Egyptian Air Force

Egyptian Air Force
القوات الجوية المصرية
Egyptian Air Force emblem
Founded	1932 (as part of the army) 1937 (as an independent service) – present (84 years)
Country	Egypt
Allegiance	Egypt
Branch	Air Force
Type	Military aviation
Role	Aerial Warfare
Size	30,000 active (As of 2014)[1] 20,000 Reserve (As of 2014)[1] 1,136 aircraft (As of 2016)[2]
Part of	Egyptian Armed Forces
Garrison/HQ	Oruba street, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
Nickname(s)	Eagles protect Egypt's sky (EAF)
Motto	'Higher and higher for the sake of glory' (Arabic: إلى العلا في سبيل المجد‎, I‘la’ al-a‘là fī sabīl al-magd)
Colors	Cyan, Red, White and Black
March	Oh Eagles fever oh invaders sky
Mascot	Golden eagle
Anniversaries	14th of October[3]
Equipment	Egyptian military aircraft
Engagements	see History
Website	www.mod.gov.eg
Commanders
Commander-in-Chief	Air Marshal Younes Hamed
Chief of Air Staff	Fouaad Fouaad Abu el-Nasr[4]
Notable commanders	Hosni Mubarak Ahmed Shafik/Reda Hafez
Insignia
Air Force Ensign
Roundel/Marking
Aviator badge
Insignia	Egyptian Air Force ranks
Aircraft flown
Attack	F-16, Dassault Rafale , Alpha Jet MS.2, L-59
Electronic warfare	E-2HE2K, Beechcraft 1900, C-130, Commando Mk.2E, Mi-8
Fighter	F-16, Mirage-2000, Mirage V , Dassault Rafale
Attack helicopter	AH-64 Apache, Mil Mi-8, Aérospatiale Gazelle SA-342
Interceptor	F-16 Fighting Falcon, Mirage 2000, Dassault Rafale , J-7
Patrol	Beechcraft 1900, SA-342
Reconnaissance	M-324, Mi-8, Mirage V
Trainer	K-8, EMB 312, G-115, UH-12
Transport	C-130, C-295, An-74

The Egyptian Air Force (EAF) (Arabic: القوات الجوية المصرية‎, Al-Qūwāt al-Gawwīyä al-Miṣrīyä), is the aviation branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces. The EAF is headed by an Air Marshal (Lieutenant General equivalent). Currently, the commander of the Egyptian Air Force is Air Marshal Younes Hamed. The force's motto is 'Higher and higher for the sake of glory' (Arabic: إلى العلا في سبيل المجد‎, I‘la’ al-a‘là fī sabīl al-magd).

The Egyptian Army Air Service was formed in 1932, and became an independent air force in 1937. It had little involvement in the Second World War. From 1948 to 1973 it took part, with generally mediocre results, in four separate wars with Israel, as well as the quasi-War of Attrition. It also supported the Egyptian Army during the North Yemen Civil War and the Libyan-Egyptian War of 1977. From 1977 to 2011 it saw virtually no combat, but has participated in numerous exercises, including Operation Bright Star since 1985. In recent years the Air Force has acted in the Sinai Insurgency, the Libyan Civil War and the Intervention in the Yemen.

The Air Force's backbone are 220 F-16 Fighting Falcon fighters. The Egyptian Air Force is the 4th largest operator of F-16s in the world, after the United States, Israel, and Turkey.^[5]

History

Establishment

In late 1928, the Parliament of Egypt proposed the creation of an Egyptian Air Force. The Egyptian ministry of war announced that it needed volunteers for the new arm to become the first four Egyptian military pilots. Over 200 Egyptian officers volunteered, but in the end only three succeeded in passing strict medical tests and technical examinations.

These three went to RAF Station Abu Sueir Royal Air Force No 4 Flying Training School (No 4 FTS) located near the Suez Canal, where they were trained on a variety of aircraft. After graduation, they travelled to the United Kingdom for specialised training.

On 2 November 1930, the King of Egypt and Sudan, Fuad I announced the creation of the Egyptian Army Air Force (EAAF). On 27 May 1931 the Egyptian Council of Ministers approved the purchase of five aircraft and the building of an airfield at Almaza with a budget of 50,000 pounds. The aircraft chosen was the British de Havilland Gipsy Moth trainer, the five modified aircraft were flown from England to Egpyt and on arrival in May 1932 the air force was founded and the Almaza airfield was formally opened.

The first commander of the EAAF was Squadron Leader Victor Hubert Tait RAF, a Canadian, former Senior Air Advisor on the British Military Mission in Egypt. Tait selected staff, weapons and built a number of airfields. In 1934 the British government provided ten Avro 626 aircraft, which were the first real Egyptian military planes. A further 17 626s together with Hawker Audaxes for army cooperation and close support and Avro Ansons for VIP work followed shortly afterward.

