Promotion to the Bundesliga

Promotion to the Bundesliga
Founded
1963
Nation
 Germany
Promotion To
Bundesliga
Promotion From
2. Bundesliga
(1981–)
2. Bundesliga South
(1974–81)
2. Bundesliga North
(1974–81)
Regionalligas
(1963–74)
Winners 2014–15
FC Ingolstadt 04
SV Darmstadt 98

The Promotion to the Bundesliga (German: Aufstiegsrunde zur Bundesliga) was an end-of-season competition, held annually to determine the clubs that were promoted from the Regionalligas, later the 2. Bundesligas to the Bundesliga. Originally, it was necessary because there were more second division champions than promotion spots available. From 1974 onwards, it involved only two clubs who determined the third possible promotion spot to the Bundesliga.

Leagues

1963–74

When the Bundesliga was formed in 1963, the German Football Association established five regional second divisions below it, the Regionalligas, these being:

Because the boundaries of these five leagues went along historical lines, determined by the boundaries of the five German sub-federations, the playing strength of the leagues was not equal. To determine the two teams to be promoted to the Bundesliga each season, a promotion round was held. The number of teams from each Regionalliga qualified for this event was not equal, for the above-mentioned reason.

From 1963, the first two teams in each Regionalliga was qualified for the promotion round, except from Berlin, who would only send the champions. To reduce the number of clubs from nine to eight, a home-and-away decider was played between two of the runners-ups. The origin of the two teams in this altered annually. The eight teams would then play a home-and-away round in two groups of four with the winners qualified for the Bundesliga. Teams from the same Regionalliga would not play in the same group. This system was in place till 1966.

From 1967, the groups were expanded to five clubs and all five Regionalligas send their runners-up to the competition. Otherwise, the modus remained unchanged. This system remained in place until 1974, when the Regionalligas were disbanded.

1974–81

In 1974, the five Regionalligas were replaced by two 2. Bundesligas, those being:

The two league champions would now be directly promoted to the Bundesliga while the two runners-up played a home-and-away round to determined the third promoted team. This system remained in place until the single 2. Bundesliga replaced the two leagues.

1981–91

With the introduction of the single-division 2. Bundesliga in 1981, a promotion round would have become unnecessary as the top-three teams could have been directly promoted. Instead, only the top-two teams archived direct promotion. The third placed club had to play the 16th placed club from the Bundesliga in a home-and-away round for the last spot in the first division. This series was played until 1991.

With the German reunion in 1991 and the influx of clubs from the former DDR-Oberliga, the promotion round between the two clubs was stopped. In the 1990–91 season, five clubs were promoted to the Bundesliga, three from the west and two from the east.

1991–92

As a transition season due to the integration of the East German clubs, only two clubs were promoted from the second to the first division. Also, the 2. Bundesliga was split into two regional groups for this season.

1992–2008

In this era, the top-three teams of the 2. Bundesliga were directly promoted to the Bundesliga.

2008–present

From 2009, the promotion series between the 16th placed Bundesliga club and the third placed 2. Bundesliga team will be reestablished.[1] The Bundesliga follows thereby its own, past example[2] and the one set by the English Premier League and the Italian Serie A, where these games are in place, too and quite popular.

Promoted teams

1963–74

Season First Second Third
1963–64Hannover 96Borussia NeunkirchenN/A
1964–65FC Bayern MunichBorussia MönchengladbachSC Tasmania 1900 Berlin
1965–66Fortuna DüsseldorfRot-Weiss EssenN/A
1966–67Alemannia AachenBorussia Neunkirchen (2)N/A
1967–68Kickers OffenbachHertha BSC BerlinN/A
1968–69Rot-Weiss Essen (2)Rot-Weiß OberhausenN/A
1969–70Arminia BielefeldKickers Offenbach (2)N/A
1970–71VfL BochumFortuna Düsseldorf (2)N/A
1971–72Wuppertaler SVKickers Offenbach (3)N/A
1972–73Rot-Weiss Essen (3)Fortuna KölnN/A
1973–74Eintracht BraunschweigTennis Borussia BerlinN/A

1974–81

Season South North Third
1974–75 Karlsruher SC Hannover 96 (2) Bayer Uerdingen
1975–76 1. FC Saarbrücken Tennis Borussia Berlin (2) Borussia Dortmund
1976–77 VfB Stuttgart FC St. Pauli TSV 1860 Munich
1977–78 SV Darmstadt 98 Arminia Bielefeld (2) 1. FC Nuremberg
1978–79 TSV 1860 Munich (2) Bayer Leverkusen Bayer Uerdingen (2)
1979–80 1. FC Nuremberg (2) Arminia Bielefeld (3) Karlsruher SC (2)
1980–81 SV Darmstadt 98 (2) Werder Bremen Eintracht Braunschweig (2)

