2011 3D visualization USA
46 Crossgate Sep 2011 B2B eCommerce Germany
45 Secude Mar 2011 Security software (Not the whole company, only some assets were acquired) Germany
44 Cundus Dec 2010 Disclosure Management Germany
43 Sybase May 2010 Database, middleware, mobile software USA $5.8b
42 TechniData May 2010 Environmental, Health and Safety Germany
41 SAF Sep 2009 Inventory Management Switzerland $91m
40 Highdeal May 2009 High-volume billing France
39 Visiprise Jul 2008 Manufacturing Execution USA
38 Saicon INC Oct 2014 US Recruitment India
37 Business Objects Oct 2007 Business Intelligence France $6.78b
36 Yasu Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Oct 2007 Business Rules Management Software India
35 Wincom Communications May 2007 Internet Communication software USA
34 MaXware May 2007 Identity software Norway
33 Outlooksoft May 2007 Planning & consolidation USA
32 Pilot Software Feb 2007 Strategy Management software USA ~$200m
31 Factory Logic Dec 2006 Lean scheduling and supply synchronization USA
30 Praxis Software Solutions Jul 2006 Web-based CRM and eCommerce USA
29 Frictionless Commerce May 2006 SRM software USA
28 Virsa Systems Apr 2006 Compliance solutions USA
27 SAP Systems Integration Dec 2005 Consulting services Germany
26 Callixa Nov 2005 Enterprise Integration Information software USA
25 Khimetrics Nov 2005 retail software USA
24 Triversity Sep 2005 POS software Canada
23 Lighthammer Jun 2005 Manufacturing Intelligence and Collaborative Manufacturing USA
22 DCS Quantum Feb 2005 Automotive Dealer Management United Kingdom
21 TomorrowNow Jan 2005 grey-market support USA
20 ilytix Jan 2005 SAP BusinessOne Business Intelligence Norway
19 A2i Jul 2004 Master Data Management USA
18 SPM Technologies Dec 2003 IT architecture consulting Germany
17 DCW Software Jul 2003 OS/400 Applications Germany
16 Guimachine Dec 2002 NetWeaver Visual Composer toolkit USA
15 IMHC May 2001 Integrated managed health care from IDS USA
14 Expression May 2002 real-time file sharing ?
13 Topmanage Feb 2002 SAP BusinessOne Suite Israel
12 Paynet International AG Dec 2001 Invoice Processing Germany
11 COPA GmbH Nov 2001 Beverage industry consulting Germany
10 Infinite Data Structures May 2001 Trade Management / CRM USA
9 Toptier Mar 2001 Enterprise Information Portal and Integration Infrastructure USA ~$400m
8 Prescient Consulting Feb 2001 Consulting services USA
7 In-Q-My Technologies GmbH 2000 J2EE Server Bulgaria
6 Campbell Software 1999 Workforce Management USA
5 AMC Development 1998 Call Center telephony integration software USA
4 OFEK-Tech 1998 Warehousing and distribution center software Israel
3 Kiefer & Veittinger 1997 Sales force Applications Germany
2 Dacos 1996 Retail solution Germany
1 Steeb 1991 Consulting services Germany

Business and Markets

As of 2007, SAP is the world's largest business software company and the third-biggest independent software provider by revenue. The corporation operates in four geographic regions: EMEA (Europe, Middle East, Africa), NA (United States and Canada), LAC (Latin America and Caribbean), and APJ (Asia Pacific and Japan).[29]

SAP focuses upon 25 industries and six industry sectors: process industries, discrete industries, consumer industries, service industries, financial services and public services.[30] It offers integrated product sets for large enterprises,[31] mid-sized companies and small businesses.[32]

Enterprise Service-Oriented Architecture

Service-oriented architecture has been incorporated into the SAP ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system and other products defined within the SAP Enterprise Services Architecture (Enterprise SOA).

Enterprise SOA

SAP Enterprise Service Oriented Architecture (or Enterprise SOA) is SAP SE's service-oriented architecture implementation.[33] Enterprise SOA is enabled by the SAP NetWeaver platform, and builds on the benefits of Web services. SAP has positioned Enterprise SOA to deliver the benefits offered by service-oriented architecture, including enabling both flexibility and business efficiency. SAP markets Enterprise SOA as a cost-effective way of adding new applications to existing infrastructure.[34] SAP Solutions that currently use Enterprise SOA are mySAP CRM, mySAP ERP, and mySAP SRM.

