Ctenochasmatoidea
| Ctenochasmatoids Temporal range: Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous, 152–105 Ma | |
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| Fossil specimen of Ctenochasma elegans | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Order: | †Pterosauria |
| Clade: | †Caelidracones |
| Suborder: | †Pterodactyloidea |
| Infraorder: | †Archaeopterodactyloidea |
| Clade: | †Euctenochasmatia Unwin, 2003 |
| Subgroups | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Pterodactylidae Bonaparte, 1838 | |
Ctenochasmatoidea is a group of pterosaurs within the suborder Pterodactyloidea. It was defined by Unwin (2003) as the clade containing Cycnorhamphus suevicus, Pterodaustro guinazui, their most recent common ancestor, and all its descendants.[1] The earliest known ctenochasmatoid remains date to the Late Jurassic Kimmeridgian age. Previously, a fossil jaw recovered from the Middle Jurassic Stonesfield Slate formation in the United Kingdom, was considered the oldest known. This specimen supposedly represented a member of the family Ctenochasmatidae,[2] though further examination suggested it actually belonged to a teleosaurid stem-crocodilian instead of a pterosaur.[3]
Classification
Cladogram after Unwin (2003).[1]
| Ctenochasmatoidea |
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Majority-rule consensus tree after Pereda-Suberbiola et al. (2012)[4]
| Pterodactylidae |
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Pereda-Suberbiola et al. (2012) use Fabien Knoll's (2000) definition of Pterodactylidae;[4] Knoll defined Pterodactylidae as a clade containing "Pterodactylus antiquus, Ctenochasma elegans, their most recent common ancestor and all [its] descendants".[5] The analysis conducted by Pereda-Suberbiola et al. (2012) indicated that Ctenochasmatoidea is nested within such defined Pterodactylidae;[4] other analyses, such as Unwin's (2003)[1] make such defined Pterodactylidae nested within Ctenochasmatoidea instead.
Below is a cladogram showing the results of a phylogenetic analysis presented by Andres, Clark & Xu, 2014.[3]
| Archaeopterodactyloidea |
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References
- 1 2 3 Unwin, D. M., (2003). "On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs." Pp. 139-190. in Buffetaut, E. & Mazin, J.-M., (eds.) (2003). Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 217, London, 1-347.
- ↑ Buffetaut, E. and Jeffrey, P. (2012). "A ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Stonesfield Slate (Bathonian, Middle Jurassic) of Oxfordshire, England." Geological Magazine, (advance online publication) doi:10.1017/S0016756811001154
- 1 2 Andres, B.; Clark, J.; Xu, X. (2014). "The Earliest Pterodactyloid and the Origin of the Group". Current Biology. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.030.
- 1 2 3 Xabier Pereda-Suberbiola, Fabien Knoll, José Ignacio Ruiz-Omeñaca, Julio Company and Fidel Torcida Fernández-Baldor (2012). "Reassessment of Prejanopterus curvirostris, a Basal Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Spain". Acta Geologica Sinica 86 (6): 1389–1401. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12008.
- ↑ Fabien Knoll (2000). "Pterosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous (?Berriasian) of Anoual, Morocco". Annales de Paléontologie 86 (3): 157–164. doi:10.1016/S0753-3969(00)80006-3.