Prunus laurocerasus

Prunus laurocerasus
Foliage and flowers
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Prunus
Subgenus: Cerasus[1]
or Laurocerasus[2]
Section: Laurocerasus
Species: P. laurocerasus
Binomial name
Prunus laurocerasus
L.
Synonyms[3]

Prunus laurocerasus, also known as cherry laurel, common laurel and sometimes English laurel in North America, is an evergreen species of cherry (Prunus), native to regions bordering the Black Sea in southwestern Asia and southeastern Europe, from Albania and Bulgaria east through Turkey to the Caucasus Mountains and northern Iran.[4][5]

The common names of P. laurocerasus refer to the similarity of foliage and appearance to bay laurel (Laurus nobilis, the true laurel, in the Lauraceae family), and like the bay laurel, Prunus laurocerasus was used for making laurel wreaths,[6] but the two plants are unrelated. It is not to be confused with its American relative Prunus caroliniana, which is also called cherry laurel.

Description

Prunus laurocerasus is an evergreen shrub or small to medium-sized tree, growing to 5 to 15 metres (16 to 49 ft) tall, rarely to 18 metres (59 ft), with a trunk up to 60 cm broad. The leaves are dark green, leathery, shiny, (5–)10–25(–30)cm long and 4–10 cm broad, with a finely serrated margin. The leaves can have the scent of almonds when crushed. The flower buds appear in early spring and open in early summer in erect 7–15 cm racemes of 30–40 flowers, each flower 1 cm across, with five creamy-white petals and numerous yellowish stamens with a sweet smell. The fruit is a small cherry 1–2 cm broad, turning black when ripe in early autumn.[7][8]

Cultivation

Flowers - Prunus laurocerasus

Prunus laurocerasus is a widely cultivated ornamental plant, used for planting in gardens and parks in temperate regions worldwide. It is often used for hedges, as a screening plant, and as a massed landscape plant. Most cultivars are tough shrubs that can cope with difficult growing conditions, including shaded and dry conditions, and which respond well to pruning.

Cultivars

Over 40 cultivars have been selected, including[9]

The cultivar 'Otto Luyken' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[10]

Leaves - Prunus laurocerasus

Known species:
Prunus laurocerasus Ani ®
Prunus laurocerasus Caucasica
Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Brandy
Prunus laurocerasus Diana
Prunus laurocerasus Etna ®
Prunus laurocerasus Gabi ®
Prunus laurocerasus Gajo ®
Prunus laurocerasus Genolia ®
Prunus laurocerasus Goris Gold ®
Prunus laurocerasus Green Planet ®
Prunus laurocerasus Green Torch ®
Prunus laurocerasus Grüner Teppich
Prunus laurocerasus Herbergii
Prunus laurocerasus Ivory ®
Prunus laurocerasus Kleopatra ®
Prunus laurocerasus Legend ®
Prunus laurocerasus Magnoliifolia
Prunus laurocerasus Mano
Prunus laurocerasus Marbled White
Prunus laurocerasus Mari
Prunus laurocerasus Mount Vernon
Prunus laurocerasus Novita
Prunus laurocerasus Otto Luyken
Prunus laurocerasus Piranha ®
Prunus laurocerasus Piri
Prunus laurocerasus Polster
Prunus laurocerasus Renault Age®
Prunus laurocerasus Reynvaanii
Prunus laurocerasus Rotundifolia
Prunus laurocerasus Schipkaensis Macrophylla
Prunus laurocerasus Van Nes
Prunus laurocerasus Winterstar®
Prunus laurocerasus Zabeliana

Invasive species

It has become naturalised widely. In some regions (such as the United Kingdom and the Pacific Northwest of North America), this species can be an invasive plant.[11] Its rapid growth, coupled with its evergreen habit and its tolerance of drought and shade, often allow it to out-compete and kill off native plant species. It is spread by birds, through the seeds in their droppings.

Other uses

Laurel water, a distillation made from the plant, has a pharmacological usage. The foliage is also used for cut greenery in floristry.

Toxicity

Leaves, fruit and seed may cause severe discomfort to humans if ingested.[12] The seeds contained within the cherries are poisonous like the rest of the plant, containing cyanogenic glycosides and amygdalin.[13] This chemical composition is what gives the smell of almonds when the leaves are crushed.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prunus laurocerasus.
  1. ↑ Prunus L. subg. Cerasus: USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN), National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. (12 April 2013)
  2. ↑ Rehder, A. 1940, reprinted 1977. Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in North America exclusive of the subtropical and warmer temperate regions. Macmillan publishing Co., Inc, New York.
  3. ↑ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  4. ↑ Euro+Med Plantbase Project: Prunus laurocerasus
  5. ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Prunus laurocerasus
  6. ↑ Mabberley, D.J. (2008). The plant book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plants (entry for Laurus). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  7. ↑ Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
  8. ↑ Flora of NW Europe: Prunus laurocerasus
  9. ↑ Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
  10. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Prunus laurocerasus 'Otto Luyken'". Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  11. ↑ Evergreen.ca Invasive Plant Profile
  12. ↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
  13. ↑ Poisonous Plants: Prunus Laurocerasus

External links

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