Partnerships

SAP partners include Global Services Partners with cross-industry multinational consulting capabilities,[35] Global Software Partners providing integrated products that complement SAP Business Suite solutions,[36] and Global Technology Partners providing user companies with a wide range of products to support SAP technology, including vendors of hardware, database, storage systems, networks, and mobile computing technology.[37]

Extensions partners: this is a small number of companies which provide functionality that complements SAP product capabilities. Their products are certified, sold, and supported by SAP. These partner companies include Adobe, CA Technologies, GK Software,[38] Hewlett-Packard, IDS Scheer, OpenText, Redwood Software, Vistex Inc., Insync Techfin Solution Ltd, Meridian Global Services, Knoa Software, Nakisa Inc, ICON-SCM, BackOffice Associates, Prometheus Group and SmartOps.[39][40]

SAP PartnerEdge

SAP products for small businesses and midsize companies are delivered through its global partner network. In 2008, SAP signed SAP Global Service partnership with HCL Technologies, a $6 billion technology service provider, headquartered in India.[41]

SAP PartnerEdge signed with ENFOS, Inc., a software as a service company, to develop their EcoHub Partner Sustainability Solution platform. The SAP PartnerEdge program, SAP's partner program, offers a set of business enablement resources and program benefits to help partners including value added resellers (VARs) and independent software vendors (ISVs) be profitable and successful in implementing, selling, marketing, developing and delivering SAP products to a broad range of customers.[42]

Communities

SAP Community Network (SCN) is a community of SAP customers, partners, employees, and influencers – typically in roles such as: developers, consultants, integrators, and business analysts – who gain and share knowledge about ABAP, Java, .NET, SOA, and other technologies, plus analytics and dashboards, business process best practices, cloud, mobile, big data, and a range of other topics via expert blogs, discussion forums, exclusive downloads and code samples, training materials, and a technical library.[43]

Organization

SAP uses a two-tier structure of boards, with an executive board and a supervisory board. As of 2015, members of the executive board were Bill McDermott (CEO and Chairman, joined in 2008), Robert Enslin (2014) Bernd Leukert (2014), Luka Mucic (CFO and COO, 2014), and Gerhard Oswald (1996).[44] Functional units of SAP are split across different organizational units for R&D needs, field activities and customer support. SAP Labs are mainly responsible for product development whereas the field organizations spread across each country are responsible for field activities such Sales, Marketing, Consulting etc. Head office located in SAP SE is responsible for overall management as well as core Engineering activities related to Product Development. SAP customer support, also called Active Global Support (AGS) is a global organization to provide support to SAP customers worldwide.[45]

SAP Labs locations

Main article: SAP Research
SAP Labs Latin America
Werner Brandt, Stefan Wagner, Luis César Verdi and Gerhard Oswald celebrating the expansion of SAP Labs Latin America
SAP Labs Israel

SAP Labs is the research and development organization of the parent company.[46] As of January 2011, some, but not all, labs locations hosted SAP Research groups.[47]

The labs are located in Germany, France, Ireland, Bulgaria and Hungary (in Europe); Palo Alto, California and La Crosse, Wisconsin in the United States; Bangalore, Pune and Gurgaon (in India); São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul (in Brazil); Ra'anana (in Israel); Montreal, Vancouver, Toronto and Waterloo (in Canada), and Shanghai, Nanjing, Chengdu, Xi'an and Beijing (in China). SAP Labs India[48] is the largest development unit in terms of number of employees outside the SAP headquarters located in Walldorf, Germany.[49]

SAP opened in June 2009 its new SAP Labs campus in Brazil, representing the first SAP Labs Center in Latin America and the eighth worldwide. SAP Labs Latin America has just received Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold certification for the building.[50]

SAP User Groups

SAP User Groups are independent, non-profit organizations of SAP customers and SAP partners. They serve as communications channel for their members towards SAP and for SAP towards the markets. The Americas' SAP Users’ Group (ASUG) is the company’s largest user group, with 100,000 individuals at 3,800 companies. ASUG members are professionals who work in more than 17 industries. Many are technical and business process experts in the SAP ecosystem; they have varied levels of experience, and come from small businesses to global corporations, as well as universities. In 2007, the SAP User Group Executive Network (SUGEN) was established.

SAP provoked controversy and frustration among its users in 2008 by raising the cost of its maintenance contracts. The issue was the subject of intense discussion among user groups.[51]

Conferences

SAP has two annual conferences: SAPPHIRE and SAP TechEd. SAPPHIRE is SAP's customer-facing event.[52][53] It is generally where SAP announces major product changes and strategic direction. It is typically held in the spring in North America.

SAP TechEd is the more technical conference, aimed at SAP's ecosystem of consultants and software development partners.[54][55] SAP TechEd has been held since 1995, usually in four locations in the fall. In 2014-15, SAP TechEd was held in three locations, between fall and early spring.

