Rajah Sulayman

For other people named Suleiman, see Suleiman (disambiguation).
Rajah Sulayman
Rajah of Maynila
Reign 1571–1575
Predecessor Rajah Matanda (Namayan)
Successor Magat Salamat
House Kingdom of Namayan, Tondo and Sabag
Religion Sunni Islam

Rajah Sulayman (also Sulayman III, 1558–1575,[1]) was the Rajah or ruler of the Kingdom of Maynila, a pre-Hispanic state at the mouth of the Pasig River in what is now Manila, Philippines. He also inherited rule of nearby Tondo and Namayan, becoming the first sovereign to hold all three realms in personal union.

He was the kingdom's penultimate indigenous ruler, as the state (along with Luzon and most of the archipelago), was gradually absorbed into the Spanish Empire beginning in the late 16th century. His eldest son, Banao Dula, was crowned Lakan (paramount ruler) when Sulayman I was too sick to function as monarch. Sulayman I is the grandson of Abdul Bolkiah and the son of Sulayman Bolkiah. Sulayman l did not use the surname Bolkiah but instead used the official title of Rajah Soliman Dula l, to mark the new era of a united Manila aristocracy.[2][3][4]

Sulayman III resisted Spanish forces, and thus, along with Rajah Matanda and Lakan Dula, was one of three monarchs who figured greatly in the Spanish conquest of the Pasig River delta in the early 1570s.[5]

Names

Spanish documents note that Sulayman's subjects called him Raja Mura or Raja Muda (from the Sanskrit raja). The Spanish glossed this name as "Young Raja", a reference to the fact that he was Raja Matanda's nephew and heir apparent. The Spaniards also called him Raja Solimano el Mow.[1]

Spanish Conquest of Manila (1570–1571)

The Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi, searching for a suitable place to establish his capital after moving from Cebu to Panay due to Portuguese pirates, sent Martín de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo on an expedition northwards to Luzon upon hearing of a prosperous kingdom there.[6]

Goiti anchored at Cavite and established his authority by sending a "message of friendship" to the states surrounding the Pasig River. Sulayman, who had been given authority over these settlements by the ageing Rajah Matanda, was willing to accept the "friendship" from the Spaniards. However, he refused to cede his sovereignty, and waged war against them. As a result, Goíti and his army invaded the kingdoms in June 1570, and occupied their settlements before returning to Panay.[6]

The "Sulayman Revolt"

When López de Legazpi died in 1572, his successor, Governor-General Guido de Lavezaris, did not honour their agreements with Sulayman and Lakan Dula. He sequestered the properties of both kings and tolerated Spanish atrocities.[5]

In response, Sulayman and Lakan Dula led a revolt in the villages of Navotas in 1574, taking advantage of the confusion brought about by the attacks of Chinese pirate Limahong. This is often referred to as the "Manila Revolt of 1574" but is sometimes referred to as the "Sulayman Revolt" and the "Lakan Dula Revolt." Since it involved naval forces, the Sulayman Revolt is also known as the "First Battle of Manila Bay".[5]

Friar Geronimo Marín and Juan de Salcedo were tasked with pursuing conciliatory talks with the kingdoms. Lakan Dula and Sulayman agreed to Salcedo's peace treaty and an alliance was formed between the two groups.[5]

Tarik Sulayman and the Battle of Bangkusay

Some controversy exists about the identity of the leader of the Macabebe people that initiated the Battle of Bangkusay in 1571. That chieftain is referred to by Philippine historians as Tarik Sulayman.[7] In some versions of the Battle of Bangkusay, Tarik Sulayman of Macabebe and Sulayman III of Manila are the same person,[8][9] while other contend that they are two separate individuals.[10]

Spanish documents do not identify the leader of the Macabebe revolt by name, but record that he died during the 1571 Battle of Bangkusay, resulting in a Macabebe retreat and Spanish victory.[10][11] Sulayman III, on the other hand, is clearly recorded as participating in the Revolt of 1574, and thus cannot be the unnamed figure who died in 1571 at Bangkusay.

Others

According to Meranau history

Legacy

In Rizal Park in Manila, the Philippines erected a statue to commemorate Rajah Sulayman as a hero against Spanish invasion.[12]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rajah Sulayman.
  1. 1 2 Rodil, Awang Romeo Duana (April 18, 2008). "The Muslim Rulers of Manila". melayuonline.com. Retrieved October 4, 2008.
  2. ↑ Joaquin, Nick (1990). Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young. City of Manila: Anvil Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-971-569-313-4.
  3. ↑ Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.
  4. ↑ Dery, Luis Camara (2001). A History of the Inarticulate. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. ISBN 971-10-1069-0.
  5. 1 2 3 4 222. "Rajah Soliman". National Heroes. Globalpinoy.com. Retrieved February 5, 2008.
  6. 1 2 Filipiniana: Act of Taking Possession of Luzon by Martin de Goiti; accessed September 6, 2008.
  7. ↑ Tantingco, Robby (October 24, 2006). "First Filipino martyr for freedom". Sun Star Pampanga.
  8. ↑ History of Manila; accessed September 8, 2008.
  9. ↑ Rajah Sulayman - Manila, Philippines, waymarking.com; accessed August 10, 2015.
  10. 1 2 Piedad-Pugay, Chris Antonette (June 6, 2008). "The Battle of Bangkusay: A Paradigm of Defiance against Colonial Conquest". National Historical Institute Website. National Historical Institute.
  11. ↑ San Agustin, Gaspar de. Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas 1565–1615 (in Spanish and English). Translated by Luis Antonio Mañeru (1st bilingual ed.). Intramuros, Manila, 1998: Pedro Galende, OSA.
  12. ↑ http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMAY5X_Rajah_Sulayman__Manila_Philippines
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Rajah Sulaiman II		 Rajah of Namayan
1571–1575 		Succeeded by
Magat Salamat
as King without a title in the Cabeza de Barangay (leader of the Province).
Preceded by
Lakan Dula		 Rajah of Tondo and Sabag
1571–1575
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