Rice Lofts

The Rice
(Rice Hotel)
The top of the The Rice Lofts, indicating its former name
Location 909 Texas Avenue
@ Main Street
Houston, Texas
United States
Coordinates 29°45′38″N 95°21′46″W / 29.7605°N 95.3628°W / 29.7605; -95.3628Coordinates: 29°45′38″N 95°21′46″W / 29.7605°N 95.3628°W / 29.7605; -95.3628
Built 1913
Architect Mauran, Russell & Crowell; Alfred C. Finn, and J. Russ Baty
NRHP Reference # 78002947
Added to NRHP June 23, 1978

The Rice Lofts, formerly the Rice Hotel, is a historic building at 909 Texas Avenue in Downtown Houston, Texas, United States. The current building is the third to occupy the site. It was completed in 1913 on the site of the former Capitol building of the Republic of Texas, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The old Capitol building was operated as a hotel until it was torn down and replaced by a five-story hotel around 1881. The 1913 Rice Hotel building underwent two major expansions in 1925 and 1958, as well as several remodelings. It continued to operate as a hotel before finally shutting down in 1977. The Rice was renovated and turned into apartments in 1998 after twenty-one years of standing unused.

Capitol Building

When Augustus Allen and John Kirby Allen commissioned the first survey of Houston in the fall of 1836, they made plans to set aside property for use by the Republic of Texas. Eventually they chose property on the south side of Texas Avenue between Travis and Main Street. They also agreed to construct a capitol building for the Texas government, and leased the building on easy terms.[1][2]

Republic of Texas used this as its capitol building from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1842 to 1845.[3] In 1841, Mr. M. Norwood leased the building from the Allen Brothers, and ran it as the Capitol Hotel. After the Texas government left Houston again, Augustus Allen resumed leasing the building to various hotel operators. R.S. Blount bought the property in 1857.[4][5] There were various hotel operators between 1857 and 1881 with a few name changes (Houston House and Barnes House).[3]

Anson Jones, the last president of the Republic of Texas, committed suicide at the hotel in 1858.[6][7]

First Rice Hotel building

Col. Abraham Groesbeck razed the original building and constructed a five-story Victorian hotel in 1881.[3] The building, then known as the Capitol Hotel, was designed by George E. Dickey, and represented his first major commission since relocating to Houston in 1878.[8]

William Marsh Rice bought the hotel after Groesbeck died in 1886. He added a three-story annex. Rice was murdered in 1900, and the hotel property was transferred to the Rice Institute, which he had established in 1891. The Rice Institute trustees renamed it the Rice Hotel.[3]

Jessie H. Jones, who would later redevelop the site, resided at the original Rice Hotel when he first arrived in Houston.[9] Texas Governor James Hogg maintained a Houston residence there in 1904.[10]

Rice Hotel in a 1913 illustration

Second Rice Hotel building

The hotel had been losing money and its taxes unpaid. Jesse H. Jones offered to lease the land from the Rice Institute and replace the existing hotel through his company, the Houston Hotel Association. Jones obtained a ninety-nine year lease with an option for a ninety-nine year extension. The Rice Institute also invested funds from its endowment to assist Jones in building a new hotel. After demolishing the original Rice Hotel in 1912, Jones hired Mauran, Russell & Crowell to design the new hotel. The new seventeen-story, C-shaped (or U-shaped) hotel opened in May 1913.[3] The hotel featured four restaurants, a banquet room, a small concert hall, and a rooftop deck. The construction cost was about $3.5 million.[11]

In the first five years, the new Rice Hotel was losing money, but the Houston Hotel Association was able to repay its loans. Jesse Jones continued improving the building. In 1922, he installed air-conditioning in the Rice Hotel Cafeteria, the first for a public room in Houston. In 1924, he expanded the capacity of the cafeteria. In 1925, Jones hired Alfred C. Finn to design a new wing for the hotel, increasing the number of rooms to over 1,000 and creating the building's current E-shaped configuration. The Crystal Ballroom was air-conditioned in 1928, the same year that Houston hosted the National Democratic Convention.[3][12] Jones continued investing in the Rice Hotel through the 1930s. The Rice Barber Shop was remodeled in 1930, and a major remodeling of the bottom floors in 1938 coincided with a new, art-deco dining area, the Empire Room.[12]

