Quraish Shihab

Muhammad Quraish Shihab

Dr. Quraish Shihab giving lecture on TV
Minister of Religious Affairs of Indonesia Department of Religious Affairs
In office
March 14, 1998 – May 21, 1998
President Suharto
Preceded by Tarmizi Taher
Succeeded by Malik Fajar
Rector of Syarif Hidayatullah University
In office
1992–1998
Preceded by Ahmad Syadali
Succeeded by Ahmad Sukardja
Board member of MUI
Assumed office
1984
Personal details
Born (1944-02-16) 16 February 1944
Rappang, Celebes, Japanese-occupied East Indies
Citizenship Indonesia
Spouse(s) Fatimawati Assegaf
Children Najla, Najwa, Nashwa, Nahla, Ahmad[1]
Religion Islam
Website www.quraishshihab.com

Muhammad Quraish Shihab (Arabic: محمّد قريش شهاب‎; Muḥammad Qurayš Šihāb); February 16, 1944) is an Indonesian Muslim scholar in the sciences of the Qur'an, an author, a cleric, and former Minister of Religion Affairs in the Cabinet of Development VII (1998). He is the older brother of the former Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare, Alwi Shihab.

Biography

Quraish was born in Lotassalo, Rappang, on February 16, 1944. His father was Abdurrahman Shihab, an Islamic scholar and professor at State Institute of Islamic Sciences and his mother was Asma Aburisyi. Quraish is the fourth son of twelve siblings. His three older siblings, Nur, Ali (d) and Umar, and two younger siblings, Wardah and Alwi Shihab, were also born in Rappang. Seven other siblings namely Nina, Sida, Nizar, Abdul Muthalib, Salwa and twin sister Ulfa and Latifah, were born in the village of Buton.[2]

Quraish Shihab, called Bang Odes by his younger siblings,[3] is an Arab Indonesian of Ba'Alawi sada family, where his family lineage traces back to Muhammad, the prophet of Islam.[4]

Education

After completing his early education in Ujung Pandang, Quraish continued his secondary education in Malang, which he did while at the Dar al-Hadith Al-Faqihiyyah boarding school under guidance of Habib Abdul Qadir Bilfaqih.[3]

In 1958 he went to Cairo, Egypt, and Admitted to 2nd grade in Al-Thanawiya (middle school level) at Al-Azhar. In 1967, he earned an LC (Bachelor's degree) from the Department of Tafsir and Hadith, the faculty of Islamic Theology in Al-Azhar University. He continued his education at the same faculty in 1969 and earned master's degree in Tafseer of the Qur'an with the thesis entitled Al-I'jaz Tashri'i li Al-Qur-an Al-Karim.[5]

Upon returning to Makassar, Quraish served as the Vice Rector for Academic and Student Affairs at IAIN Alauddin, Ujung Pandang. In addition, he was also entrusted with other positions, both for academic positions such as the Coordinator of Private Higher Education Region VII in Eastern Indonesia, and non-academic positions such as the Assistant Police Chief of Eastern Indonesia in the field of mental development. While in Makassar, he also had time to do some researches. Some of his papers were "Implementation Harmony Religious Life in Eastern Indonesia" (1975) and "Problems Endowments South Sulawesi" (1978).[2]

In 1980, Quraish Shihab returned to Cairo and continued his education at his old alma mater. In 1982 He earned his doctorate in the sciences of the Qur'an with the dissertation studying the method of al-Biqa'i (al-Biqa'i is a scholar of exegesis from Damascus in the 15th century[6]) entitled The Research and Study of The Pearls System of al-Biqa'i ( Arabic: نظم الدرر للبقاعي – تحقيق ودراسة‎, translit. Naẓami Al-Durar li al-Biqā'iy - tahqīq wa Dirāsah),[7] where he graduated Summa Cum Laude with first class honors (Arabic: ممتاز مع مرتبة الشرف العول‎, translit. Mumtāz ma'a Martabat al-Sharaf al-'Ula).

Career

in 1984 Quraish was assigned as a lecturer in the Ushuluddin faculty and postgraduate faculty at IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta. He was entrusted to positions at various departments: among others; the co-chairman of Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) (since 1984); member of Lajnah Pentashbih Qur'an at the Department of Religious Affairs (since 1989) and member of the Advisory Board of National Education (since 1989).