1981–90

Season First Second Third
1981–82 FC Schalke 04 Hertha BSC Berlin (2) N/A
1982–83 Waldhof Mannheim Kickers Offenbach (4) Bayer Uerdingen (3)
1983–84 Karlsruher SC (3) FC Schalke 04 (2) N/A
1984–85 1. FC Nuremberg (3) Hannover 96 (3) 1. FC Saarbrücken (2)
1985–86 FC Homburg SpVgg Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin N/A
1986–87 Hannover 96 (4) Karlsruher SC (4) N/A
1987–88 Stuttgarter Kickers FC St. Pauli (2) N/A
1988–89 Fortuna Düsseldorf (3) FC Homburg (2) N/A
1989–90 Hertha BSC Berlin (2) SG Wattenscheid 09 N/A

1990–91

Season First Second Third East First East Second
1990–91 FC Schalke 04 (3) MSV Duisburg Stuttgarter Kickers (2) Hansa Rostock Dynamo Dresden

1991–92

Season South North
1991–92 1. FC Saarbrücken (3) Bayer Uerdingen (4)

1992–present

Season First Second Third
1992–93 SC Freiburg MSV Duisburg (2) VfB Leipzig
1993–94 VfL Bochum (2) Bayer Uerdingen (5) TSV 1860 Munich (3)
1994–95 Hansa Rostock (2) FC St. Pauli (3) Fortuna Düsseldorf (4)
1995–96 VfL Bochum (3) Arminia Bielefeld (4) MSV Duisburg (3)
1996–97 1. FC Kaiserslautern VfL Wolfsburg Hertha BSC Berlin (3)
1997–98 Eintracht Frankfurt SC Freiburg (2) 1. FC Nuremberg (4)
1998–99 Arminia Bielefeld (5) SpVgg Unterhaching SSV Ulm 1846
1999–2000 1. FC Köln VfL Bochum (4) Energie Cottbus
2000–01 1. FC Nuremberg (5) Borussia Mönchengladbach (2) FC St. Pauli (4)
2001–02 Hannover 96 (5) Arminia Bielefeld (6) VfL Bochum (5)
2002–03 SC Freiburg (3) 1. FC Köln (2) Eintracht Frankfurt (2)
2003–04 1. FC Nuremberg (6) Arminia Bielefeld (7) FSV Mainz 05
2004–05 1. FC Köln (3) MSV Duisburg (4) Eintracht Frankfurt (3)
2005–06 VfL Bochum (6) Alemannia Aachen (2) Energie Cottbus (2)
2006–07 Karlsruher SC (5) Hansa Rostock (3) MSV Duisburg (5)
2007–08 Borussia Mönchengladbach (3) TSG 1899 Hoffenheim 1. FC Köln (4)
2008–09 SC Freiburg (4) FSV Mainz 05 (2) 1. FC Nuremberg (7)
2009–10 1. FC Kaiserslautern (2) FC St. Pauli (5) N/A
2010–11 Hertha BSC Berlin (4) FC Augsburg N/A
2011–12 SpVgg Greuther Fürth Eintracht Frankfurt (4) Fortuna Düsseldorf (5)
2012–13 Hertha BSC Berlin (5) Eintracht Braunschweig (3) N/A
2013–14 1. FC Köln (5) SC Paderborn 07 N/A
2014–15 FC Ingolstadt 04 SV Darmstadt 98 (3) N/A

Clubs taking part in the promotion round

1963–74

Season RL Süd (1st) RL Süd (2nd) RL Südwest (1st) RL Südwest (2nd)
1963–64 Hessen Kassel FC Bayern Munich Borussia Neunkirchen FK Pirmasens
1964–65 FC Bayern Munich SSV Reutlingen 1. FC Saarbrücken Wormatia Worms
1965–66 FC Schweinfurt 05 Kickers Offenbach FK Pirmasens 1. FC Saarbrücken
1966–67 Kickers Offenbach FC Bayern Hof Borussia Neunkirchen 1. FC Saarbrücken
1967–68 FC Bayern Hof Kickers Offenbach SV Alsenborn TuS Neuendorf
1968–69 Karlsruher SC Freiburger FC SV Alsenborn TuS Neuendorf
1969–70 Kickers Offenbach Karlsruher SC SV Alsenborn FK Pirmasens
1970–71 1. FC Nuremberg Karlsruher SC Borussia Neunkirchen FK Pirmasens
1971–72 Kickers Offenbach FC Bayern Hof Borussia Neunkirchen SV Röchling Völklingen
1972–73 SV Darmstadt 98 Karlsruher SC FSV Mainz 05 SV Röchling Völklingen
1973–74 FC Augsburg 1. FC Nuremberg Borussia Neunkirchen 1. FC Saarbrücken
Season RL West (1st) RL West (2nd) RL Nord (1st) RL Nord (2nd) RL Berlin (1st) RL Berlin (2nd)
1963–64 Alemannia Aachen Wuppertaler SV FC St. Pauli Hannover 96 SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin N/A
1964–65 Borussia Mönchengladbach Alemannia Aachen Holstein Kiel FC St. Pauli Tennis Borussia Berlin N/A
1965–66 Fortuna Düsseldorf Rot-Weiss Essen FC St. Pauli SC Göttingen 05 Hertha BSC Berlin N/A
1966–67 Alemannia Aachen Schwarz-Weiß Essen Arminia Hannover SC Göttingen 05 Hertha BSC Berlin Tennis Borussia Berlin
1967–68 Bayer Leverkusen Rot-Weiss Essen Arminia Hannover SC Göttingen 05 Hertha BSC Berlin Tennis Borussia Berlin
1968–69 Rot-Weiß Oberhausen Rot-Weiss Essen VfL Osnabrück VfB Lübeck Hertha Zehlendorf SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin
1969–70 VfL Bochum Arminia Bielefeld VfL Osnabrück VfL Wolfsburg Hertha Zehlendorf Tennis Borussia Berlin
1970–71 VfL Bochum Fortuna Düsseldorf VfL Osnabrück FC St. Pauli SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin Wacker 04 Berlin
1971–72 Wuppertaler SV Rot-Weiss Essen FC St. Pauli VfL Osnabrück Wacker 04 Berlin SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin
1972–73 Rot-Weiss Essen Fortuna Köln FC St. Pauli VfL Osnabrück SpVgg Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin Wacker 04 Berlin
1973–74 SG Wattenscheid 09 Rot-Weiß Oberhausen Eintracht Braunschweig FC St. Pauli Tennis Borussia Berlin Wacker 04 Berlin