In 1940, Jones embarked on another major remodeling, transforming the cafeteria into the Skyline Room, replete with plastic upholstery and fluorescent lighting. A first among Houston hotels, the Rice installed an escalator in 1946. By 1949, all the guest rooms were air-conditioned.[12] In 1951, Jones hired Staub & Rather to transform the roof deck over the seventeenth floor into an eighteenth floor edition to house the Petroleum Club of Houston.[4]

After Jones died in 1956, the estate conveyed the Rice Hotel building to the Jones family non-profit, the Houston Endowment. The Rice continued to operate as a hotel under the management of the Houston Endowment until 1971. In 1957, Houston Endowment remodeled the Old Capital Club and the Flag Room from the previously existing Empire Room. They commissioned a five-story annex for a motor lobby and a second grand ballroom in 1958.[4][3][12] The hotel featured fine dining in the Flag Room, a casual first-floor coffee shop, and the underground Rice Hotel Cafeteria, known for its signature dish, rice pudding. It had a variety of retail shops, including a lobby news stand, a hat store, and Bilton's Fine Jewelry.[13]

In 1962 the Rice Hotel was used for a meeting of NASA Astronaut Group 2 - The New Nine - all of whom booked in with the code name "Max Peck" as portrayed on the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon.

John F. Kennedy visited the Rice Hotel in 1962, and in 1963 before traveling to Fort Worth, and then Dallas, where he was assassinated. Kennedy used a suite at the Rice Hotel to hold meetings, which was supplied with caviar, champagne, and his favorite beer. After a brief visit at a LULAC event and his speech at the Albert Thomas Convention Center, he returned to his suite for a change of clothes. After less than six hours in Houston, he headed to the airport for his flight to Fort Worth.[14] He also delivered his famous speech on religion in politics there to the Greater Houston Ministerial Conference on Sept. 12, 1960.[15] Other notable people who have orated at the Rice are Texas Governor William P. Hobby and Captain James A. Baker of Baker and Botts.[3]

Other notable guests of the Rice Hotel include Groucho Marx and Liberace.[16] Notable musicians who have performed at the Rice include Tommy Dorsey, Perry Como,[3] Xavier Cugat, Woody Herman, and Laurence Welk.[16]

Rice University assumed ownership of the Rice Hotel through a donation from the Houston Endowment. The university had already owned the land since 1900, and the hotel had been operating under a ninety-nine year lease. The hotel ran profitably for a couple of years. However, Rice University estimated compliance to a new 1974 Houston fire code would cost as much as $1.2 million.[4][12][3] In December 1974, the university warned that they might demolish the hotel if they could not sell it. Rittenhouse Capital Corporation purchased the property in 1975, and briefly operated as the Rice-Rittenhouse, opening in April 1976 after being closed for remodeling. The hotel closed again in August 1977.[4]

Several entities assumed financial interests in the Rice Hotel after the August 1977 closure. The Rice Preservation Corporation purchased the Rice Hotel property at auction in September 1977. Portfolio Management of Texas bought the property early in 1978 for $3 million, much more than the $542,962 paid at the 1977 foreclosure auction. The new owners secured a listing on the National Register of Historic Places and federal funding to convert the building into apartments. Portfolio Management of Texas did not raise enough capital and did not execute the federal grant. In 1981, Rovi Texas Corporation purchased the property for $7.75 million and announced they would operate it as a luxury hotel. The business plan was based on federal aid of $9.7 million, which was not forthcoming. Rovi Texas allowed its bank, Frankfurt BFG-Bank AG, to assume ownership of the property. The German Bank was asking $15 million to $17 million to sell until they discovered structural problems with the building, leading them to cut their asking price in half.[4]

