List of Russian exonyms
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Below is a list of Russian language exonyms for places, mainly in Europe. Note that this list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym, some exonyms are marked as historical, modern exonyms may match the toponyms.
Native name | English name | Russian name |
---|---|---|
Shqipëria | Albania | Албания/Albaniya |
Österreich | Austria | Австрия/Avstriya |
Wien | Vienna | Вена/Vena |
Kärnten | Carinthia | Каринтия/Karintiya |
Steiermark | Styria | Штирия/Shtiriya |
België/Belgique/Belgien | Belgium | Бельгия/Bel'giya |
Vlaanderen | Flanders | Фландрия/Flandriya |
中國/中国 (Zhōngguó) | China | Китай/Kitay |
北京 (Běijīng) | Beijing | Пекин/Pekin (seldom: Бэйцзин/Beytszyn) |
Macau / 澳门/澳門 (Àomén) | Macau | Макао/Makao or Аомынь/Aomyn' |
南京 (Nánjīng) | Nanjing | Нанкин/Nankin (also: Наньцзин/Nan'tzin) |
La Habana | Havana | Гавана/Gavana |
Κύπρος (Kýpros) / Kıbrıs | Cyprus | Кипр/Kipr |
Αμμόχωστος (Ammóchōstos) / Gazimağusa | Famagusta | Фамагуста/Famagusta |
Λευκωσία (Lefkosia) / Lefkoşa | Nicosia | Никосия/Nikosiya |
Česko | Czech Republic | Чехия/Chekhiya |
Praha | Prague | Прага/Praga |
Čechy | Bohemia | Богемия/Bogemiya |
Morava | Moravia | Моравия/Moraviya |
Slezsko | Silesia | Силезия/Sileziya |
Sudety | Sudetenland | Судетская область/Sudetskaya oblast' (Судетенланд/Sudetenland) |
Danmark | Denmark | Дания/Daniya |
København | Copenhagen | Копенгаген/Kopengagen |
Jylland | Jutland | Ютландия/Yutlandiya |
مصر (Miṣr) | Egypt | Египет/Yegipet |
الإسكندرية (al-Iskandariyya) | Alexandria | Александрия/Aleksandriya |
القاهرة (al-Qāhira) | Cairo | Каир/Kair |
الأقصر (al-Uqṣur) | Luxor | Луксор/Luksor |
السويس as-Suways | Suez | Суэц/Suets |
Eesti | Estonia | Эстония/Estoniya |
Narva | Narva | Нарва, historically Ругодив/Rugodiv |
Tallinn | Tallinn | Таллин, historically Колывань/Kolyvan' |
Cannes | Cannes | Канны/Kanny |
Nice | Nice | Ницца/Nitsa |
Paris | Paris | Париж/Parizh |
Deutschland | Germany | Германия/Germaniya |
Bayern | Bavaria | Бавария/Bavariya |
Niedersachsen | Lower Saxony | Нижняя Саксония/Nizhnyaya Saksoniya |
Nordrhein-Westfalen | North Rhine-Westphalia | Северный Рейн-Вестфалия/Severnyy Rejn-Vestfaliya |
Oberlausitz | Upper Lusatia | Верхняя Лужица/Verkhnyaya Luzhica |
Pommern | Pomerania | Померания/Pomeraniya |
Preußen | Prussia | Пруссия/Prussiya |
Saarland | Saarland | Саар/Saar |
Sachsen | Saxony | Саксония/Saksoniya |
Sachsen-Anhalt | Saxony-Anhalt | Саксония-Анхальт/Saksoniya-Ankhal't |
Schlesien | Silesia | Силезия/Sileziya |
Schwaben | Swabia | Швабия/Shvabiya |
Vorpommern | Western Pomerania | Передняя Померания/Perednyaya Pomeraniya |
Ελλάδα (Elláda), Ελλάς (Ellás) | Greece | Греция/Gretsiya |
Athina/Αθήνα | Athens | Афины/Afiny |
Ioannina/Ιωάννινα | Ioannina | Янина/Yanina |
Kórinthos/Κόρινθος | Corinth | Коринф/Korinf |
Peiraiás/Πειραιάς | Piraeus | Пирей/Pirey |
Thiva/Θήβα | Thebes, Greece | Фивы/Fivy |
Thessaloniki/Θεσσαλονίκη | Thessaloniki | Салоники/Saloniki |
Kérkyra/Κέρκυρα | Corfu | Корфу/Korfu |
Thessalía/Θεσσαλία | Thessaly | Фессалия/Fessaliya |
Thráki/Θράκη | Thrace | Фракия/Frakiya |
تهران (Tehrān) | Tehran | Тегеран/Tegeran |
בֵּית לֶחֶם (Beit Lehem)/بَيْتِ لَحْمٍ (Bayt Laḥm) | Bethlehem | Вифлеем/Vifleyem |
יְרִיחוֹ (Yəriḥo)/أريحا (Ārīḥā) | Jericho | Иерихон/Iyerikhon |
ירושלים (Yerushaláyim) | Jerusalem | Иерусалим/Iyerusalim |
נָצְרַת, (Natzrat)/الناصرة (an-Nāṣira) | Nazareth | Назарет/Nazaret |
Firenze | Florence | Флоренция/Florentsiya |
Genova | Genoa | Генуя/Genuya |
Milano | Milan | Милан/Milan |
Napoli | Naples | Неаполь/Neapol' |
