Route nationale 5
The Route nationale 5, or RN 5, is a trunk road (nationale) in France now connecting Dijon with the frontier of Switzerland. It is also numbered the European route E21.
Reclassification
The RN 5 originally ran to Paris following the route now numbered RN 6 to Sens. Thereafter the road has been downgraded and numbered the D 905. Of all the national main roads, the RN 5 is one of those (with the RN 16) which suffered the most from the re-numbering since 1970. Indeed until 1978, the road still connected Paris with Switzerland. It even included an alternative route, RN 5bis (today RN 105, but renumbered RD 605 since 2007) between Melun and Montereau in order to avoid lorries passing through Moret-sur-Loing. The wave of renumberings in 2006 reduced the length of the road further, which now only comprises as RN 5 a few kilometers in the Jura! The section between Sens and Dijon was very attractive passing through many villages: those travelling to Dijon regularly preferred the 3 lane RN 6 until Avallon to the RN 70. The construction of the A 6 autoroute and particularly the A 38 marked the death-blow for the central section of the road which was finally re-numbered the D 905 in 1978. In order to ensure cohesion, the Paris section to Sens was re-numbered the RN 6, but many inhabitants of Melun or Fontainebleau rarely use the combined RN 5 and RN 6. Nowadays, the only section of the road maintained in the national network after the downgradings of 2006 is between Poligny and Rousses.
Route
Sens-Dijon-Dole-Geneva-Thonon-Switzerland
Sens to Dijon (0 km to 199 km) (as D905)
The road branches east from Sens as the N 60 along the Vanne valley. After 8 km the D 905 turns south east over rolling wooded countryside. The TGV line runs parallel. The road crosses the ridge of the Forêt D'Othe. The road continues through St Florentin where there is a junction with the RN 77. The road then runs southeast along the valley of the Armançon, following the Canal de Bourgogne, as far as Tonnerre where it crosses to the south of both canal and river and then through Lézinnes and Ancy-le-Franc. The road continues through the Bois de la Ville eventually leaving the valley at Montbard and the nearby Abbaye de Fontenay.
The road now follows the River Brenne and leaves the Canal de Bourgogne which it has been following for almost 100 km. The road passes the Parc l'Auxols to Vitteaux and then below the Foret de Boutas et Charmot (542 m) and then along the northern shore of the Reservoir de Grosbois and then east passing over a ridge where the road meets Sombernon and the A 38. The road now enters the valley of the River Ouche Eastward through the Forêt de Plombières and becomes the RN 5 as the road enters Dijon.
Dijon to Geneva (Switzerland) (199 km to 386 km)
The RN5 now forms part of a ring road around the south of the city heading Southeast as the Rue d'Auxonne and then the Avenue du Mont Blanc, through traffic takes the A 38. The road's old course passes through Neuilly-lès_Dijon and Crimolois before it branches South from the motorway. The road then crosses the A 31.
The road crosses open countryside past Genlis and over the A 39 skirting the Bois de Mondragon. The road crosses the River Saône at Auxonne and goes through the Bois des Crochères. Before Dole the road crosses the A 36. The RN 5 bypasses the town to the West while the old road is now classed the D405 past the Forêt de Chaux.
The road follows a wooded ridge between two river valleys. The next town is Poligny. The road leaves to the Southeast up the Culée de Vaux into the Foret de Poligny (575 m). The countryside is then formed by ridges which rise to become the Jura mountains. The road heads through Champagnole overlooked bt Mont Fival (805 m). The road goes South along the Gorges de la Billaude to Saint Laurent-en-Grandvaux.
There the road heads east over the Col de la Savine (984 m) in the Crête de la Joux Devant(1,094 m). The road drops into the next valley and the towns of Morbier and Morez. The road rises over the Crête des Sauges into Les Rousses alongside the Swiss border with a road heading over the Col de la Givrine (1228 m).
The RN 5 heads along the Chaine du Jura to the Southwest in the Valmijoux before crossing the mountaind towards Switzerland at the Col de la Faucille (1320 m). The road heading Southeast passes through Gex and enters Switzerland at Ferney-Voltaire and Geneva Airport.
Geneva (Switzerland) to Switzerland via Thonon (386 km to 436 km)
The RN 5 commences again north east of the city of Geneva on the southern shores of Lake Geneva. The road passes through the town of Douvaine, before reaching the shores of the lake at the village of Sciez. The road then enters the town of Thonon-les-Bains.
After Thonon the road crosses the River Dranse, and enters Amphlon-les-Bains and then the town of Évian-les-Bains. The road now hugs the shores of the lake as the mountains climb steeply to the south with Mt Bénant. The road then passes the village of Meillere and the town of St Gingolph where the road reaches the frontier with 
Switzerland becoming the route 21 towards Martigny.
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