Regorafenib
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
4-[4-({[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)-3-fluorophenoxy]-N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide hydrate | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Stivarga |
| Pregnancy category | |
| Legal status | |
| Routes of administration | Oral |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 69-83% |
| Protein binding | 99.5% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic (UGT1A9-mediated) |
| Biological half-life | 20-30 hours |
| Excretion | Faeces (71%), urine (19%) |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 755037-03-7 |
| ATC code | L01XE21 |
| PubChem | CID 11167602 |
| ChemSpider | 28295228 |
| KEGG | D10138 |
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:68647  |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1946170 |
| Synonyms | BAY 73-4506 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C21H17ClF4N4O4 |
| Molar mass | 482.82 g mol |
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Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506, commercial name Stivarga) is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor developed by Bayer which targets angiogenic, stromal and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Regorafenib shows anti-angiogenic activity due to its dual targeted VEGFR2-TIE2 tyrosine kinase inhibition. Since 2009 it was studied as a potential treatment option in multiple tumor types.[1] By 2015 it had 2 US approvals for advanced cancers.
Approvals and indications
Metastatic colorectal cancer
Regorafenib demonstrated to increase the overall survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer[2] and has been approved by the US FDA on September 27, 2012.[3]
After a manufacturer's appeal Regorafenib was restored to the list of treatments funded by the English Cancer Drugs Fund.[4]
Advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours
On February 25, 2013 the US FDA expanded the approved use to treat patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors that cannot be surgically removed and no longer respond to other FDA-approved treatments for this disease. In a clinical study with 199 patients regorafenib treated patients had a delay in tumor growth (progression-free survival) that was, on average, 3.9 months longer than patients who were given placebo.[5]
Clinical trials
MetastaticCRC: After the CORRECT trial, two phase 3 trials (CONSIGN, CONCUR) showed benefits compared to placebo. Regorafenib dosing was 150 or 160 mg/d for first 3 weeks of each 4 week cycle.[6]
Adverse effects
Regorafenib is being approved with a Boxed Warning alerting patients and health care professionals that severe and fatal liver toxicity occurred in patients treated with regorafenib during clinical studies. Serious side effects, which occurred in less than one percent of patients, were liver damage, severe bleeding, blistering and peeling of skin, very high blood pressures requiring emergency treatment, heart attacks and perforations (holes) in the intestines. The most common side effects reported in patients treated with regorafenib include weakness or fatigue, loss of appetite, hand-foot syndrome (also called palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia), diarrhoea, mouth sores (mucousitis), weight loss, infection, high blood pressure, and changes in voice volume or quality (dysphonia).[7]
References
- ↑ "Bayer Announces New Data on Oncology Portfolio To Be Presented at the ECCO-ESMO Congress 2009". Retrieved 2009-09-19.
- ↑ "Phase III Trial of Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Meets Primary Endpoint of Improving Overall Survival". Retrieved 2011-10-26.
- ↑ "FDA approves new treatment for advanced colorectal cancer". 27 Sep 2012.
- ↑ "Cancer fund reprieve for just one drug, Regorafenib". BBC. 22 May 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- ↑ "FDA approves Stivarga for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors". 25 Feb 2013.
- ↑ CONSIGN, CONCUR Confirm Efficacy of Regorafenib in mCRC. 2015
- ↑ "FDA Prescribing Information" (PDF). 27 Sep 2012.
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