United States Army Provost Marshal General

Provost Marshal General of the United States Army
Incumbent MG March S. Inch since October 27, 2014
Formation	January 10, 1776
First holder	CPT William Marony
Website	Official Website

The provost marshal general (pronounced "provo") is a United States Army staff position that handles investigations and incarcerations of U.S. Army personnel. It is the highest-ranking provost marshal position in the U.S. Army, reporting to the Chief of Staff of the United States Army. The position brings all aspects of law enforcement in the U.S. Army in a single office.^[1]

The role has been off and on since 1776 (usually in periods of war time). After shutting down in 1974 at the end of the Vietnam War, it was resurrected on January 30, 2003 following the September 11 attacks.

It is responsible for:

• United States Army Military Police Corps (since 2003)
• United States Army Criminal Investigation Command (CID) (since 2003)
• United States Army Corrections Command (ACC) (since 2007)

Prior to its most recent organization, the responsibilities of this position were scattered across various army units.

History

American Revolutionary War

William Marony was the first provost marshal general, appointed by George Washington on January 10, 1776. The principal job was maintaining jails and supervising 40 executions. Nine men served as provost marshal general until 1778 when the duties were transferred to the Marechausse Corps. Service ended at the end of the war.^[2][3]

American Civil War

James Fry was appointed on March 3, 1863 to be the first provost marshal general during the American Civil War. The office dealt with recruitment and desertion issues. It also supervised the Invalid Corps, in which disabled soldiers performed garrison duty (as opposed to field duty). The position was abolished in 1866.^[2] An 1866 proposal to reorganise the Army to include a Provost Marshal's Bureau "consisting of a Provost Marshal General with the rank, pay and emoluments of a Brigadier General and an Assistant Provost Marshal General with the rank, pay and emoluments of a Colonel of Cavalry" was rejected on the grounds "that it creates an unnecessary office for an underserving public servant".^[4]

Spanish-American War

Arthur MacArthur, Jr. was appointed provost marshal general of Manila in July 1901 to provide law enforcement in Manila and the provinces. The position was abolished after about a year.^[2]

World War I

Enoch Crowder was appointed provost marshal general in July 1917 with focus on enforcing the Selective Service System. During the American Expeditionary Force provost marshal generals oversaw military police, prisoner of war, criminal investigation, and circulation in Europe. Among the European marshals were Hanson E. Ely, William H. Allaire, John C. Groome III, and Harry Hill Bandholtz. The European component was dissolved in 1919 and the provost marshal general remained an advisor to the War Department until 1927.^[2]

World War II

The Basic Field Manual in 1937 outlined the position when it was reactivated. Allen W. Gullion was appointed in 1941. Its duties initially were to control enemy aliens but were later expanded to do security clearance investigations and Military Police. After 1943 it was responsible for prisoner-of-war camps in the United States as well as Japanese-American relocation camps. Toward the end of the war it began investigating crimes and apprehending deserters and would handle the War Crimes Division of the Judge Advocate General's Office.^[2]

Post World War II

Gullion remained until April 1944 when he was succeeded by Archer L. Lerch, Blackshear M. Bryan in 1945, Edwin P. Parker Jr. in 1948, William H. Maglin in 1953, and Haydon L. Boatner in 1957.^[2]

Vietnam War

Ralph J. Butchers was appointed in 1960 followed by Carl C. Turner in 1964, Karl W. Gustafson in 1968 and finally Lloyd B. Ramsey in 1970 until the office was abolished on May 20, 1974.^[2]

War on Terror

After the start of Operation Iraqi Freedom, the position of provost marshal general was recreated.

List of provost marshals general

Here is the list of provost marshals general:^[5]

	Name	Photo	Term began	Term ended
1.	MG Allen W. Gullion		July 31, 1941	April 27, 1944
2.	MG Archer L. Lerch		May, 1944	July 17, 1945
3.	MG Blackshear M. Bryan		July 17, 1945	April 9, 1948
4.	MG Edwin P. Parker, Jr.		April 10, 1948	February 4, 1953
5.	MG William H. Maglin		February 5, 1953	September, 1957
6.	MG Haydon L. Boatner		November 19, 1957	October 31, 1960
7.	MG Ralph J. Butchers		December 1, 1960	July 1, 1964
8.	MG Carl C. Turner		July 1, 1964	September 30, 1968
9.	MG Karl J. Gustafson		September 30, 1968	July 14, 1970
10.	MG Lloyd B. Ramsey		July 14, 1970	May 20, 1974
Position abolished on May 20, 1974
11.	MG Donald J. Ryder		October 29, 2003	July 14, 2006
12.	BG Rodney L. Johnson		July 14, 2006	January 15, 2010
13.	BG Colleen L. McGuire		January 15, 2010	September 28, 2011
14.	MG David E. Quantock		September 28, 2011	October 27, 2014
15.	MG Mark S. Inch		October 27, 2014

See also

• Provost Marshal's Office (United States Marine Corps)
• Masters-at-Arms (United States Navy)
• United States Air Force Security Forces

References