Recurve-billed bushbird
| Recurve-billed bushbird | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thamnophilidae |
| Genus: | Clytoctantes |
| Species: | C. alixii |
| Binomial name | |
| Clytoctantes alixii Elliot, 1870 | |
The recurve-billed bushbird (Clytoctantes alixii) is a Thamnophilid antbird that inhabits dense stands of secondary vegetation at the northern end of the Andes in Colombia and Venezuela. It is named for its extraordinary bill, which curves upwards. Until 2007, the bird was almost unknown in life and apart from earlier specimens it had only been seen in life once at an army ant swarm in Colombia in 1965.[2][3]
Discovery and rediscovery
The species was first described in 1870 by Daniel Giraud Elliot from a specimen obtained from the Rio Napo. He named the species after Dr. Edouard Alix (1823–1893) of Paris.[4]
A significant effort in Colombia failed to find the bird. However, in April 2004 the species was found in Venezuela in the foothills of Sierra de Perijá close to the border with Colombia,[5][6] during a Conservation International-financed Rapid Assessment (RAP) expedition consisting of ornithologists Miguel Lentino, Jorge Perez-Eman, Irving Carreño and Chris Sharpe working under the auspices of the Venezuela Audubon Society and the Phelps Ornithological Collection. The first photographs were taken of a pair of birds. Four months later the first sound recordings were made and behavioral notes taken by British ornithologist Chris Sharpe.
Working in parallel, Colombian ornithology student Oscar Laverde rediscovered bushbirds in Norte de Santander, Colombia in July 2005. The birds were subsequently studied in detail by Laverde, F. Gary Stiles and ornithology students of the Natural Sciences Institute of the National University of Colombia. Their findings are published in issue No. 5 of Ornitología Colombiana.[7] They are better located using their call which is made up of four short whistling notes.[8]
The first published photos of the species were circulated by the in June 2007 from images taken by Fundacion ProAves at a new reserve in Colombia to protect this species.[9]
Features and conservation status
The bushbird is 16.5 cm (6.5 inches) long and unmistakable. The male is slate gray, the female rufescent brown.[10] It inhabits well-developed secondary growth at 150–1750 m. It is insectivorous and a bamboo specialist.[6][7]
The outlook for the bushbird in the foothills of Sierra de Perijá in Venezuela seems positive, and certainly much better than scientists had guessed before 2004. The bird appears to be not uncommon in regenerating swidden ("slash-and-burn") plots. A significant area of extremely important, uninhabited primary forest is being rapidly invaded in the foothills of this range where the forest is being felled to plant short-term cash crops. There appears to be little attempt to control or regulate illegal deforestation there by the Venezuelan government and local political support for the invasion. Despite the long-term consequences for the survival of the forest and its species, in the short term this may lead to creation of further bushbird habitat.
The bushbird should now be looked for in suitable area elsewhere.[3][6] Sierra de Perijá is one of the top conservation priorities for birds in Venezuela, not just for this species but for several other threatened birds.[11]
Unfortunately, sightings have become rare in the Colombia locality, which has been the site of heavy recent collecting by museum ornithologists, reportedly including 5 taken by ornithologist Gary Stiles, despite large series of old museum specimens. Similar declines or local extinction due to unethical collecting has occurred with the Jocotoco antpitta at a remote site in northern Peru and three-toed jacamar in Brazil.
Notes
References
- BirdLife International (2012). "Clytoctantes alixii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- BirdLife International (2006). "BirdLife Species Factsheet: Recurve-billed Bushbird".
- Collar, N.J.; Gonzaga, L.P.; Krabbe, N.; Madroño Nieto, A.; Naranjo, L.G.; Parker, III, T.A.; Wege, D.C. (1992). Threatened Birds of the Americas: The ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. Third edition. (part 2). Cambridge, UK: International Council for Bird Preservation.
- Colorado, Gabriel J. (2008). "Rediscovery of the Recurve-billed Bushbird for the Cordillera Central of Colombia" (PDF). Ornitologia Neotropical 19: 467–471.
- Dell'Amore, Christine (2007). "Photo in the News: Rare "Smiling" Bird Photographed in Colombia". National Geographic.
- Elliot, Daniel Giraud (1870). "Descriptions of some new Genera and Species of Birds belonging to the Families Formicariidae, Pachycephalidae and Sylviidae". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 242–244.
- Hilty, S.L.; Brown, W.L. (1986). A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press. p. 836.
- Laverde, O.; Stiles, F.G. (2007). "Apuntes sobre el hormiguero pico de hacha (Thamnophilidae: Clytoctantes alixii) y su relación con un bambú en un bosque secundario de Colombia" (PDF). Ornitología Colombiana 5: 83–90.
- Rodríguez, J.P.; Rojas-Suárez, F.; Sharpe, C.J. (2004). "Setting priorities for the conservation of Venezuela's threatened birds". Oryx 38 (4): 373–382. doi:10.1017/s0030605304000730.
- Tobias, J.A.; Butchart, S.H.M.; Collar, N.J. (2006). "Lost and found: a gap analysis of recently described species from the Neotropics" (PDF). Neotropical Birding 1: 4–22.
- Willis, E.O. (1988). "Behavioral notes, breeding records, and range extensions for Colombian birds". Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 16 (63): 137–150.
External links
- National Geographic photographs
- BirdLife Species Factsheet.
- First published photographs of the recurve-billed bushbird by Fundacion ProAves.
- Photographs of the recurve-billed bushbird from first rediscovery.
- Wildlife Extra.com First ever photos of the recurve-billed bushbird.