Qin Mountains

Qinling Mountain Range
Highest point
Peak	Mount Taibai
Elevation	3,767 m (12,359 ft)
Coordinates	33°57′48″N 107°37′05″E / 33.96333°N 107.61806°E / 33.96333; 107.61806Coordinates: 33°57′48″N 107°37′05″E / 33.96333°N 107.61806°E / 33.96333; 107.61806
Geography
Country	China
State/Province	Shaanxi Province

The Qin Mountains (simplified Chinese: 秦岭; traditional Chinese: 秦嶺; pinyin: qín lǐng; Wade–Giles: Ch'in² Ling³), sometimes called the Szechuan Alps, are a major east-west mountain range in southern Shaanxi Province, China. The mountains provide a natural boundary between North and South China, and support a huge variety of plant and wildlife, some of which is found nowhere else on Earth.

To the north is the densely populated Wei River valley, an ancient center of Chinese civilization. To the south is the Han River valley. To the west is the line of mountains along the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. To the east are the lower Funiu Shan and Dabie Shan which rise out of the coastal plain.

The northern side of the range is prone to hot weather, however the physical barrier of the mountains mean that the land to the North has a semi-arid climate, with the lack of rich, fertile landscape that can not support a wealth of wildlife.^[1] The mountains also acted as a natural defense against nomadic invasions from the North, as only four passes cross the mountains. In the late 1990s a railway tunnel and a spiral was completed, thereby easing travel across the range.^[2]

The highest mountain in the range is Mount Taibai (Chinese: 太白山; pinyin: tài bái shān) at 3,767 metres (12,359 ft), which is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) West of the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an^[3] and is the highest mountain in eastern China. Mount Hua (华山) (2,155 metres (7,070 ft)), Mount Li (simplified Chinese: 骊山; traditional Chinese: 驪山; pinyin: lí shān) (1,302 metres (4,272 ft)), and Mount Maiji (simplified Chinese: 麦积山; traditional Chinese: 麥積山; pinyin: mài jī shān) (1,742 metres (5,715 ft)) make up the three other significant peaks in the range.

Environment, flora and fauna

The environment of the Qin Mountains is that of the Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests ecoregion.^[4]

The Qin Mountains form the watershed between the Yellow River basin of northern China, which was historically home to deciduous broadleaf forests, and the Yangzi River basin of southern China, which has milder winters and more rainfall, and was historically home to warm temperate evergreen broadleaf forests.

The low-elevation forests of the foothills are dominated by temperate deciduous trees like oaks (Quercus acutissima, Q. variabilis), elm (Ulmus spp.), common walnut (Juglans regia), maple (Acer spp.), ash (Fraxinus spp.) and Celtis spp. Evergreen species of these low-elevation forests include broadleaf chinquapins (Castanopsis sclerophylla), ring-cupped oaks (Quercus glauca) and conifers like Pinus massoniana.^[5]

At the middle elevations, conifers like Pinus armandii are mixed with broadleaf birch (Betula spp.) oak (Quercus spp.) and hornbeam (Carpinus spp.). From 2,600 to 3,000 meters elevation, these mid-elevation forests give way to a subalpine forests of fir (Abies fargesii, A. chensiensis), Cunninghamia, and birch (Betula spp.), with rhododendron (Rhododendron fastigiatum) abundant in the understory.^[5]

The region is home to a large number of rare plants, of which around 3,000 have so far been documented.^[3] Plant and tree species native to the region include Ginkgo, thought to be one of the oldest species of tree in the world, as well as Huashan or Armand pine (Pinus armandii), Acer miaotaiense and Chinese fir.^[6] Timber harvesting reached a peak in the 18th century in the Qinling Mountains.^[7]

Home to the Qinling pandas, a sub-species of the giant panda, which are protected in the region with the help of the Changqing and Foping nature reserves,^[1] between 250 to 280 giant pandas live in the region, which is estimated to represent around a fifth of the entire wild giant panda population.^[3] The mountains are also home to the golden takin, golden pheasant, golden snub-nosed monkey, Temminck's tragopan, crested ibis, golden eagle, blackthroat and clouded leopard.^[8]

The Chinese giant salamander, at 1.8 metres (6 feet) the largest amphibian in the world, is critically endangered as it is collected for food and for use in traditional Chinese medicine. An environmental education programme is being undertaken to encourage sustainable management of wild populations in the Qin Mountains and captive breeding programmes have been set up.^[9]

See also

• Gallery road
• Huaqing Pool
• Qinling panda

References

Mountain ranges of China Geography of China Northwest China Altai Mountains Dzungarian Alatau Tian Shan Borohoro Mountains Tarbagatai Mountains Kunlun Mountains Altyn-Tagh Qilian Mountains Helan Mountains Qinghai-Tibet and Southwest China Himalayas Transhimalaya Pamir Mountains Karakoram Argu Tagh Yengisogat Kunlun Mountains Hoh Xil Bayan Har Mountains Amne Machin Tanggula Mountains Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains Hengduan Mountains Gaoligong Mountains Yunling Mountains Ailao Mountains Qionglai Mountains Daxue Mountains Min Mountains Northeast China Greater Khingan Lesser Khingan Changbai Mountains Wanda Mountains Qian Mountains Northern China Yin Mountains Lang Mountains Lüliang Mountains Taihang Mountains Zhongtiao Mountains Qin Mountains Dabie Mountains Mount Tai Central China Daba Mountains Wudang Mountains Jingshan Mountains Dabie Mountains Luoxiao Mountains Jiuling Mountains Mufu Mountains Wugong Mountains Huangshan Tianmu Mountain Wuling Mountains Xuefeng Mountains Yandang Mountains Wuyi Mountains Southern China Cangshan (Yunnan) Daliang Mountains Dalou Mountains Nanling Mountains Jiuyi Mountains Yuecheng Mountains Longmen Mountains Western Mountains Landforms of China