Reverter de La Guardia

A miniature from Cantiga de Santa Maria 181 depicting a Moroccan army with a Christian Banner at the battle of Marrakesh between Umar al-Murtada and Abū Yūsuf, emir of Benimerines.[1]

Reverter I de La Guardia (?-1142 or 1144), viscount of Barcelona, was a Catalan adventurer and military leader who defended the Almoravid caliphate in North Africa against the Almohad onslaught.

He was the son of Guislabert II, viscount of Barcelona, a title, which at that time, had lost much of its prestige. He married a woman known as Ermesindis and had several sons with her.[2] During his long absence from the county, his nephew, Guillem, appear to have ruled in his name over his estates.

As a feudatory of the count of Barcelona, he is believed to have been captured by the Almoravids during a battle along the Ebro river in the 1120s, probably 1126. He remained a prisoner of war in North Africa for about a decade until the emergence of the Almohad threat in the Maghrib al-Aqsa induced the caliph, Ali ibn Yusuf, to levy a troop of mercenaries among the captive Spanish soldiers (c.1132).[3] Reverter accepted to lead this force, with the express permission of the count of Barcelona.

Reveter and his Christian mercenaries appear to have been very successful at stemming the advance of the Almohads for several years. The Catalan knight may even have been entrusted with the command of the entire Almoravid army but he was killed in battle in 1142 or 1144, possibly near Tlemcen, and his corpse was crucified by the Zenatas.[2] After his death, the Almoravid caliphate crumbled rapidly. Two of his sons seem to have fought alongside Reverter in the armies of the caliph. Berenger became the new viscount at the death of his father and returned in Spain and Abu-l-Hasan who took the command of the Christian contingent before converting to Islam.[3]

The life of Reverter illustrates two important trends of the period: the expansionist policies of the counts of Barcelona over the Western Mediterranean and the tendency of medieval warriors to easily cross religious lines to find employment.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "The Banner of the Virgin Defeats the Moors at Marrakesh". Cantigas de Santa Maria of Alfonso X. c. 1384.
  2. 1 2 István, Frank (1956). "Reverter, vicomte de Barcelone, vers 1130-1145". Boletin de la Real academia de buenas letras de Barcelona 26: 195–204 [201]. ISSN 0210-7481. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  3. 1 2 Burns, Robert Ignatius (1972). "Renegades, Adventurers, and Sharp Businessmen: The Thirteenth-Century Spaniard in the Cause of Islam". The Catholic Historical Review 58 (3): 341–66 [350]. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
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