Bengal Subah
Bengal Subah Subah-i-Bangalah مغل بنگال | |||||
Province of Mughal Empire | |||||
| |||||
Capital | Tanda (1574-95) Rajmahal (1595-1610) Dhaka/ Jahangir Nagar (1610–1639) Rajmahal (1639-1659) Dhaka/ Jahangir Nagar (1660-1703) Maqsudabad/Murshidabad (17043–1765) | ||||
History | |||||
• | Established | 1574 | |||
• | Disestablished | 1765 | |||
Today part of | India Bangladesh |
Part of a series on the |
---|
History of Bangladesh |
Ancient
|
Classical
|
Medieval
|
Modern
|
Related articles |
Bengal was a province of the Mughal Empire between the 16th and 18th centuries. On 25 September 1574 Munim Khan, the commander of the Mughal army occupied Tanda, the capital of the last Afghan ruler of Bengal Daud Khan Karrani.[1] It ushered in the Mughal rule in Bengal.[2] In 1713 Murshid Quli Khan became the naib nazim (deputy subahdar) of Bengal. In 1717, he became its subahdar or nazim (governor)[3] and Bengal became completely independent of imperial control. Subsequent to the defeat of the last independent nazim Siraj ud-Daulah in the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757 and his death on 2 July 1757, Bengal was brought under the control of the British East India Company. The successors of Siraj ud-Daulah were merely puppets of the East India Company.
Administrative divisions
In the revenue settlement by Todar Mal in 1582, Bengal Subah was divided into 24 sarkars (districts), which included 19 sarkars of Bengal proper and 5 sarkars of Orissa. In 1607, during the reign of Jahangir Orissa became a separate Subah. These 19 sarkars were further divided into 682 parganas.[4] In 1658, subsequent to the revenue settlement by Shah Shuja, 15 new sarkars and 361 new parganas were added. In 1722, Murshid Quli Khan divided the whole Subah into 13 chakalahs, which were further divided into 1660 parganas.
Initially the capital of the Subah was Tanda. On 9 November 1595, the foundations of a new capital were laid at Rajmahal by Man Singh I who renamed it Akbarnagar.[5] In 1610 the capital was shifted from Rajmahal to Dhaka[6] and it was renamed Jahangirnagar. In 1639, Shah Shuja again shifted the capital to Rajmahal. In 1660, Muazzam Khan (Mir Jumla) again shifted the capital to Dhaka. In 1703, Murshid Quli Khan, then diwan (chief revenue officer) of Bengal shifted his office from Dhaka to Maqsudabad and later renamed it Murshidabad.
The sarkars (districts) and the parganas (tehsils) of Bengal Subah were:[4]
Sarkar | Pargana |
---|---|
Udamabar (Tanda) | 52 parganas |
Jannatabad (Lakhnauti) | 66 parganas |
Fathabad | 31 parganas |
Mahmudabad | 88 parganas |
Khalifatabad | 35 parganas |
Bakla | 4 parganas |
Purniyah | 9 parganas |
Tajpur | 29 parganas |
Ghoraghat | 84 parganas |
Pinjarah | 21 parganas |
Barbakabad | 38 parganas |
Bazuha | 32 parganas |
Sonargaon | 52 parganas |
Sylhet | 8 parganas |
Chittagong | 7 parganas |
Sharifabad | 26 parganas |
Sulaimanabad | 31 parganas |
Satgaon | 53 parganas |
Mandaran | 16 parganas |
List of Mughal Subahdars of Bengal (1574 - 1727)
Personal Name[7] | Reign | ||
---|---|---|---|