In 1937 the Egyptian Army Air Force was separated from the Army Command and became an independent branch named the Royal Egyptian Air Force (REAF). New stations were built in the Suez Canal Zone, and the Western Desert.

During 1938 the REAF received two squadrons of Gloster Gladiator biplane fighters and a squadron of then-modern Westland Lysander reconnaissance aircraft, Egypt was the last state to use the Lysander in action, during the Palestine War of 1948.

Second World War

As the Egyptian border was threatened by an Italian and German invasion during the Second World War, the Royal Air Force established more airfield in Egypt. The Royal Egyptian Air Force was sometimes treated as a part of the Royal Air Force, at other times a strict policy of neutrality was followed as Egypt maintained its official neutrality until very late in the war. As a result, few additional aircraft were supplied by Britain, however the arm did receive its first modern fighters, Hawker Hurricanes and a small number of Curtiss P-40 Tomahawks. In the immediate post-war period, cheap war surplus aircraft, including a large number of Supermarine Spitfire Mk.IXs were acquired.

A roughly 1946 order of battle for the Air Force can be found in Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II.

1948 Arab-Israeli War

Following the British withdrawal from the British Protectorate of Palestine and the establishment of the State of Israel on 14 May 1948, Egyptian forces crossed into Palestine as part of a wider Arab League military coalition in support of the Palestinians against the Israelis. The Egyptian Air Force contribution included the Short Stirling bomber,^[6] Douglas C-47 Dakotas performing as light bombers and Spitfires.

Two Israeli aircraft were shot down and on 22 May 1948, Egyptian Spitfires attacked the RAF airfield at Ramat David, believing the airfield had already been taken over by Israeli forces. The first raid surprised the British, and resulted in the destruction of several RAF aircraft on the ground, and the deaths of four airmen. The British were uncertain whether the attacking Spitfires had come from Arab or Israeli forces. When second and third raids followed shortly afterwards, the British were ready and the entire Egyptian force was shot down – the last aircraft being baited for some time as the RAF pilots attempted to get a close look at its markings.

Relations with Britain were soon restored and the official state of war with Israel ensured that arms purchases continued. New Spitfire Mk. 22s were purchased to replace the earlier models. In late 1949, Egypt received its first jet fighter, the British Gloster Meteor F4 and shortly after de Havilland Vampire FB5s.

The Egyptians made continuous attempts to purchase heavy arms from Czechoslovakia years before the 1955 deal.^[7] The Egyptian Government was determined to move away from reliance on British armaments.

In 1955, under President Gamal Abdel Nasser, Egypt began acquiring weaponry, including aircraft, from the Soviet Union. Initial Soviet deliveries included MiG-15 fighters, Ilyushin Il-28 bombers, Il-14 transports, and Yak-11 trainers. Instructors from Czechoslovakia accompanied these aircraft. This period in the Egyptian Air Force's history also yielded the first indigenous aircraft production as the country began manufacturing its own Czechoslovak-designed Gomhouria Bü 181 Bestmann primary trainers.

The Tripartite Aggression

After the Egyptian Government's nationalisation of the Suez Canal in 1956, Egypt was attacked by Israel, France, and the United Kingdom in what came to be known as the Suez Crisis. Heavy losses were sustained by the Egyptian side. The conflict, though devastating militarily, turned out to be a political victory for Egypt, and resulted in the total withdrawal of the tri-nation aggressor forces from the country. It also forced the EAF to begin rebuilding with non-British help.

In 1958, Egypt merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic, and the previously separate Egyptian, and Syrian forces were combined as the United Arab Republic Air Force. Though Syria left the union in 1961, Egypt continued to use the union's official name until 1971, including for its air force.

By the mid-1960s, British aircraft had been replaced completely by Soviet hardware. The Soviet Union became the principal supplier of the EAF, and many other Arab states. This allowed the EAF to greatly modernise and boost its combat effectiveness. The MiG-21 Fishbed arrived in the early 1960s, bringing with it a Mach 2 capability. The MiG-21 would remain Egypt's primary fighter for the next two decades. In 1967, Egypt had 200 MiG-21s. The EAF also began flying the Sukhoi Su-7 fighter/bomber in the mid-1960s.

Egypt also began the Helwan HA-300 as its first supersonic aircraft. It never went beyond its 3 prototypes and initial test flights, then was abandoned due to high military cost inflicted upon the Egyptian military involvement in the Yemen War and the defeat in the 1967 war with Israel.

The Yemen War

The Yemeni Royalist side received support from Saudi Arabia, and Jordan, while the Yemeni Republicans were supported by Egypt. The fighting was fierce, featuring heavy urban combat as well as battles in the countryside. Both foreign irregular and conventional forces were also involved.

