Prem Sahgal

Colonel Prem Kumar Sahgal (in Punjabi کرنل پریم کُمار سہگل ਕਰਨਲ ਪ੍ਰੇਮ ਕੁਮਾਰ ਸਹਿਗਲ)(25 March 1917 – 17 October 1992) was an officer of the British Indian Army. After becoming a Japanese Prisoner of War, he served as an officer in the Indian National Army, which was led by Subhas Chandra Bose and had been set up by the Japanese ostensibly to fight against British rule in India.

Life

Sahgal was educated at the Central Model High School and Government College, Lahore.[1] In 1936, he passed the military entrance exam and went to the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun.[2] He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant on the Special List published on February 1, 1939 and was attached to the 2nd battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, then stationed at Secunderabad. He joined that battalion on 24 February 1939[3] and remained there for a year. That battalion was posted to Singapore in August 1939, in anticipation of war, but Sahgal was transferred to the 1st battalion West Yorkshire regiment, which remained in a peace station.[4]

After one year of service, Sahgal took the leave of one month to which he was entitled, and spent time with his family in Lahore. Upon his return, he was posted to the 5th battalion of the 10th Baluch Regiment stationed at Peshawar on the North West Frontier, relatively close to his family and far from the theatres of war.[5] Shortly afterwards, on 30 April 1940, Sahgal was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant.[6] He volunteered to be transferred to the 2/10th Baluch Regiment as they were short of officers.[7] In October 1940, he reported to the 2nd battalion at Bareilly near Delhi, in the then United Provinces. That regiment sailed for Singapore on October 28, 1940[8] and landed there on November 11, 1940.[9] By December 1941, Sahgal was promoted Acting Captain in the 2/10th Baluch Regiment of the British Indian Army and fought against Japanese forces in Malaya. He served with distinction before being made a Prisoner of War in February 1942.[10]

Indian National Army

As a prisoner of the Japanese army, Sahgal was invited to fight for the interests of India rather than the interests of the colonial power, Britain. He then joined the Indian National Army of Subhas Chandra Bose and took up arms against his former colleagues in the British Indian Army. He served as the commander of the 2nd Division led the 2nd Infantry regiment at Popa against Messervy's 17th Indian Division during the latter half of the Burma Campaign before surrendering to the British forces. During his stint with the INA, Sahgal came into contact with Lakshmi Swaminadhan, whom he later married.

After surrendering, Sahgal spent time in an Indian prison before being put on trial for treason along with three other fellow-officers. The trial was held in 1946, by which time India was on the verge of her independence. The stage was set for suitable atmospherics when the Red Fort in Delhi was named the venue for the trial, a choice without precedent in the annals of Indian law. Jawaharlal Nehru recognized the potential of the event and donned his lawyers' robes, after an interval of several decades, to appear as counsel for the defense. The trial duly became famous all over India in 1946 and are known in history books as the INA trials. The charge of treason was not upheld, but Sahgal was dismissed from the army.

Personal life

In March 1947 at Lahore, Sahgal married Lakshmi Swaminadhan, daughter of Ammu Swaminathan. His wife had been the head of the women's wing of the Indian National Army and they had worked closely together. Lakshmi had previously been married to P.K.N.Rao, a commercial pilot working with Tata Airlines. She had walked out of that marriage but had never secured a divorce, having no grounds which were legally valid in that era. Nevertheless, Prem and Lakshmi walked into a registry office, failed to mention this matter there, and received a certificate of marriage. Since the previous husband wanted only to be rid of her, they never faced any legal problems.

The Sahgals have two daughters, Subhashini Ali and Anisa Puri. Subhashini Ali, formerly married to the film-maker Muzaffar Ali, is a communist women's activist and a leader of the All India Democratic Women's Association, the women's wing of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). According to Subhashini Ali, Prem Sahgal was an atheist, and believed passionately in communist ideology.[11]

References

  1. ↑ The Forgotten Army University of Michigan Press, 1995, page 17
  2. ↑ The Forgotten Army University of Michigan Press, 1995 page 27
  3. ↑ July 1939 Indian Army List
  4. ↑ The Forgotten Army University of Michigan Press, 1995 page 29
  5. ↑ The Forgotten Army University of Michigan Press, 1995 page 29/30
  6. ↑ April 1944 Indian Army List
  7. ↑ The Forgotten Army University of Michigan Press, 1995 page 31
  8. ↑ History of the Baloch Regiment 1939-56 p 8
  9. ↑ The Forgotten Army University of Michigan Press, 1995 page 31
  10. ↑ Smith pp 543-544
  11. ↑ The Rediff Interview of Subhasini Ali, 8 August 2001 (accessed 21 April 2008).

Further reading

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