Preauricular sinus and cyst

Preauricular sinus and cyst

Preauricular sinus on right ear
Classification and external resources
Specialty medical genetics
ICD-10 Q18.1
ICD-9-CM 744.4
DiseasesDB 34576
MedlinePlus 003304

A preauricular sinus (also known as a congenital auricular fistula, a congenital preauricular fistula, an ear pit,[1]:782 or a preauricular cyst[2]) is a common congenital malformation characterized by a nodule, dent or dimple located anywhere adjacent to the external ear.[3] Frequency of preauricular sinus differs depending on race, 0.1-9% in the US, 0.9% in the UK, and 4-10% in Asia and parts of Africa. Frequency is known to be higher in African Americans and Asians compared to caucasians.[4]

They are inherited features and usually appear on one side, but may be present on both sides in 25 to 50% of cases.

Causes

Preauricular sinuses and cysts result from developmental defects of the first and second pharyngeal arches.[5] This and other congenital ear malformations are sometimes associated with renal anomalies.[6] In rare cases they may be associated with branchio-oto-renal syndrome.

Complications

Occasionally a preauricular sinus or cyst can become infected.[7]

Most preauricular sinuses are asymptomatic and remain untreated unless they become infected too often.[8] Preauricular cysts are treated with surgery which, because of their close proximity to the facial nerve, is performed by an experienced surgeon, such as an otolaryngologist (a head and neck specialist).[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
  2. ↑ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
  3. ↑ Noah S Scheinfeld; Valerie Nozad (Mar 18, 2008). "Preauricular Sinuses". Retrieved 24 Feb 2009.
  4. ↑ Hong Jun Kim; Jae Heon Lee; Hyun Sang Cho; In Seok Moon (Sep 20, 2012). "A Case of Bilateral Postauricular Sinuses". Retrieved 4 Jan 2015.
  5. ↑ From Stedman's Medical Spellchecker cited in WrongDiagnosis.com (2006). "Preauricular Sinus". Retrieved 24 Feb 2009.
  6. ↑ Raymond Y. Wang, Dawn L. Earl, Robert O. Ruder, John M. Graham Jr. "Syndromic Ear Anomalies and Renal Ultrasounds".
  7. ↑ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
  8. ↑ Stephen Ludwig, Stephan Strobel, Stephen D. Marks, Pete K. Smith, Ph.D., Magdi H. El Habbal, M.D., Lewis Spitz Visual Handbook of Pediatrics and Child Health Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008; page 517. ISBN 0-7817-9505-2
  9. ↑ Michael Hawke Ear Disease Published by PMPH-USA, 2003; page 5. ISBN 1-55009-241-3

External links

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