Robert Y. Hayne

Robert Young Hayne
32nd Intendant of Charleston, South Carolina
In office September 5, 1836 – September 4, 1837
Preceded by	Edward W. North
Succeeded by	Henry Laurens Pinckney as Mayor
54th Governor of South Carolina
In office December 10, 1832 – December 9, 1834
Lieutenant	Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
Preceded by	James Hamilton, Jr.
Succeeded by	George McDuffie
United States Senator from South Carolina
In office March 4, 1823 – December 13, 1832
Preceded by	William Smith
Succeeded by	John C. Calhoun
Chairman of the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs
In office 1825–1832
Preceded by	James Lloyd
Succeeded by	George M. Dallas
5th Attorney General of South Carolina
In office December 18, 1818 – December 7, 1822
Governor	John Geddes Thomas Bennett, Jr.
Preceded by	John S. Richardson
Succeeded by	James L. Petigru
16th Speaker of the South Carolina House of Representatives
In office November 23, 1818 – December 18, 1818
Governor	Andrew Pickens John Geddes
Preceded by	Thomas Bennett, Jr.
Succeeded by	Patrick Noble
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from St. Philip's and St. Michael's Parish
In office November 28, 1814 – December 18, 1818
Personal details
Born	(1791-11-10)November 10, 1791 St. Pauls Parish, South Carolina
Died	September 24, 1839(1839-09-24) (aged 47) Asheville, North Carolina
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Frances Henrietta Pinckney Rebecca Mott Alston
Profession	Attorney, Soldier
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army South Carolina militia
Rank	Captain Quartermaster General
Unit	3rd South Carolina Regiment
Battles/wars	War of 1812

Robert Young Hayne (November 10, 1791 – September 24, 1839) was an American political leader who served in the United States Senate from 1823 to 1832, was Governor of South Carolina 1832–1834, and as Mayor of Charleston 1836–1837. He was notable as a proponent of the states' rights doctrine, in collaboration with John C. Calhoun and James Hamilton, Jr.

Early life and career

Robert Y. Hayne was born into a planter family in St. Paul Parish, Colleton District, South Carolina. He received a private education and studied law in the office of Langdon Cheves in Charleston. He was admitted to the bar in 1812, and practiced in Charleston.

During the War of 1812 against Great Britain, he was a Captain in the Third South Carolina Regiment, and he later served as the Quartermaster General of the state militia.

A Democrat, he was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1814 to 1818, serving as Speaker of the House in 1818. Hayne was Attorney General of South Carolina from 1818 to 1822.

In 1822 Hayne was elected by the legislature to the United States Senate. He was reelected in 1828 and served from March 4, 1823, to December 13, 1832. From 1825 to 1832 he was Chairman of the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs.

In 1832, under James Hamilton, Jr. as governor, Hayne served as Chairman of South Carolina's nullification convention. This advocated Hamilton's and Hayne's view that states could "nullify" federal laws with which they did not agree. Eighty percent of its 162 delegates voted to nullify federal tariffs of 1828 and 1832, and for the Ordinance of Nullification. A temporary compromise was reached between the federal government and South Carolina in 1833.

Hayne resigned from the Senate to accept election by the legislature as Governor of South Carolina in 1832, serving one term into 1834.

From 1836 to 1837 he served as Mayor of Charleston.

Political views

Hayne was considered an ardent free-trader and an uncompromising advocate of states' rights. He consistently upheld the doctrine that slavery was a domestic institution and should be dealt with only by the individual states. He opposed the federal government's plan to send delegates to the Panama Congress, which was organized by Simón Bolívar to develop a united North and South American policy towards Spain, including the end of slavery in Spain's former colonies. (After achieving independence, Mexico ended slavery in 1836.) Objecting to any federal effort to curtail slavery, Hayne said, "The moment the federal government shall make the unhallowed attempt to interfere with the domestic concerns of the states; those states will consider themselves driven from the Union." His remarks are considered an early description of the idea of Secession, which culminated with the American Civil War.

He opposed the protectionist federal tariff bills of 1824, 1828, and 1832. In 1828, in response to the changing economic landscape in Massachusetts (there was a shift from farming towards mass production in factories), Daniel Webster backed a high-tariff bill to enhance the profitability of manufacturing interests in his home state. This angered Southern leaders who would have to pay higher prices for manufactured goods, and brought Webster into dispute with Hayne.

Their disagreement over the powers of the federal government later evolved into a series of back-and-forth Senate speeches that became known as the Webster-Hayne debate. The debate arose over the "Foot resolution," introduced on December 29, 1829^[1] by Senator Samuel A. Foot of Connecticut. Foot's proposal called for a federal government study into restricting the sale of public lands to those lands already surveyed and available for sale, which would prevent states from conducting further land sales. Whether the federal government had the authority to take this action called into question the relationship between the powers of the federal government and the governments of the individual states.