Strategically, the Yemen War was an opportunity for Israel. It stagnated Egyptian military plans for the reinforcement of Sinai, by shifting the Egyptian military focus to another theater of operation. Egyptian historian Mohammed Heikal writes that Israel provided arms shipments and also cultivated relationships with hundreds of European mercenaries fighting for the Royalists in Yemen. Israel established a covert air-supply bridge from Djibouti to North Yemen. The war also gave the Israelis the opportunity to assess Egyptian combat tactics and adaptability.

Egyptian air and naval forces began bombing and shelling raids in the Saudi southwestern city of Najran and the coastal town of Jizan, which were staging points for royalist forces. In response, the Saudis purchased a British Thunderbird air defense system and developed their airfield in Khamis Mushayt. Riyadh also attempted to convince the United States to respond on its behalf. President Kennedy sent only a wing of jet fighters and bombers to Dhahran Air base, demonstrating to Egypt the seriousness of his commitment to defending U.S. interests in Saudi Arabia.

The Six-Day War

In the 1967 Six-Day War the EAF's combat capacity was severely damaged after the Israeli Air Force destroyed its air bases in a preemptive strike codenamed Operation Focus. During the last four days the EAF conducted only 150 sorties against Israeli units throughout the Sinai.^[8] After the war, the Soviet Union replenished EAF stocks, sending large numbers of aircraft and advisors to Egypt to revitalise the EAF.

The War of Attrition

The years between 1967 and 1970 involved a prolonged campaign of attrition against Israel. The EAF went through a massive construction program to build new air bases in order to increase its survivability. During this period Egypt also received replacements for losses it suffered during the Six Day War. The EAF was the first branch of the Egyptian armed forces to achieve full combat readiness.

On 15 July 1967, six Israeli Mirage III fighters violated Egyptian airspace and orders were given for two formations each consisted of two MiG-21 fighters to intercept, another formation of 2 MiGs piloted by Major Fawzy Salama & Lieutenant Medhat Zaki was ready in West Cairo airbase. Indeed, the formation took off, but for protecting the airbase rather than supporting the interception.

However Maj. Fawzy insisted on supporting the Egyptians already engaging Israeli fighters and ordered his wingman to follow him. Once the reinforcement arrived Israeli Mirages immediately broke out of the fight.

October War 1973

The EAF was involved in the raid with over 220 aircraft taking part in the initial phase. Unlike their Syrian counterparts, EAF aircraft evaded Israeli radars by flying below detection height. EAF aircraft were held in reserve after that point, mainly concentrating on airfield defence in conjunction with the SA-3 'Goa', while the more mobile SA-6 'Gainful' protected Egyptian forces at low and medium level, aided by the ZSU-23-4SP and shoulder-held SA-7 SAMs.

Despite these limitations, the EAF conducted offensive sorties from time to time. The Su-7BM was used for quick strafe attacks on Israeli columns and the Mirage IIIE (sometimes confused with the Mirage 5), donated by Libya, carried out long-range attacks deep inside Sinai at Bir Gifgafa.

However, when Israeli armoured forces used a gap between the two Egyptian armies to cross the Suez Canal (Operation Stouthearted Men), they destroyed several Egyptian SAM sites, forcing the EAF into battle against the IAF. The EAF claimed victories and continued to contest IAF operations, while also launching attacks on Israeli ground forces on the East Bank of the Suez Canal. In most of these engagements, Egyptian MiG-21s (of all types) challenged Israeli Mirage IIICJs or Neshers.^[9]

The IAF did not operate freely and did not have complete air supremacy it enjoyed during the previous conflict, the 1967 war. Egyptian MiGs were used with better efficiency than before which included the tactics and lessons learned from the 1967 war.^[10]

It was during this war that the EAF applied the lessons it earlier learnt from the Israelis. A 32-year-old deputy MiG-21 regiment commander who has been flying since he was 15 recalls: "During the war of attrition, the Israeli air force had a favorite ambush tactic", he told Aviation Week and Space Technology. "They would penetrate with two aircraft at medium altitude where they would be quickly picked up by radar, We would scramble four or eight to attack them. But they had another dozen fighters trailing at extremely low altitude below radar coverage. As we climbed to the attack they would zoom up behind and surprise us. My regiment lost MiGs to this ambush tactic three times. But we learned the lesson and practiced the same tactics. In the final fights over Deversoir, we ambushed some Mirages the same way, and my own 'finger four' formation shot down four Mirages with the loss of one MiG."^[11]

