Qashan Principality

Qashan Duchy was once a Bolghar Duchy in modern-day Tatarstan. After the 13th century Mongol invasion, Bolghar became dependent on Volga Bulgaria, and became a vassal state of the Golden Horde.

The capital, Qashan supported a citizen population of agriculturists, craftsmen, and tradesmen. Within its castles, clay cooking utensils have been discovered, as well as ancient foundries for smelting iron and copper. From 1391 until 1399, Russian river pirates called ushkuniki occupied Qashan Duchy. By 1399, Muscovy troops dominated. In 1438-1440 Khanate of Kazan reabsorbed the entire area until all the Bolghar lands were once again united.