Competitive landscape

SAP competitors are primarily in the enterprise resource planning software industry. In this field, Oracle Corporation is SAP's major competitor. SAP also competes in the customer relationship management, marketing & sales software, manufacturing, warehousing & industrial software, and supply chain management & logistics software sectors.[56]

Oracle Corporation filed a lawsuit against SAP for malpractice and unfair competition in the California courts in 2007. SAP lost the case in 2010 and was ordered to pay a sum of US $1.3 billion, which was cited as the largest copyright infringement judgment in history.[57] The verdict was overturned in 2011[58] and the lawsuit was finally settled in 2014 for $356.7 million.[59]

The resulting pressure saw SAP and SUGEN (SAP User Group Executive Network) agree to a major benchmarking exercise to prove the value of the new support pricing policy to customers. In December 2009, SAP delayed its Enterprise Support price rises until agreement had been reached on the benchmarks and KPIs (Key Performance Indicators).[60]

In January 2010, SAP reversed its direction on Enterprise Support and reintroduced its standard support package for customers. The move to reinstate standard support – at 18 percent of annual license fees, "will enable all customers to choose the option that best meets their requirements", the company said.[61]

In August 2013, SAP acquired Hybris publicly for eCommerce capabilities after failing in a bid for Neolane. The rationale for the acquisition of Hybris was really for product catalog and product information management.[62]

Philanthropic efforts

In 2012, SAP was listed as a partner of the (RED) campaign, together with other brands such as Nike Inc., Girl, American Express and Converse. The campaign's mission is to prevent the transmission of the HIV virus from mother to child by 2015 (the campaign's byline is "Fighting for an AIDS Free Generation").[63]