El-Mansourah air battle

On 14 October 1973, Israel launched a large scale raid with over 250 aircraft – F-4 Phantoms and A-4 Skyhawks – attempting to hit the large air base at el-Mansourah. It culminated in an almost continuous dogfight lasting no less than 53 minutes. According to Egyptian estimates over 180 aircraft were involved at one time, the majority belonging to the Israelis. At 10 pm local time, Cairo Radio broadcast "Communiqué Number 39", announcing that there had been several air battles that day over a number of Egyptian airfields, that most intensive being over the northern Delta area. It also claimed that 15 enemy aircraft had been downed by Egyptian fighters for the loss of three Egyptian aircraft, while an even greater number of Israelis had been shot down by the Army and the Air Defense Forces over Sinai and the Suez Canal. For its part, Israel Radio claimed, early the following morning, that the IAF had shot down 15 Egyptian aircraft, a figure subsequently reduced to seven.^[12]

Later on, the Egyptian Government changed the country’s "Air Force Day" from 2 November to 14 October, to commemorate the Mansourah air battle.^[12]

Shaba I

During the Shaba I crisis in Zair on 1977, Egyptian Air Force provided 50 pilots and technicians, which operated Mirage jets from the Zairian Air Force.

Libyan-Egyptian War

During the 1977 Libyan-Egyptian War, there were some skirmishes between Libyan and Egyptian fighters.^[13] In one instance, two Libyan Air Force MiG-23MS engaged two EAF MiG-21MFs that had been upgraded to carry Western weaponry. The Libyan pilots made the mistake of trying to manoeuvre with the more nimble Egyptian fighters, and one MiG-23MS was shot down by EAF Maj. Sal Mohammad, while the other Libyan aircraft used its speed advantage to escape.

Sinai Insurgency

The Egyptian Air Force operated on a large scale during the Sinai insurgency which commenced in 2011. AH-64 Apache helicopters and F-16 jet fighters bombed numerous militant targets on almost a daily basis.

2014 Libyan Civil Conflict

During the 2014 Libyan Civil Conflict there were conflicting reports that Egyptian warplanes bombed Islmaist militias in support of the government based in Tobruk. The foreign ministry denied any involvement in the conflict although unnamed Egyptian military officials claimed otherwise.^[14]

2015 airstrikes in Libya

On the dawn of 16 February 2015, Egyptian war planes launched an intensive air strike on multiple Islamic State positions that included weapons caches and training camps. The air strikes came in response for the execution of 21 Egyptian workers by masked militants affiliated to the Islamic State. The Egyptian airstrikes killed 64 Islamic State fighters, including three of the leadership, in the coastal cities of Derna and Sirte, the Libyan army said.^[15]

2015 military intervention in Yemen

As a part of a Saudi-led joint regional military operation, the Egyptian Air Force participated in airstrikes against Houthis in Yemen.

The Egyptian air force supported pro-government forces when they attacked al-Anad airbase south of Yemen. "EAF and paratroopers aerial supported Yemeni ground forces who have now seized the military base killing scores of Houthi rebels.^[16]

Training

Operation Bright Star

Since 1977 the Air Force has seen little active service. Perhaps its most intense training opportunity has become Operation Bright Star, a U.S. Central Command exercise. From 1985 onwards the air forces of both the U.S. and Egypt started participating in what was previously an Army only bilaterial exercise. Starting in 1987 the Navies and Special Operations Forces from both countries have also taken part in the exercise. At least nine other states now take part.

Faisal Maneuvers

Faisal Maneuvers is an air tactical military exercises conducted by the air forces of Egypt and Saudi Arabia. And it is alternately between the two countries, with the aim of exchanging expertise and training to raise the efficiency of the forces involved. It aims to plan and manage the work of a joint fighting between the Royal Saudi Air Force and the Egyptian Air Force, and do multirole combat aircraft from both sides with training on the defense and attack the joint work on the vital targets hostile, and provide administrative and technical support for joint forces.

Ain Jalout Maneuvers

Ain Jalout Maneuvers is an air tactical military exercises conducted by the air forces of Egypt and Jordan. The exercises are held every two years between the two countries in Jordan with the participation of the latest fighter jets and air it since it began in 2000. It aims to plan and manage the work of a joint fighting between the Royal Jordanian Air Force and the Egyptian Air Force, and do multirole combat aircraft from both sides with training on the defense and attack the joint work on the vital targets hostile, and provide administrative and technical support for joint forces.

