Retinoid X receptor

retinoid X receptor alpha
Identifiers
Symbol RXRA
Entrez 6256
HUGO 10477
OMIM 180245
RefSeq NM_002957
UniProt P19793
Other data
Locus Chr. 9 q34
retinoid X receptor beta
Identifiers
Symbol RXRB
Entrez 6257
HUGO 10478
OMIM 180246
RefSeq NM_021976
UniProt P28702
Other data
Locus Chr. 6 p21.3
retinoid X receptor gamma
Identifiers
Symbol RXRG
Entrez 6258
HUGO 10479
OMIM 180247
RefSeq NM_006917
UniProt P48443
Other data
Locus Chr. 1 q22-q23

The retinoid X receptor (RXR)[1] is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by 9-cis retinoic acid,[2] which has never been convincingly proven to be of physiological relevance and to be present endogenously, as well as 9-cis-13,14-dihydro-retinoic acid.[3] There are three retinoic X receptors (RXR): RXR-alpha, RXR-beta, and RXR-gamma, encoded by the RXRA, RXRB, RXRG genes, respectively.

RXR heterodimerizes with subfamily 1 nuclear receptors including CAR, FXR, LXR, PPAR,[4] PXR, RAR, TR, and VDR.

As with other type II nuclear receptors, the RXR heterodimer in the absence of ligand is bound to hormone response elements complexed with corepressor protein. Binding of agonist ligands to RXR results in dissociation of corepressor and recruitment of coactivator protein, which, in turn, promotes transcription of the downstream target gene into mRNA and eventually protein.

See also

References

  1. Germain P, Chambon P, Eichele G, Evans RM, Lazar MA, Leid M, De Lera AR, Lotan R, Mangelsdorf DJ, Gronemeyer H (2006). "International Union of Pharmacology. LXIII. Retinoid X receptors". Pharmacol Rev 58 (4): 760–72. doi:10.1124/pr.58.4.7. PMID 17132853.
  2. Allenby G, Bocquel MT, Saunders M, Kazmer S, Speck J, Rosenberger M, Lovey A, Kastner P, Grippo JF, Chambon P, Levin AA (1993). "Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90 (1): 30–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.1.30. PMC 45593. PMID 8380496.
  3. Rühl R, Krzyżosiak A, Niewiadomska-Cimicka A, Rochel N, Szeles L, Vaz B, Wietrzych-Schindler M, Álvarez S, Szklenar M, Nagy L, de Lera AR, Krężel W. (2015). "9-cis-13,14-Dihydroretinoic Acid Is an Endogenous Retinoid Acting as RXR Ligand in Mice". PLOS Genetics 11 (6): e1005213. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005213. PMC 4451509. PMID 26030625.
  4. Plutzky J (April 2011). "The PPAR-RXR transcriptional complex in the vasculature: energy in the balance". Circ. Res. 108 (8): 1002–16. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.226860. PMID 21493923.

External links


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