SAP is funding a project[64] to assess and educate autistic children.[65] It has also launched an initiative to hire employees with autism and Asperger syndrome, citing their intelligence in the IT field and attention to detail; SAP aims to compose 1% of its workforce with autistic people by the year 2020. In May 2013, 6 people had been employed.[66]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "SAP Annual Report 2014". SAP AG. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 "SAP at a Glance: Company Information". Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  3. ↑ Frankfurt Stock Exchange
  4. ↑ Holmes, Edith. "IBM Opposes Retelling of Whole Xerox Story in Court", Computerworld, p. 42, 26 January 1976.
  5. ↑ "History of SAP AG". Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  6. ↑ International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 16. St James Press, 1997.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Staff. "SAP History: From Start-Up Software Vendor to Global Market Leader". Retrieved 10 October 2010.
  8. ↑ SAP UK – ICI Success Story, Sap.com (1 January 1999); retrieved 24 April 2011.
  9. ↑ "Standard Application Software for Real-time processing is developed".
  10. ↑ "success story of SAP".
  11. ↑ "seize new opportunities by SAP".
  12. ↑ "Vom Programmierbüro zum globalen Softwareproduzenten: Die Erfolgsfaktoren der SAP von der Gründung bis zum R/3-Boom, 1972 bis 1996". Chbeck.metapress.com. 14 November 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  13. ↑ Verespej, Michael A. (16 August 1999). "Why They're The Best". IndustryWeek (Penton Media, Inc.). Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  14. ↑ "STOXX Limited Announces Changes to its Blue-Chip Index Series" (PDF) (Press release). Stoxx. 1 September 2003. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  15. ↑ "Company Q & A". Investor Relations. SAP.com. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  16. ↑ "Answers on SAP upgradation to SAP S/4HANA".
  17. ↑ "SAP S4/HANA – the user, analyst and partner views", Diginomica.com, 3 February 2015.
  18. ↑ "Partner Quote Sheet: SAP Unveils the Next Generation of Enterprise Software with a New Business Suite, SAP S/4HANA", SAP Press Release, 3 February 2015.
  19. ↑ "SAP's S/4HANA Announcement and What ASUG Needs to Do", asugnews.com, 3 February 2015.
  20. ↑ "SAP Core Upgrade Soothes Analysts: New S/4HANA Software Could Help SAP Achieve Compound Annual Growth Rate of More Than 30%", The Wall Street Journal, 4 February 2015.
  21. ↑ "Analyst Questions Sales Numbers For SAP's 'Fastest-Growing' Product", Business Insider, 3 April 2015.
  22. ↑ Wong, Kenneth; Bass, Dina (23 May 2012). "SAP to Acquire Ariba for $4.3 Billion in Push Into Cloud". Bloomberg News.
  23. ↑ "SAP To Acquire Concur Technologies To Boost Cloud Sales". Forbes. 22 September 2014.
  24. ↑ Mahadevan, Neetha; Doerner, Stephan (19 September 2014). "SAP to Acquire Concur Technologies". The Wall Street Journal.
  25. ↑ "IBM and SAP Score Win Over Amazon". BusinessInsider. 14 October 2014.
  26. ↑ "IBM, SAP to Partner on Cloud Computing for Business". Fortune. 14 October 2014.
  27. ↑ "Microsoft and SAP Strengthen Ties with Mobile, Data, Cloud Partnership". TechCrunch. 19 May 2014.
  28. ↑ SAP Posts Strong 2014 Results, Cloud Business to Drive Future Growth , Forbes, 22 January 2015
  29. ↑ "Worldwide Office Directory of SAP".
  30. ↑ "Business in Brief: Markets". SAP. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  31. ↑ "Midmarket Solutions: SAP ALL-IN-ONE – Solutions for mid-size companies". Annual Report 2006. SAP.ocm. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  32. ↑ "Industry Solutions: Innovation – One Industry at a Time". Annual Report 2006. SAP.com. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  33. ↑ SAP - Enterprise Service-Oriented Architecture: Adoption Program, global.sap.com; accessed 27 May 2015.
  34. ↑ "When Does a Web Service Become an Enterprise Service?" by Dr Franz-Josef Fritz (SAP AG), SAP Insider, April–May–June 2004.
  35. ↑ SAP – Global & Local Partner Directories: Global Services Partners. SAP AG. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  36. ↑ SAP – Global & Local Partner Directories: Global Software Partners. Sap.com (30 June 2009). Retrieved on 7 July 2011.
  37. ↑ SAP – Global & Local Partner Directories: Global Technology Partners, go.sap.com; retrieved 7 July 2011.
  38. ↑ SAP Offers Retailers in North America a Full Range of Store Solutions to Optimize Their Businesses Through Extended Global Reseller Agreement With GK Software. sap-news.com (28 May 2013). Retrieved on 22 May 2015.
  39. ↑ Solution Extensions Software from, scn.sap.com; retrieved 24 April 2011.
  40. ↑ "LinguaNext". Facebook. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  41. ↑ SAP – HCL Technologies Announces Global Services Partnership With SAP to Deliver Joint Business Value Through ‘Customer Centric Ecosystem’, Sap.com; retrieved 7 July 2011.
  42. ↑ SAP – SAP Solutions for Small Businesses and Midsize Companies: Press Fact Sheet, July 2007. SAP.com; retrieved 7 July 2011.
  43. ↑ SAP – Communities. go.sap.com; retrieved 7 July 2011.
  44. ↑ Executive Board
  45. ↑ "SAP launches Global Support Center".
  46. ↑ "SAP Labs, LLC". Investing.businessweek.com. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  47. ↑ "SAP Global – SAP Research Locations: The Innovative Force behind Tomorrow's Technology". Sap.com. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  48. ↑ SAP India– SAP Labs, sap-labs-india.html; retrieved 24 April 2011.
  49. ↑ SAP Global – SAP Labs: Key To SAP's Success, Sap.com; retrieved 24 April 2011.
  50. ↑ "LEED Gold Rating 2011 for SAP Labs Latin America Campus".
  51. ↑ SAP faces user wrath over price hikes. Computerworlduk.com. Retrieved on 7 July 2011.
  52. ↑ "SAP unveils SuccessFactors cloud computing roadmap as it squares up to Oracle". V3.co.uk. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  53. ↑ "SAP Rolls Out Updates at SAPPHIRE". InternetNews. 17 June 2003. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  54. ↑ "SAP TechEd '05 in Bangalore". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 22 September 2005. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  55. ↑ "SAP TechEd to Go Deep on Mobility". Pcworld.com. 8 October 2010. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  56. ↑ Staff. "SAP Competitors".
  57. ↑ Levine, Dan (23 November 2010). "SAP to pay Oracle $1.3 billion in landmark decision". Reuters (Thomson Reuters). Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  58. ↑ "Oracle Verdict Against SAP Is Overturned". Associated Press. 1 September 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2015..
  59. ↑ "Oracle, SAP Settle Long-Running TomorrowNow Lawsuit". Reuters. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2015..
  60. ↑ SAP delays Enterprise Support price rises. Computerworlduk.com; retrieved 7 July 2011.
  61. ↑ SAP does U-turn on Enterprise Support. Computerworlduk.com; retrieved 7 July 2011.
  62. ↑ "SAP buys Hybris, gains customer experience, power", informationweek.com; accessed 27 May 2015.
  63. ↑ "(RED) Partners". (RED). The ONE Campaign. 14 October 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  64. ↑ SAP TV, SAP-TV.com; retrieved 26 July 2013.
  65. ↑ Prayas -Reinforcing Potential. Learn4autism.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-26.
  66. ↑ SAP in autism recruitment drive, BBC News, 22 May 2013.

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