RĂ©union swamphen

RĂ©union swamphen
Hypothetical restoration by John Gerrard Keulemans, 1907

Extinct  (18th century)  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Gruiformes
Family: Rallidae
Genus: Porphyrio
Species: P. coerulescens
Binomial name
Porphyrio coerulescens
(Selys, 1848)
Former range (encircled)
Synonyms

Apterornis coerulescens Selys, 1848
Cyanornis erythrorhynchus Bonaparte, 1854

The RĂ©union swamphen, RĂ©union gallinule or oiseau bleu (Porphyrio coerulescens) is a hypothetical species of extinct rail from RĂ©union, Mascarenes only known from reports of travellers.

Taxonomy

The possibly similar Takahē

It is quite certain that such a bird once was present on the island. Six reports attest to its existence, and the genus Porphyrio is known as a colonizer of oceanic islands, having evolved into many local endemic species, of which only the takahē is still found to be extant nowadays.

In 1848, SĂ©lys Longchamps placed the RĂ©union swamphen in the genus Apterornis, wherein he also included the RĂ©union solitaire and the red rail, but the name was preoccupied by Aptornis, a bird described by Richard Owen in 1844.[2]

In November 1974, it was attempted to find possible fossil localities on the Plaine des Cafres. No caves or other promising locations were found, and it was determined that the attempt to prove the existence of this bird would have to wait pending a more thorough mapping of the area.

Description

The bird was a bit larger than a chicken, or between a purple swamphen and a takahē in size, and of entirely dull blue coloration, with a red beak and feet.

Dubois' description is as follows (translated from French):

Oyseaux bleus: As big as the Solitaires; they have the plumage entirely blue, the beak and the feet red and made like those of fowls; they do not fly at all, but run extremely quickly, so that a dog can hardly catch them; they are very good.[3][4]

Extinction

Forested mountain area on RĂ©union, 2006

The bird is attested to have exclusively occurred on the Plaine des Cafres, the high plateau of Réunion between the Piton des Neiges and the Piton de la Fournaise, from 1700 on at least (Dubois gives no locality information, but all other authors restrict the bird to the plateau). The missionary Père Brown's testimony of 1724 is generally believed to be the last unequivocal record of the bird, but an anonymous British naval officer reports stories about birds limited to the high plateau that can be killed with sticks in 1763.

The various reports disagree about whether this bird was considered good eating; most species of Porphyrio are generally considered to have a rather disagreeable taste. Especially in the light of Jean Feuilley's 1705 report, it seems that adult birds were not usually hunted at least part of the year. This, and the remoteness of its habitat, perhaps explains why the birds were able to persist for longer than most other RĂ©union endemics, which were extinct by 1700. Since the 1763 report is very unspecific and could as well refer to petrels or shearwaters, it is generally assumed that the RĂ©union swamphen was extinct by 1730. As the area where it occurred was not yet being cleared for cultivation, introduced predators and hunting by escaped slaves who took to the mountains are probably the reasons for its disappearance.

References

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