Hayne contended that the United States Constitution was only a compact between the national government and the states, and that any state could nullify any federal law which it considered to be in contradiction.

Webster argued for the supremacy of the federal government and the Constitution, and against nullification and secession. He concluded his Second Reply to Hayne with the memorable phrase, "Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable."

Later career

Hayne was president of the Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad from 1836 until his death.

Family

Hayne's first wife was Frances Henrietta Pinckney (1790-1818). After her death, in 1820 he married Rebecca Brewton Alston. Her father, William Alston, gave her a lot on lower King Street where Hayne built a house (today's 4 Ladson Street); it was held by the family until 1863.^[2]

Death

Robert Young Hayne died at Asheville, North Carolina on September 24, 1839. He was buried at St. Michael’s Churchyard in Charleston.

Hayne's nephew, Paul Hamilton Hayne, was a poet. In 1878 he published a biography of Hayne.

References

Further reading

• Hayne, Paul H. Lives of Robert Y. Hayne and Hugh Swinton Legaré (Charleston, 1878)
• Jervey, Theodore D. Robert V. Hayne and his Times (New York, 1909).
• McDuffie, Eulogy upon the Life and Character of the Late Robert Y. Hayne (Charleston, 1840)
• Sheidley, Harlow W. "The Webster-Hayne Debate: Recasting New England's Sectionalism," New England Quarterly, 1994 67(1): 5-29. ISSN 0028-4866 Fulltext in Jstor
• Swift, Lindsay. (editor) The Great Debate Between Robert Y. Hayne, of South Carolina, and Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts (Boston, 1898), in the "Riverside Literature Series"

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links

Wikisource has the text of The New Student's Reference Work article about Robert Y. Hayne.

• SCIway Biography of Robert Young Hayne
• NGA Biography of Robert Young Hayne

• Robert Y. Hayne at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

Governors of South Carolina J. Rutledge Lowndes J. Rutledge Mathews Guerard Moultrie T. Pinckney C. Pinckney Moultrie Vanderhorst C. Pinckney E. Rutledge Drayton J. Richardson P. Hamilton C. Pinckney Drayton Middleton Alston D. Williams A. Pickens Geddes Bennett Wilson Manning I Taylor Miller J. Hamilton Hayne McDuffie Butler Noble Henagan Richardson II Hammond Aiken Johnson Seabrook Means J. Manning Adams Allston Gist F. Pickens Bonham Magrath Perry Orr Scott Moses Chamberlain Hampton Simpson Jeter Hagood Thompson Sheppard Richardson III Tillman Evans Ellerbe McSweeney Heyward Ansel Blease Smith Manning III Cooper Harvey McLeod Richards Blackwood Johnston Maybank Harley Jefferies Johnston R. Williams Thurmond Byrnes Timmerman Hollings Russell McNair West Edwards Riley Campbell Beasley Hodges Sanford Haley

United States Senators from South Carolina Class 2 P. Butler Hunter Pinckney Sumter Taylor W. Smith R. Hayne Calhoun Huger Calhoun Elmore Barnwell Rhett De Saussure Evans A. Hayne Chesnut Robertson M. Butler Tillman Benet Pollock Dial Blease Byrnes Lumpkin Peace Maybank Daniel Thurmond Wofford Thurmond Graham Class 3 Izard Read Colhoun P. Butler Gaillard Harper W. Smith Miller Preston McDuffie A. Butler Hammond Sawyer Patterson Hampton Irby Earle McLaurin Latimer Gary E. Smith Hall Johnston Russell Hollings DeMint Scott

Chairmen of the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services Military Affairs Committee (1816–1947) J. Williams Troup J. Williams Jackson Harrison Benton Preston Crittenden Benton Cass Benton Davis Shields Weller Davis Johnson Wilson Logan Spencer Randolph Logan Sewell Hawley Walthall Hawley Proctor Warren du Pont Johnston Chamberlain Wadsworth Reed Sheppard Reynolds Thomas Naval Affairs Committee (1816–1947) Tait Sanford Pleasants Lloyd Hayne Dallas Southard Rives R. Williams Mangum Bayard Fairfield Yulee Gwin Mallory J. Hale Grimes Cragin Sargent McPherson Cameron McPherson Cameron E. Hale Perkins Tillman Swanson Page F. Hale Trammell Walsh Armed Services Committee (1947–Present) Gurney Tydings Russell Saltonstall Russell Stennis Tower Goldwater Nunn Thurmond Warner Levin Warner Levin Warner Levin McCain