Pygidicranidae

Pygidicranidae
Temporal range: Albian–recent
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Dermaptera
Suborder: Neodermaptera
Family: Pygidicranidae
Verhoeff, 1902
Subfamilies
  • see text

Pygidicranidae is a family of earwigs, formerly placed in the suborder Forficulina, now in the suborder Neodermaptera. The family currently contains twelve subfamilies and twenty six genera. Eight of the subfamilies are monotypic, each containing a single genus. Of the subfamilies, both Astreptolabidinae and Burmapygiinae are extinct and known solely from fossils found in Burmese amber.[1] Similarly Archaeosoma, Gallinympha, and Geosoma, which have not been placed into any of the subfamilies, are also known only from fossils. Living members of the family are found in Australia, South Africa,[2] North America,[3] and Asia.[4] The monotypic genus Anataelia, described by Ignacio Bolivar in 1899, is found only on the Canary Islands.[5] As with all members of Neodermaptera, pygidicranids do not have any ocelli. The typical pygidicranid bodyplan includes a small, flattened-looking body, which has a dense covering of bristly hairs (setae). The pair of cerci at the end of the abdomen are symmetrical in structure. The head is broad, with the fourth, fifth and sixth antenna segments (antennomeres) that are not transverse. In general Pygidicranids also have equally sized ventral cervical sclerites, and in having the rearmost sclerite separated from, or only touching the center of the prosternum.[1] Cannibalism of young has been observed in at least one species in the family, Challia hongkongensis, in which an adult female was found eating a still-living nymph of the same species. The same species in a different area has been observed possibly eating fruits or seeds, making the species an omnivore.[4]

Taxonomy

Current Pygidicranidae subfamilies and genera, as listed in the Dermaptera Species File.[6]

Pygidicranidae Verhoeff, 1902

References

  1. 1 2 Engel, M.S. (2011). "New earwigs in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Dermaptera, Neodermaptera)". ZooKeys 130: 137–152. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1293.
  2. ↑ A Dictionary of Entomology accessed 4 September 2012
  3. ↑ Encyclopedia of Insects accessed 4 September 2012
  4. 1 2 Wai-chun, George Ho (2010). "Biological notes on Challia hongkongensis Ho & Nishikawa (Dermaptera: Pygidicranidae: Challinae)" (PDF). Hong Kong Entomological Bulletin 2 (2): 27–8.
  5. ↑ The Entomologist's record and journal of variation, Volume 14 accessed 4 September 2012
  6. ↑ Dermaptera Species File Pygidicranidae entry accessed 4 September 2012
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