Upgrade and development

The Camp David Accords caused a gradual change in the overall composition of the EAF. The EAF began to rely more on US, French and in some cases on Chinese aircraft. The addition of these aircraft from multiple sources along with the ones already in the EAF inventory caused increasing serviceability problems. In 1982, the EAF began receiving F-16 fighters under the Peace Vector Program. As of 2015, the EAF received a total of 220 F-16s. 18 aircraft were lost in accidents and 7 F-16A/Bs were grounded. These grounded F-16A/Bs were later overhauled, upgraded and returned to active service, additional F-16s were acquired to replace those lost. In 1986, the EAF received the French Mirage 2000 fighters, one was lost in a training accident. Egypt also license-built Alphajets, Tucano airplanes and Westland Gazelle helicopters. In 1987 the E-2C Hawkeye Airborne Early Warning (AEW) entered service and was upgraded with advanced AN/APS-145 radars. The EAF also upgraded its F-16 fighters to C/D standard that enabled them to fire the AGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missile.

The EAF currently operates 46 AH-64 Apache attack helicopters 36 of which were initially delivered as the AH-64A variant but were later upgraded to AH-64D standard.^[17] On 22 May 2009, Egypt requested the purchase of 36 Apache Arrowhead sensor systems as part of an order for 12 Block II AH-64D Apache helicopters. The number was later reduced to 10 Helicopters.

The Egyptian Navy recently received the SH-2G Seasprite to supplement their Sea King and Gazelle helicopters.^[18] 74 Grob G-115's and 120 K-8 Karakorum trainers were also ordered.^[18]

Modernization

During the late 1990s, then Air Marshal Ahmed Shafik (the former Civil Aviation minister until 2011) outlined an ambitious modernization program for the Egyptian Air Force in the 21st century. The EAF planned to obtain the modern technology it needed to deter any foreign aggression, help its allies and protect national security interests. This modernization included the integration of space and air reconnaissance systems, acquisition of airborne command and control capability, aerial refueling capability, advanced next generation fighters and heavy transport aircraft.

Egypt made several deals with Ukrainian companies for the modernization of its old MiG-21 fleet but these deals were not implemented and no future plans to modernize the fleet of Mig-21s were put in place.

On 3 March 2010, The EAF ordered 20 Lockheed Martin F-16C/D Block 52 aircraft.^[19] The contract was set to complete in 2013 and included 16 single-seat F-16C and four twin-seat F-16D aircraft.

On 14 August 2012, the US pushed the F-16 project for to ensure full cooperation with the new military leadership. The Defense Department awarded a major contract to facilitate the procurement of F-16s by the EAF. The Pentagon selected American International Contractors for a $66.6 million contract to upgrade infrastructure for Egypt’s order of 20 F-16 Block 52 aircraft, estimated at $2.2 billion.^[20] On 24 July 2013, the U.S. announced it would halt deliveries of the F-16s in response to the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.^[21] In March, 2015 the US announced the resumption of the deliveries of the F-16s, the last of which was delivered in October, 2015.^[22][23]

On 16 February 2015, Egypt became the Rafale's first international customer when it officially ordered 24 Rafales,^[24] as part of a larger deal (including a FREMM multipurpose frigate and a supply of missiles) worth US$5.9 billion (€5.2 billion).^[25][26][27] In July 2015, the official ceremony, marking the acceptance by Egypt of its first 3 Rafales, was held at the Dassault Aviation flight test center in Istres.^[28] In January 2016, Egypt received three more Rafale fighters, raising the number of Rafales in service to six. ^[29] All six aircraft are two-seat models and were diverted from delivery to the French Air Force; Egypt's total 24-plane order is for 8 single-seat models and 16 two-seaters.^[30]

In April 2014, it was reported that Egypt plans to order 24 MiG-35 fighters as part of an arms deal.^[31][32] MiG head Sergei Korotkov said at the 2015 Aero India exposition they will provide the fighters if Egypt orders them and are ready to negotiate.^[33] Russia agreed on a contract with Egypt for 46 MiG-35 fighters and is expected to be worth up to $2 billion.^[34][35][36] Russia plans to supply the Egyptian MiG-35s with 40 high precision targeting pods. Deliveries would begin in 2016.^[37]

Russia and Egypt signed a contract for delivery of 50 Ka-52 helicopters.^[38] The Ka-52 will be equipped with the new OES-52 targeting system allowing it to launch Vikhr and Ataka anti-tank missiles using laser target direction systems. The execution of the contract will start in 2016 until 2018.^[39][40]

SAGEM and AOI-Aircraft Factory have signed a collaboration agreement concerning the Patroller UAV. AOI-Aircraft Factory could handle final assembly of the drones and will develop a dedicated training center in Egypt to train staff for the operation and maintenance of the drone systems.^[41]

Future

Egypt is in an advanced stage of negotiations for the purchase of the Russian strategic airlifter Il-76MD-90A. The first export contracts of the aircraft will be signed within 4–6 months after the MAKS-2015 Airshow.^[42]

Airbus Defence and Space received from Egypt its first order of A400M. Egypt asked the company to have the A400M as soon as possible.^[43][44]