Quraish Shihab is also heavily involved in several professional organizations; he is a member of the Shari'ah Science Society; member of the Consortium of the Religions at the Ministry of Education and Culture, and is the Assistant Chief of the General Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI).[2]

Quraish was appointed as Indonesian Minister of Religious Affairs in 1998 for about two months, and later appointed as The Indonesian Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador to Egypt cum Djibouti in Cairo from 1999 to 2002.[8][9]

Publications

Quraish has written since he was twenty two years old, with his first book was 60-pages book written in Arabic titled Al- Khawathir published in Egypt.[3] He has written more than 30 books. Among them are:[10]

In addition to writing, he gives lectures in Islam-related programs at some television stations. Some popular programs, among other Kultum and Hikmah Fajar on RCTI, and Tafsir Al Mishbah in MetroTV.

Recognitions and Awards

Quraish has been mentioned as one of 500 the most influential Muslims in the world in 2012 to 2015 by the The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, a research entity affiliated with the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought headquartered in Amman, Jordan.[13] In 2009, he received the Islamic Book Fair (IBF) Award for his works in writing best-seller books.[14] He received Lifetime Achievement Award in the same year from the Department of Islamic Theology of the Islamic State University of Jakarta on November 12, 2009.[15]

Controversies

Quraish Shihab issues some fatwas which are considered controversial by many Muslims in Indonesia. In 1993 and again on December 6 of 2003, he issued a fatwa allowing Muslims to say Merry Christmas to the Christians and published on the Republika daily-newspaper.[16]

Around the year 2006, he wrote a book titled "Jilbab Pakaian Wanita Muslimah" expressing his long held but controversial view that it is not obligatory for women to wear the hijab (veil), which clashed with opinions of many Islamic scholars. In the book he concludes that the verses in the Quran related to women's clothing have various interpretations, and said the legal provisions on the tolerable limit of female's aurah is zhanniy or a conjecture.[17]

In the program Tafsir Al-Misbah on Metro-TV broadcast on July 12, 2014, Quraish Shihab said that the prophet does not receive a guarantee from God to enter paradise, because going to heaven is the sole prerogative of God. Some people expressed disappointment with the fatwa.[18]

Personal life

Quraish married to Fatmawati Assegaf on February 2, 1975 in Surakarta. From the marriage, they have four daughters (Najelaa, Najwa, Nasywa, Nahla) and one son (Ahmad).

References

  1. ↑ "Quraish Shihab si Pengubah Dunia". Tempo (in Indonesian). Aug 26, 2012. Retrieved Aug 17, 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 "M. Quraish Shihab: Profile". Retrieved Aug 17, 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 Ismail, Rachmadin (July 8, 2015). "Quraish Shihab, Sahabat yang Penuh Canda dan Fans Real Madrid". DetikNews (in Indonesian). Retrieved July 9, 2015.
  4. ↑ see Ba'Alawi sada for more info
  5. ↑ Quraish Shihab, Muhammad (2007). "Membumikan" Al-Quran: Fungsi dan Peran Wahyu dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat. Indonesia: Mizan Pustaka. p. 6. ISBN 978-9-794330173.
  6. ↑ Ahmad Khan, Israr (2003). Al-Biqa'i and al-Islahi: A Comparative Study of Tafsir Methodology.
  7. ↑ "الدراسات الإندونيسيون في التفسير وعلوم القرآن". ملتقى اهل التفسير. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  8. ↑ "Muhammad Quraish Shihab". Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  9. ↑ "Daftar Duta Besar Indonesia untuk Mesir". Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  10. ↑ "Karya-Karya M. Quraish Shihab". Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  11. ↑ Quraish, Shihab (2007). Lentera Hati: Kisah dan Hikmah Kehidupan (in Indonesian). Mizan Pustaka. ISBN 978-9-794330197.
  12. ↑ Quraish Shihab, Muhammad (1996). Wawasan Al-Quran: Tafsir Tematik atas Pelbagai Persoalan Umat (in Indonesian). Mizan Pustaka. ISBN 978-9-794330852. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  13. ↑ "The Muslim 500". Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Quraish Shihab Terima Penghargaan" (in Indonesian). March 1, 2009. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Quraish Shihab terima Lifetime Achievement Award" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  16. ↑ Husaini, Adian (2002). Penyesatan opini: sebuah rekayasa mengubah citra (in Indonesian). Gema Insani. ISBN 9789795617303. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  17. ↑ "Quraish Shihab, Tokoh Tafsir yang Akrab Dengan Kontroversi" (in Indonesian). July 15, 2014.
  18. ↑ "Quraish Shihab: Jilbab Tidak Wajib dan Rosulullah Tidak Dijamin Masuk Surga". Retrieved October 15, 2014.
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