Romans 9

Romans 9 is the ninth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul of Tarsus, but written by an amanuensis, Tertius, while Paul was in Corinth, in winter of AD 57-58.^[1] Paul wrote to the Roman Christians in order to give them a substantial resume of his theology.^[2]

Text

• The original text is written in Koine Greek.
• Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are:
  • Papyrus 40 (~ AD 250 M; extant: verses 16-17, 27)
  • Papyrus 27 (3rd century; extant: verses 3, 5-9)
  • Codex Vaticanus (AD 325-350)
  • Codex Sinaiticus (AD 330-360)
  • Codex Alexandrinus (ca. AD 400-440)
  • Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (ca. AD 450; complete)
• This chapter is divided into 33 verses.

Fragment c to h containing parts of the Epistle to the Romans in Papyrus 40, written about AD 250.

Structure

This chapter can be grouped (with cross references to other parts of the Bible):

• Romans 9:1-5 = Israel’s Rejection of Christ
• Romans 9:6-13 = Israel’s Rejection and God’s Purpose
• Romans 9:14-29 = Israel’s Rejection and God’s Justice
• Romans 9:30-33 = Present Condition of Israel

Cross references

• Romans 9:7 = Genesis 21:12
• Romans 9:9 = Genesis 18:10,14
• Romans 9:12 = Genesis 25:23
• Romans 9:13 = Malachi 1:2,3
• Romans 9:15 = Exodus 33:19
• Romans 9:17 = Exodus 9:16
• Romans 9:25 = Hosea 2:23
• Romans 9:26 = Hosea 1:10
• Romans 9:27 = Isaiah 10:22,23
• Romans 9:29 = Isaiah 1:9
• Romans 9:33 = Isaiah 8:14; Isaiah 28:16

Verse 6

New King James Version

But it is not that the word of God has taken no effect. For they are not all Israel who are of Israel,^[3]

Verse 7

New King James Version

nor are they all children because they are the seed of Abraham; but, “In Isaac your seed shall be called.”^[4]

See also

• Abraham
• Esau
• Hosea
• Isaac
• Israel
• Isaiah
• Jacob
• Moses
• Pharaoh
• Rebecca
• Sarah
• Zion
• Other related Bible parts: Genesis 18, Genesis 21, Genesis 25, Exodus 9, Exodus 33, Isaiah 1, Isaiah 8, Isaiah 10, Isaiah 28, Hosea 1, Hosea 2, Malachi 1

References

1. ↑ Halley, Henry H. Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1962.
2. ↑ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
3. ↑ Romans 9:6
4. ↑ Romans 9:7

External links

• Romans 9 NIV