Padova | Padua | Падуя/Paduya |
Roma | Rome | Рим/Rim |
Torino | Turin | Турин/Turin |
日本 (Nihon/Nippon) | Japan | Япония/Yaponiya |
평양 (P'yŏngyang) | Pyongyang | Пхеньян/Pkhen'yan |
인천/仁川 (Incheon/Inch'ŏn) | Incheon | Инчхон/Inchkhon |
Koknese | Koknese | Кокнесе (Koknese), historically Кукейнос/Kukeinos |
Lietuva | Lithuania | Литва/Litva |
Kaunas | Kaunas | Каунас (Kaunas), historically Ковно/Kovno (before 1918) |
Vilnius | Vilnius | Вильнюс (Vilnius), historically Вильна/Vilna (before 1918), Вильно/Vilno (1918-1939) |
ليبيا (Lībiyā) | Libya | Ливия/Liviya |
طرابلس (Ṭarābulus) | Tripoli | Триполи/Tripoli |
Tombouctou/Tumbutu | Timbuktu | Тимбукту/Timbuktu |
Moldova | Moldova | Молдавия/Moldaviya |
Bălţi | Bălţi | Бельцы/Beltsy |
Basarabeasca | Basarabeasca | Бессарабка/Bessarabka |
Chişinău | Chişinău | Кишинёв/Kishinev (Kishinyov) |
Edineţ | Edineţ | Единцы/Edintsy |
Orhei | Orhei | Оргеев/Orgeyev |
Otaci | Otaci | Атаки/Ataki |
Soroca | Soroca | Сороки/Soroki |
Tighina | Tighina | Бендеры/Bendery |
Монгол улс (Mongol uls) | Mongolia | Монголия/Mongoliya |
Сүхбаатар (Sükhbaatar) | Sükhbaatar | Сухэ-Батор/Sukhe-Bator |
Улаанбаатар (Ulaanbaatar) | Ulan Bator | Улан-Батор/Ulan-Bator |
المغرب, (al-Maġrib) | Morocco | Марокко/Marokko |
الدار البيضاء (ad-Dār al-Bayḍāʼ) | Casablanca | Касабланка/Kasablanka |
طنجة (Ṭanja) | Tangier | Танжер/Tanzher |
Den Haag | The Hague | Гаага/Gaaga |
Polska | Poland | Польша/Pol'sha |
Białystok | Białystok | Белосток/Belostok |
Kraków | Kraków | Краков/Krakov |
Łódź | Łódź | Лодзь/Lodz' |
Galicja | Galicia (Eastern Europe) | Галиция/Galitsiya |
Kaszuby | Kashubia | Кашубия/Kashubiya |
Kujawy | Kujawy | Куявия/Kuyaviya |
Mazowsze | Masovia | Мазовия/Mazoviya |
Pomorze | Pomerania | Померания/Pomeraniya |
Śląsk | Silesia | Силезия/Sileziya |
Lisboa | Lisbon | Лиссабон/Lissabon |
România | Romania | Румыния/Rumyniya |
Botoșani | Botoșani | Ботошаны/Botoshany |
București | Bucharest | Бухарест/Bukharest |
Iași | Iași | Яссы/Yassy |
Србија, Srbija | Serbia | Сербия/Serbiya |
Beograd | Belgrade | Белград/Belgrad |
Sverige | Sweden | Швеция/Shvetsiya |
Stockholm | Stockholm | Стокгольм/Stokgol'm, historically Стекольня/Stekol'nya |
Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera, Svizra | Switzerland | Швейцария/Shveytsariya |
Genève, Genf | Geneva | Женева/Zheneva |
Lausanne | Lausanne | Лозанна/Lozanna |
Zürich | Zurich | Цюрих |
سورية (Sūriyya) | Syria | Сирия/Siriya |
دمشق (Dimašq) | Damascus | Дамаск/Damask |
ราชอาณาจักรไทย (Ratcha Anachak Thai) | Thailand | Таиланд/Tailand |
กรุงเทพฯ (Krung Thep) | Bangkok | Бангкок/Bangkok |
Türkiye | Turkey | Турция/Turtsiya |
Istanbul | Istanbul | Стамбул/Stambul, historically Царьград/Tsargrad |
Aşgabat | Ashgabat | Ашхабад/Ashkhabad |
Garabogaz | Garabogaz | Карабогаз/Karabogaz |
Guşgy (now Serhetabat) | Serhetabat | Кушка/Kushka |
Миколаїв (Mykolayiv) | Mykolaiv | Николаев/Nikolayev |
Одеса (Odesa) | Odesa | Одесса/Odessa |
England | England | Англия/Angliya |
Northern Ireland | Northern Ireland | Северная Ирландия/Severnaya Irlandiya |
Scotland | Scotland | Шотландия/Shotlandiya |
New Orleans | New Orleans | Новый Орлеан/Novyy Orlean |
Chicago | Chicago | Чикаго/Chikago |
Texas | Texas | Техас/Tekhas |
Names for most biblical toponyms are based on the Greek version; however, names for modern toponyms, even when derived from biblical names, are transliterated (e.g. Назаре́т, but Нацра́т-Илит).
See also
- List of European exonyms
- Names of Belarusian places in other languages
- Names of Lithuanian places in other languages
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