Restoration

Randall Davis inquired about redeveloping the Rice Hotel property in 1995. He had already rehabilitated old buildings and repurposed them as loft apartments. Three examples are the Dakota Lofts, the Hogg Palace, and the Tribeca Lofts.[12]

Michael Stevens, head of the Houston Housing Finance Corporation (HHFC), proposed a public-private partnership, which included $5 million in capital from the Randall Davis investment group with a $5 million matching funds from the City of Houston. However, as cost estimates for the renovation increased, private investors backed out. Stevens developed a tax increment financing (TIF) scheme in which the Rice project would borrow against future tax revenue increases. The City of Houston planned a Tax Increment Reinvestment Zone (TIRZ), placing the Rice within its boundaries. Based on projected tax revenue of $700,000, he coaxed a $6 million loan from Wells Fargo Bank, replacing the $5 million from the Davis group under the original plan. As head of HHFC, Stevens committed another $8 million to the project, $3 million of which would go toward buying the Rice outright. HHFC would recover its investment through selling federal tax credits for restoring historic buildings.[17]

Stevens sold most of the municipal interest in the hotel to Columbus Properties for $4.5 million in cash. Columbus (later renamed "Post Properties) also assumed all the municipal debt related to the project, but also gained the tax credits and the ground lease. The city retained ownership of the property,[17] while Davis obtained a forty-year lease.[12]

Davis hired the architectural firm of Page Southerland Page to plan the renovation of the abandoned Rice Hotel. The firm presented Davis with a plan to limit public rooms to the ground floor. Alternatively, the Texas State Historical Association proposed restoring the Crystal Ballroom. Davis decided to model the public area after the 1913 Rice Hotel. This included restoration of the former two-story lobby, the Crystal Ballroom, and the Empire Room. The ground floor reserved 25,000-square feet of retail space, with a wide cast iron awning covering the sidewalks on the Texas Avenue side and part of the Main Street side.[12]

Rice Lofts

Sign indicating The Rice Lofts

Post Properties (renamed from Columbus Properties) opened the Rice Lofts for tenants in April 1998.[3] After renovation from 1000 hotel rooms into lofts, the building housed 312 apartments, including some 500-square foot efficiencies, many 1500-square foot apartments, and a few three-story penthouses.[12] Efficiency apartments rented as low as $750 per month.[3]

Sambuca, a jazz club, opened in ground floor space at the Rice on October 28, 1998.[18] Sambuca, which was still operating at the same location as of November 19, 2014, announced plans to open a new bar "Lawless" on the second floor.[19]

In early 2014, Post Properties listed the building for sale, while claiming an apartment occupancy rate of ninety-five percent and an average rental price of $1,700 per month.[19] Later that year, CH Realty/MF Houston Rice VI (Crow Holding Capital Partners) acquired the building from Post Properties.[20]

In 2014, Crow Holding Capital Partners announced plans to make renovations.[21] The owners hired architectural firm Page to design the renovations. The plan includes installing appliances and remodeling each apartment, and moving a swimming pool and fitness center from the basement to the second floor.[19]

A Houston Chronicle article stated that the Rice Lofts are believed to be haunted by spirits dancing on the roof.[22]

Tenants

The Petroleum Club of Houston, founded in 1946,[23] was originally located in the top area of the Rice Hotel. It moved to the ExxonMobil Building in 1963.[24]

Zoned schools

The Rice Lofts is zoned to the Houston Independent School District.

