Pulvinar nuclei
| Pulvinar nuclei | |
|---|---|
 Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view. (Pulvinar visible near top.) | |
 Thalamic nuclei: MNG = Midline nuclear group AN = Anterior nuclear group MD = Medial dorsal nucleus VNG = Ventral nuclear group VA = Ventral anterior nucleus VL = Ventral lateral nucleus VPL = Ventral posterolateral nucleus VPM = Ventral posteromedial nucleus LNG = Lateral nuclear group PUL = Pulvinar MTh = Metathalamus LG = Lateral geniculate nucleus MG = Medial geniculate nucleus | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | pulvinar thalami, nuclei pulvinaris |
| MeSH | A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.485.600 |
| NeuroNames | hier-311 |
| NeuroLex ID | Pulvinar |
| Dorlands /Elsevier | p_42/12680162 |
| TA |
A14.1.08.104 A14.1.08.610 |
| FMA | 62178 |
The pulvinar nuclei (nuclei pulvinaris) are a collection of nuclei located in the pulvinar thalamus.
The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei in rodents and carnivores, and stands as an independent complex in primates. The word is derived from the Latin pulvinus for "cushion". In Ancient Roman religion a pulvinar was an "empty throne" or cushioned couch for occupation by a deity.
Structure
By convention, it is divided into anterior, inferior, lateral, and medial subdivisions, each containing multiple nuclei.
- The lateral and inferior pulvinar have widespread connections with early visual cortical areas.
- The dorsal part of lateral pulvinar predominantly has connections with posterior parietal cortex and the dorsal stream cortical areas.
- The medial pulvinar has widespread connections with cingulate, posterior parietal, premotor and prefrontal cortical areas.[1]
- The pulvinar also has input from the superior colliculus to inferior, lateral and medial sections, which seems to be important in the initiation and compensation of saccade,[2][3] as well as the regulation of visual attention[4][5]
Clinical significance
Lesions of the pulvinar can result in neglect syndromes and attentional deficits.[6]
Other animals
The pulvinar varies in importance in different animals: it is virtually nonexistent in the rat, and grouped as the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex with the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus due to its small size in cats. In humans it makes up roughly 40% of the thalamus making it the largest of its nuclei.[7] Significant research has been undertaken in the marmoset examining the role of the retinorecipient region of the inferior pulvinar (medial subdivision), which projects to visual cortical area MT, in the early development of MT and the dorsal stream, as well as following early-life lesions of the primary visual cortex (V1).[8][9][10]
References
- ↑ Cappe C., Morel A., Barone P., Rouiller E.M. (2009). "The thalamocortical projection systems in primate: an anatomical support for multisensory and sensorimotor interplay". Cerebral Cortex 19 (9): 2025–2037. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn228.
- ↑ Berman R., Wurtz R. (2011). "Signals conveyed in the pulvinar pathway from superior colliculus to cortical area mt". The Journal of Neuroscience 31 (2): 373–384. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4738-10.2011.
- ↑ Robinson D., Petersen S. (1985). "Responses of pulvinar neurons to real and self-induced stimulus movement". Brain Research 338 (2): 392–394. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90176-3.
- ↑ Petersen S., Robinson D., Morris J. (1987). "Contributions of the pulvinar to visual spatial attention". Neuropsychologia 25 (1): 97–105. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(87)90046-7.
- ↑ Chalupa, L. (1991). Visual function of the pulvinar. The Neural Basis of Visual Function. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 140-159.
- ↑ Arend I., Rafal R., Ward R. (2008). "Spatial and temporal deficits are regionally dissociable in patients with pulvinar lesions". Brain 131 (8): 2140–2152. doi:10.1093/brain/awn135.
- ↑ LaBerge, D. (1999). Attention pp. 44-98. In Cognitive science (Handbook of Perception and Cognition, Second Edition), Bly BM, Rumelhart DE. (edits). Academic Press ISBN 978-0-12-601730-4 p. 73
- ↑ Warner CE, Kwan WC, Bourne JA (2012). "The early maturation of visual cortical area MT is dependent on input from the retinorecipient medial portion of the inferior pulvinar". Journal of Neuroscience 32 (48): 17073–17085. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3269-12.2012. PMID 23197701.
- ↑ Warner CE, Goldshmit Y, Bourne JA (2010). "Retinal afferents synapse with relay cells targeting the middle temporal area in the pulvinar and lateral geniculate nuclei". Front Neuroanat 12 (8): 4–24. doi:10.3389/neuro.05.008.2010. PMC 2826187. PMID 20179789.
- ↑ Warner CE, Kwan WC, Wright D, Johnston LA, Egan GF, Bourne JA (2015). "Preservation of vision by the pulvinar following early-life primary visual cortex lesions". Curr Biol 25 (4): 424–434. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.028. PMID 25601551.
Additional images
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Thalamus
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Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
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Dissection of brain-stem. Dorsal view.
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Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerves and optic tracts.
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Human brain left dissected midsagittal view
External links
- Stained brain slice images which include the "pulvinar" at the BrainMaps project
- Atlas image: eye_38 at the University of Michigan Health System - "The Visual Pathway from Below"
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