Rosoboronexport and the Russian Helicopters holding are engaged in consultations with their Egyptian partners concerning a possible acquisition of Kamov Ka-52K ship-based helicopters for the 2 Mistral-class helicopter carriers that Egypt has agreed to buy from France.^[45] An Egyptian Air Force delegation had access to the helicopter before the official opening of the MAKS- 2015.^[46]

The Egyptian Navy is under negotiations for the purchase of a significant number of NH90 helicopters. Egypt may choose between the tactical transport (TTH) and naval (NFH) versions, or a mix of the two. The NFH can operate from Gowind-class corvettes or FREMM frigates, and both variants can be based on Mistral-class helicopter carriers.^[47]

Egypt plans to purchase two French military satellites. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi is working towards signing a deal with Thales Alenia Space to purchase an observation satellite and a military telecommunications satellite. The contract of the deal amounts to approximately one billion euros for the two satellites.^[48]

Structure

Egyptian Air Force still has a largely Soviet-era structure, with the air force controller of aircraft and the Air Defence Command being responsible for ground-based radars and anti-aircraft weapons.

Remanufactured form U.S. Navy stocks, and are the only SH-2s to be equipped with dipping sonar. First deliveries were in 1977, and an upgrade programme is under way for completion by 2011. The Egyptian navy deploys the SH-2s aboard four frigates.

The Egyptian government operates it own fleet of VIP transport aircraft independent of the air force. Some 35,000 personnel serve in The Egyptian air force, with the majority of aircrew being long-term professionals.

Order of battle^[49]

Silver Stars

Silver Stars is the Egyptian Air Force aerobatic display team flying 10 K-8E Karakorum jet trainer aircrafts painted in white, red and black colors. All planes are equipped with white, red and blue smoke generators.

During the shows, the Silver Stars performs eight different formations along with several single aircraft passes. Aircraft #6325 (Star 1) carries the name "Mostafa" after the team leader. Another team's planes also carried the pilots names painted at the K-8 nose. All pilots are flying instructors at The Egyptian Air Academy based in Belbeis Airport.

The Egyptian Air Force demonstration team "The Silver Stars" was formed in the mid of 1974 to participate at "October War" victory anniversary. Pilots of the team were flying instructors at the Air force College and flew four L-29 planes painted in dark green and brown and yellow - standard color scheme.

In 1984, the Sliver Stars aerobatic team switched to six Alpha Jet training airplanes. In the following year, team's planes became nine. In 2003, the team made the switch to the K-8E Karakorum trainer and from 2005 was led by Group Captain Mostafa Fathi. Since 2010, the team is now flying ten aircraft - nine plus one solo.

Aircraft

Historical aircraft

Current inventory

Type	Origin	Class	Role	Introduced	In service	Total	Notes
Aero L-59 Super Albatros	Czechoslovakia	Jet	Trainer		47	48	[50]
Alpha Jet	Egypt	Jet	Attack/trainer		45	45	[50]
Antonov An-74	Ukraine	Jet	Transport		3	3	[51]
AgustaWestland AW109	Italy	Rotorcraft	Utility		3		[50]
AgustaWestland AW139	Italy	Rotorcraft	Utility		2		[52]
Beechcraft 1900	USA	Jet	Transport/patrol		10		[50]
Beechcraft Super King Air	USA	Jet	Transport		1	1	[50]
Boeing AH-64 Apache	USA	Rotorcraft	Attack		44		[53]
Boeing CH-47 Chinook	USA	Rotorcraft	Transport		19	19	[50]
C-295	Spain	Propeller	Transport		24	24	[54]
Chengdu J-7	China	Jet	Fighter		60	150	[50]
DHC-5 Buffalo	Canada	Propeller	Transport		8		[50]
Dassault Mirage 5	France	Jet	Fighter	1973	82	82	[50]
Dassault Mirage 2000	France	Jet	Multirole		18	20	[50]
Dassault Rafale	France	Jet	Multirole		6	6	[55]
EMB 312 Tucano	Egypt	Propeller	Trainer		54	134	[50]
Grob G-115 Tutor	Germany	Propeller	Trainer		74		[50]
K-8 Karakorum	Egypt	Jet	Trainer		120	120	[50]
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon	USA	Jet	Multirole		220	240	[56]
Lockheed C-130 Hercules	USA	Propeller	Transport		26	30	[50]
Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye	USA	Propeller	Patrol		9		[57]
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21	USSR	Jet	Fighter		56	490+	[50]
Mil Mi-8/Mil Mi-17	USSR/Russia	Rotorcraft	Transport		60		[50]
Aerospatiale SA-342 Gazelle	Egypt	Rotorcraft	Utility		90	108	[50]
Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite	USA	Rotorcraft	Attack/patrol		13		[50]
Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk	USA	Rotorcraft	Transport/utility		2		[50]
Westland Sea King	UK	Rotorcraft	Transport/patrol		23		[50]