1974–1981

Date South North Game 1 Game 2 Game 3
1974–75 FK Pirmasens Bayer Uerdingen 4–4 0–6 N/A
1975–76 1. FC Nuremberg Borussia Dortmund 0–1 2–3 N/A
1976–77 TSV 1860 Munich Arminia Bielefeld 4–0 0–4 2–0
1977–78 1. FC Nuremberg Rot-Weiss Essen 1–0 2–2 N/A
1978–79 SpVgg Bayreuth Bayer Uerdingen 1–1 1–2 N/A
1979–80 Karlsruher SC Rot-Weiss Essen 5–1 1–3 N/A
1980–81 Kickers Offenbach Eintracht Braunschweig 1–0 0–2 N/A

1981–91

Date Bundesliga 16th 2. Bundesliga 3rd Game 1 Game 2 Game 3
1981–82 Bayer Leverkusen Kickers Offenbach 1–0 2–0 N/A
1982–83 FC Schalke 04 Bayer Uerdingen 1–3 1–1 N/A
1983–84 Eintracht Frankfurt MSV Duisburg 5–0 1–1 N/A
1984–85 Arminia Bielefeld 1. FC Saarbrücken 2–0 1–1 N/A
1985–86 Borussia Dortmund Fortuna Köln 0–2 3–1 8–0
1986–87 FC Homburg FC St. Pauli 3–1 1–2 N/A
1987–88 Waldhof Mannheim SV Darmstadt 98 2–3 2–1 0–0 / 5–4 after pen.
1988–89 Eintracht Frankfurt 1. FC Saarbrücken 2–0 1–2 N/A
1989–90 VfL Bochum 1. FC Saarbrücken 1–0 0–0 N/A
1990–91 FC St. Pauli Stuttgarter Kickers 1–1 1–1 1–3

2009 onwards

Date Bundesliga 16th 2. Bundesliga 3rd Game 1 Game 2
2008–09[3] FC Energie Cottbus 1. FC Nuremberg 0–3 0–2
2009–10[4] 1. FC Nuremberg FC Augsburg 1–0 2–0
2010–11[5] Borussia Mönchengladbach VfL Bochum 1–0 1–1
2011–12[6] Hertha BSC Berlin Fortuna Düsseldorf 1–2 2–2
2012–13[7] TSG 1899 Hoffenheim 1. FC Kaiserslautern 3–1 2–1
2013–14[8] Hamburger SV SpVgg Greuther Fürth 0–0 1–1
2014–15[9] Hamburger SV Karlsruher SC 1–1 2–1 (aet)

See also

References

  1. "2. Bundesliga – Spieltag / Tabelle" [2. Bundesliga – Matchday / Table] (in German). kicker.de. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
  2. "2. Bundesliga – Modus" (in German). DFB. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
  3. "Relegation Bundesliga 2009" (in German). weltfussball.de. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  4. "Relegation Bundesliga 2010" (in German). weltfussball.de. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
  5. "Relegation Bundesliga 2011" (in German). weltfussball.de. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
  6. "Relegation Bundesliga 2012" (in German). weltfussball.de. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
  7. "Relegation Bundesliga 2013" (in German). weltfussball.de. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
  8. "Relegation Bundesliga 2014" (in German). weltfussball.de. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  9. "Relegation Bundesliga 2015" (in German). weltfussball.de. Retrieved 19 May 2015.

Sources

External links

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