Residents are zoned to Crockett Elementary School,[25] Gregory Lincoln Education Center (for middle school),[26] and Davis High School.[27]

By Spring 2011 Atherton Elementary School and E.O. Smith Education Center were consolidated with a new K-5 campus in the Atherton site.[28] As a result, the building was rezoned from Smith to Gregory Lincoln.[26][29]

See also

References

  1. ↑ McComb, David G., Houston: a history (1981, revised). University of Texas Press: Austin, Texas, p.14-15.
  2. ↑ "The Historic Rice Hotel, Shuttered for 20 Years, Again a Houston Landmark". hotelonline.com. Retrieved 2007-05-04.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rogers, Karen Hess (1999). "The Rice Hotel...Rice Institute Connection" (PDF). The Cornerstone: the newsletter of the Rice Historical Society. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Elliot, Margie C. and Charles D Maynard, Jr (Fall 1992-Winter 1993). "The Rice Hotel" (PDF). Cite (Rice Design Alliance). Retrieved October 31, 2014.
  5. ↑ It is not clear whether Augustus or Charlotte owned the property just before it was sold in 1857. John Kirby Allen had died in 1838 without a will. After 1843, there was a dispute about his estate, which led to a permanent estrangement between Augustus and Charlotte Allen. Augustus left Houston in 1852. Amelia W. Williams, "ALLEN, AUGUSTUS CHAPMAN," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fal17), accessed November 17, 2014. Uploaded on June 9, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
  6. ↑ "Old Houston". Landmarks and Monuments, 174 Years of Historic Houston. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
  7. ↑ Johnston, Marguerite (1991). Texas A&M University Press: College Station, Texas, p. 59. ISBN 0-89096-476-9.
  8. ↑ Fox, Stephen. "George E. Dickey". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 15, 2014.Handbook of Texas Online. Uploaded on June 12, 2010.
  9. ↑ Fenberg, Steven (2011). Unprecedented Power: Jesse Jones, Capitalism, and the Common Good. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, p.37. ISBN 9781603444347.
  10. ↑ Johnston, p.126.
  11. ↑ Johnston, p.181.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Webb, Bruce C.(Spring 1999)."Deconstructing the Rice" (PDF). Cite (Rice Design Alliance). Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  13. ↑ http://uhdigitallibrary.blogspot.com/2012/05/still-standing.html University of Houston Digital Library
  14. ↑ Johnson, Laurie and Jack Williams, "JFK's Final Visit to Houston Came 50 Years Ago Today". Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Address of Senator John F. Kennedy to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association, September 12, 1960". JFK Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  16. 1 2 Westheimer, David (Spring 1999). "Rice Memories" (PDF). Cite (Rice Design Alliance). p. 21. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  17. 1 2 Shields, Mitchell J. (Spring 1999). "Follow the Money" (PDF). Cite (Rice Design Alliance). p. 22. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  18. ↑ Mitchell, Rick (November 5, 1998). "Riffs at the Rice". Houston Chronicle.
  19. 1 2 3 Sarnoff, Nancy (October 10, 2014). "Updates planned for historic downtown Rice building". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
  20. ↑ Sarnoff, Nancy. "Historic Rice Hotel has a new owner." Houston Chronicle. May 2, 2014. Retrieved on August 9, 2014.
  21. ↑ Sarnoff, Nancy. "Rice Hotel owners planning major renovations." Houston Chronicle. May 16, 2014. Retrieved on August 9, 2014.
  22. ↑ Berkowitz, Lana. "Downtown Houston can be a real ghost town." Houston Chronicle. October 21, 2007. Retrieved on March 7, 2010.
  23. ↑ Sarnoff, Nancy. "Bucks for the memories: Petroleum Club auctions off some of its relics." Houston Chronicle. November 13, 2014. Retrieved on March 9, 2015.
  24. ↑ "Petroleum Club of Houston". Greater Houston Convention and Visitors Bureau. 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2013. (Archive)
  25. ↑ "Crockett Elementary Attendance Zone." Houston Independent School District. Retrieved on August 3, 2009.
  26. 1 2 "Gregory Lincoln Middle Attendance Zone." Houston Independent School District. Retrieved on July 26, 2011.
  27. ↑ "Davis High School Attendance Zone." Houston Independent School District. Retrieved on August 3, 2009.
  28. ↑ "Board Approves School Closings and Consolidations." Houston Independent School District. November 14, 2008.
  29. ↑ "E. O. Smith Middle Attendance Zone." Houston Independent School District. Retrieved on April 7, 2009.

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