Future aircraft

Type	Origin	Class	Role	Introduced	In service	Total	Notes
Mikoyan MiG-35	Russia	Jet	Multirole	2016	0	50	[58][59]
Kamov Ka-52	Russia	Rotorcraft	Attack	2017	0	46	[60]
Kamov Ka-52K	Russia	Rotorcraft	Attack		0		[61]
Mil Mi-35	Russia	Rotorcraft	Attack/transport		0		[62]

Planned aircraft

Type	Origin	Class	Role	Introduced	In service	Total	Notes
Airbus A400M Atlas	Spain	Propeller	Transport		0	12	[63]
Ilyushin Il-76	Russia	Jet	Transport		0		[64]
NHIndustries NH90	France	Rotorcraft	Attack/patrol		0		[65]

Presidential and governmental (VIP) fleet

In addition to Air Force aircraft, a number of aircraft are directly under government control to transfer the President of Egypt, presidential logistics, the Prime Minister and members of the government, including:

Airplane	Origin	Number
Airplane
Airbus A340	France	1
Beechcraft Super King Air	USA	4
Boeing 707	USA	1
Boeing 737	USA	4
Dassault Falcon 20	France	3
Gulfstream III	USA	2
Gulfstream IV	USA	4
VC-130H Hercules	USA	1
Helicopter
Sikorsky H-3 Sea King	USA	2
Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk	USA	2
Westland Commando MK-2B	UK	2

UAVs and target drones

UAV

• CH-4B - UCAV ^[66][67]
• CAIG Wing Loong - MALE UCAV ^[68]
• Patroller - MALE UAV ^[69]
• Model-324 Scarab - UAV
• R4E-50 Sky Eye - UAV
• ASN-209 - UAV
• ASN-15 - UAV
• Camcopter - UAV ^[70]
• Aeryon Scout - UAV
• Lipán M3 - UAV
• Yarará - UAV
• Nostromo Caburé - UAV

Target drone

• Kader - Target drone ^[71]
• SAHM-1 - Target drone
• Meggitt Banshee - Target drone
• MQM-107 Streaker - Target drone

Aircraft insignia

The Roundel of the EAF consists of three circles, with the outside one being red, the middle one white, and the inner one being black, matching the Egyptian flag. Former roundels of the EAF included a similar variant with two green stars used from 1961 to 1973, and one with the old Egyptian crescent and three stars on a green background. Changes in markings reflect political changes.

Roundels

1932 — 1932	1932 — 1932	1932 — 1945	1945 — 1958	1958 — 1972	1984–present

Tail marking

1932 — 1932	1932 — 1945	1945 — 1958	1958 — 1972	1972 — 1984	1984–present

Egyptian Air Force ranks

Egyptian Air Force ranks
	Commissioned Officers & Enlisted personnel
Shoulder straps	—-
Patches	Aircraftman	Corporal	Sergeant	Master Sergeant	Pilot Officer	Flying Officer	Flight Lieutenant	Squadron Leader	Wing Commander	Group Captain	Air Commodore	Air Vice-Marshal	Air Marshal	Air Chief Marshal
Code NATO	OF-1	OF-2	OF-3	OF-4	OF-5	OF-6	OF-7	OF-8	OF-9	OF-10	OF-11	OF-12	OF-13	OF-14

Bases

Egyptian Air Force of the Egyptian Armed Forces
Components
Egyptian Air Force Egyptian Naval Aviation
History
History
Aircraft
List of EAF aircraft Timeline of aircraft of the EAF
Structure
Order of battle
Personnel
Egyptian Air Force ranks

Source:Scramble.nl

• 242nd Tactical Fighter Wing (Beni Suef)
  • 68th Training fighters squadron
  • 70th Training fighters squadron
• 262nd Tactical Fighter Wing (Abu Suwayr Air Base)
  • 60th Training fighters squadron
• 104th Fighter Brigade (Al Mansourah)
  • 22nd Squadron
  • 45th Squadron
  • 49th Squadron
• 545th Tactical Helicopter Wing (El Nouzha Airport, Alexandria)
  • 7th Squadron
  • 11th Squadron
  • 37th Squadron
• 550th Attack Helicopter Brigade
  • 51st squadron (Wadi Al Jandali)
  • 52nd squadron (Az Zaqaziq/Abu Hamad)

Bilbeis Air Base

• 117 Primary Training Brigade
• 117 Basic Training Brigade
  • 83rd squadron
  • 84th squadron
  • 85th squadron
• Air Navigation School

Tanta Air Base

• 236 FGA Brigade
  • 69th squadron
  • 73rd squadron

Almaza Air Force Base

• 516 Transport Brigade
  • 2nd squadron
  • 40th squadron
  • ... squadron
  • ... squadron
• .... Transport Brigade