Conquest of Bengal by the Mughal Emperor Akbar | |||
Munim Khan Khan-i-Khanan منعم خان، خان خاناں |
25 September 1574 - 23 October 1575 | ||
Hussain Quli Beg Khan Jahan I حسین قلی بیگ، خان جہاں اول |
15 November 1575 - 19 December 1578 | ||
Muzaffar Khan Turbati مظفر خان تربتی |
1579 - 1580 | ||
Mirza Aziz Koka Khan-e-Azam میرزا عزیز کوکہ،خان اعظم |
1582 - 1583 | ||
Shahbaz Khan Kamboh شھباز خان کمبوہ |
1583 - 1585 | ||
Sadiq Khan صادق خان |
1585 - 1586 | ||
Wazir Khan Tajik وزیر خان |
1586 - 1587 | ||
Sa'id Khan سعید خان |
1587 - 1594 | ||
Raja Man Singh I راجہ مان سنگھ |
4 June 1594 - 1606 | ||
Qutb-ud-din Khan Koka قطب الدین خان کوکہ |
2 September 1606 - May 1607 | ||
Jahangir Quli Beg جہانگیر قلی بیگ |
1607 - 1608 | ||
Sheikh Ala-ud-din Chisti Islam Khan Chisti اسلام خان چشتی |
June 1608 - 1613 | ||
Qasim Khan Chishti قاسم خان چشتی |
1613 - 1617 | ||
Ibrahim Khan Fateh Jang ابراہیم خان فتح جنگ |
1617 - 1622 | ||
Mahabat Khan محابت خان |
1622 - 1625 | ||
Mirza Amanullah Khan Zaman II میرزا أمان اللہ ، خان زماں ثانی |
1625 | ||
Mukarram Khan مکرم خان |
1625 - 1627 | ||
Fidai Khan فدای خان |
1627 - 1628 | ||
Qasim Khan Juvayni Qasim Manija قاسم خان جوینی، قاسم مانیجہ |
1628 - 1632 | ||
Mir Muhammad Baqir Azam Khan میر محمد باقر، اعظم خان |
1632 - 1635 | ||
Mir Abdus Salam Islam Khan Mashhadi اسلام خان مشھدی |
1635 - 1639 | ||
Sultan Shah Shuja شاہ شجاع |
1639 -1660 | ||
Mir Jumla II میر جملہ |
May 1660 - 30 March 1663 | ||
Mirza Abu Talib Shaista Khan I میرزا ابو طالب، شایستہ خان |
March 1664 - 1676 | ||
Azam Khan Koka, Fidai Khan II اعظم خان کوکہ، فدای خان ثانی |
1676 - 1677 | ||
Sultan Muhammad Azam Shah Alijah محمد اعظم شاہ عالی جاہ |
1678- 1679 | ||
Mirza Abu Talib Shaista Khan I میرزا ابو طالب، شایستہ خان |
1679 - 1688 | ||
Ibrahim Khan ibn Ali Mardan Khan ابراہیم خان ابن علی مردان خان |
1688 - 1697 | ||
Sultan Azim-us-Shan عظیم الشان |
1697 - 1712 | ||
Others appointed but did not show up from 1712-1717 and managed by Deputy Subahdar Murshid Quli Khan. | |||
Murshid Quli Khan مرشد قلی خان |
1717–1727 | ||
Murshid Quli Khan began the semi-independent Nasiri dynasty Nawabat of Bengal. |
See also
References
- ↑ Majumdar, R. C. (ed.) (2007) [1974]. The Mughul Empire. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vdya Bhavan. p. 130. ISBN 81-7276-407-1.
- ↑ Eaton, Richard M. (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 142. ISBN 0-520-20507-3.
- ↑ Sen, S. N. (2006). History of Modern India. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers. p. 4. ISBN 81-224-1774-4.
- 1 2 Jarrett, H. S. (1949) [1891] The Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl-i-Allami, Vol.II, (ed.) J. N. Sarkar, Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, pp.142-55
- ↑ Sarkar, Jadunath (1984). A History of Jaipur, c. 1503-1938, New Delhi: Orient Longman, ISBN 81-250-0333-9, p.81
- ↑ Gommans, Jos (2002). Mughal Warfare: Indian Frontiers and Highroads to Empire, 1500-1700. Oxon: Routledge. p. 27. ISBN 0-415-23988-5.
- ↑ Eaton, Richard M. (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 325–6. ISBN 0-520-20507-3.