Cairo Air Base

• .. Transport Brigade
  • 4th squadron
  • 16th squadron

Cairo West Air Base

• 601 AEW Brigade
  • 87th squadron
• 222 Tact Fighter Brigade
  • 76th squadron
  • 78th squadron

El Minya Air Base

• Weapon Training Brigade
  • ..squadron
• Flying Training Brigade
  • 201 squadron
• .. Helicopter Training Brigade
  • .. squadron

Fayed Air Base

• 282 Tactical Fighter Wing
  • 86th TFS squadron
  • 88th FTS squadron

Gebel el Basur Air Base

• 252 Tactical Fighter Wing
  • 71st squadron
  • 82nd squadron
• 203 Tactical Fighter Wing
  • 34th squadron "Wolves" on Rafale

Hurghada Air Base

• 53rd Helicopter Brigade
  • .. squadron
• .. Fighter Brigade
  • ... squadron

Inshas Air Base

• 232 Tact Fighter Wing
  • 72nd TFS squadron

Gianaclis New Air Base

• 272 Tact Fighter Wing
  • 75th TFS squadron
  • 77th TFS squadron
  • 79th TFS squadron
• 546 ECM Brigade
  • 81st squadron

Kom Oshim Air Base

• .. ECM Brigade
  • ... squadron
  • ... squadron
• 53. Helicopter Brigade
  • 7th squadron
  • 18th squadron

Marsa Matrouh Air Base

• 102 Tactical Fighter Brigade
  • 26th squadron
  • 82nd squadron

Wadi al Jandali Air Base

• Flying Training Air Squadron
  • ... FTS squadron

Commanders

The following individuals have had command of the Egyptian Air Force:^[72]

Royal Egyptian Air Force commanders

• 1932 to 1936 Squadron Leader Victor Hubert Tait^[73][74]
• list incomplete
• 6 July 1939 to 20 August 1939 Ali Islam^[75]
• 20 August 1939 to 21 October 1940 Hassan Mohammed Abdel Wahab^[76]
• 21 October 1940 to 4 October 1942 Ali Muwafi^[77]
• 4 October 1942 to 4 November 1944 Hassan Hosni Taher^[78]
• 8 November 1944 to 11 March 1947 Mohammed Metwaly^[79]
• 11 March 1947 to 23 July 1952 Mohammed Mustafa Sha'arawy^[80]

Egyptian Air Force Chiefs of Staff

• 30 July 1952 to 22 June 1953 Hassan Mahmoud^[81]
• 23 June 1953 to 19 September 1959 Mohamed Sedky Mahmoud^[82]

Egyptian Air Force and Defense commanders

• 20 September 1959 to 11 June 1967 Mohamed Sedky Mahmoud^[82]

Egyptian Air Force commanders

• 11 June 1967 to 2 November 1967 Air Vice-Marshal Madkour Ahmed Abou El-Ezz^[83][84]
• 2 November 1967 to 22 June 1969 Air Vice-Marshal Mustafa Shalaby El Hennawy^[85]
• 22 June 1969 to 23 April 1972 Air Vice-Marshal Ali Mustafa Baghdady^[86]
• 23 April 1972 to 16 April 1975 Air Chief Marshal Hosni Mubarak
• 16 April 1975 to 6 April 1980 Air Vice-Marshal Mahmoud Shaker Abd El Moneim^[87]
• 6 April 1980 to 14 April 1982 Air Vice-Marshal Mohamed Lotfy Shabana^[88]
• 14 April 1982 to 15 April 1987 Air Vice-Marshal Mohamed Abd El Hamid Helmy^[89]
• 15 April 1987 to 6 April 1990 Mohamed Alaa El Din Barakat^[90]
• 7 April 1990 to 7 April 1996 Ahmed Abdel Rahman Nasser^[91]
• 7 April 1996 to 1 March 2002 Air Marshal Ahmed Shafik^[92]
• 1 March 2002 to 20 March 2008 Air Marshal Magdy Galal Sharawi
• 20 March 2008 to 14 August 2012 Air Marshal Reda Mahmoud Hafez Mohamed^[93]
• 14 August 2012 to present Air Marshal Younes Hamed

Munitions

See also

• List of air forces
• Egyptian Air Force ranks
• National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Air force of Egypt.

• Egyptian Air Force Overview from Scramble
• Pictures of the Egyptian Air Force
• http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-4163.html
• http://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article4.html
• http://defence-data.com/f2002/pagefa1042.htm
• http://www.mmc.gov.eg/Academies/AFA/default.htm

Egyptian Armed Forces Egyptian Army Egyptian Navy Egyptian Air Force Egyptian Air Defense Forces

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