Portuguese presidential election, 2011
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The 2011 Portuguese presidential election was held on 23 January 2011. This election resulted in the re-election of Aníbal Cavaco Silva to a second term as President of Portugal. Turnout in this election was very low, where only 46.52% of the electorate cast their ballots. Cavaco Silva won by a landslide winning all 18 districts, both Autonomous regions of Azores and Madeira and 292 municipalities of a total of 308.
Procedure
Any Portuguese citizen over 35 years old has the opportunity to run for president. In order to do so it is necessary to gather between 7500 and 15000 signatures and submit them to the Portuguese Constitutional Court.
According to the Portuguese Constitution, to be elected, a candidate needs a simple majority (50% + 1). If no candidate gets this majority there is a second round between the two most voted candidates.
Political context
During the 2006 presidential elections, former Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva, the only candidate of the center-right had won the ballot in the first round with 50.5% of the votes cast. He had faced two particular candidates from the ruling Socialist Party, the official candidate Mário Soares, former President of the Republic came in third with 14.3%, Manuel Alegre, a dissident, ranked second with 20.7% of votes . This historic victory of a conservative candidate, the first after the Carnation Revolution, inaugurated a period of "political cohabitation" with Socialist Prime Minister José Sócrates.
The general elections of September 2009 confirmed this situation, and brought the PS once again to power, however depriving him of his absolute majority. The situation of economic and financial crisis that the country lives led to the adoption of an austerity plan and budget for more frequent intervention of the Head of State in politics to promote agreement among political parties in the country.
Candidates
Official candidates
- Aníbal Cavaco Silva: President since 2006 and eligible for a second term. Supported by:
Social Democratic Party,
People's Party,
Hope for Portugal Movement - Manuel Alegre: Former member of the Assembly of the Republic. Supported by:
Socialist Party,
Left Bloc,
Portuguese Workers' Communist Party,
Democratic Party of the Atlantic - Fernando Nobre: Independent.
- Defensor Moura: Member of the Socialist Party and former mayor of Viana do Castelo, running as an independent.
- Francisco Lopes: Supported by:
Portuguese Communist Party,
Ecologist Party "The Greens" - José Manuel Coelho: Independent, supported by the New Democracy Party.
Unsuccessful candidacies
- Luís Botelho Ribeiro: Leader of the Pro-life Party. His application was formalised on Monday, 20 December, with over 8,000 signatures. His candidacy was analysed by the Constitutional Court. On 29 December, the court concluded that his candidady did not meet the requirements provided by law.
- José Ribeiro e Castro: Member of the Democratic and Social Centre – People´s Party, speculated to run as an alternative right-wing candidate, because of Cavaco's decision to approve same-sex marriage. However, he did not go forward with his candidacy.
- José Pinto Coelho: Leader of the far-right National Renovator Party. He declared that his candidacy for the presidency "was been cut short" by failing to gather the 7,500 signatures required. He claimed to have gathered 5,878 signatures.
Opinion polling
| Date released | Poll source |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Others/ Undecided |
Lead | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cavaco PSD, CDS-PP – Inc. |
Alegre PS |
Nobre Ind. |
Moura Ind. |
Lopes PCP |
Coelho PND | ||||
| 23 January 2011 | Election Results | 53.0 | 19.7 | 14.1 | 1.6 | 7.1 | 4.5 | |
33.3 over Alegre |
| 23 January 2011 (20:00) | Exit Poll - RTP1 Universidade Católica |
52.0 – 58.0 | 18.0 – 21.0 | 13.5 – 16.5 | 1.0 – 2.0 | 5.0 – 8.0 | 2.0 – 4.0 | |
34.0 – 37.0 over Alegre |
| 23 January 2011 (20:00) | Exit Poll - SIC Eurosondagem |
51.6 – 56.0 | 17.1 – 20.9 | 13.1 – 16.3 | 1.1 – 2.1 | 6.3 – 7.5 | 3.3 – 4.5 | |
34.5 – 35.1 over Alegre |
| 23 January 2011 (20:00) | Exit Poll - TVI INTERCAMPUS |
51.4 – 55.4 | 17.2 – 21.2 | 12.4 – 16.4 | 0.7 – 2.7 | 5.8 – 8.8 | 3.1 – 5.1 | |
34.2 over Alegre |
| Exit polls | |||||||||
| 21 January 2011 | Sol (average) | 58.0 | 22.0 | 11.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 2.0 | |
36.0 over Alegre |
| 21 January 2011 | Universidade Católica | 59.0 | 22.0 | 10.0 | 1.0 | 6.0 | 2.0 | |
37.0 over Alegre |
| 21 January 2011 | Eurosondagem | 56.3 | 25.0 | 10.1 | 2.0 | 5.2 | 1.4 | |
31.3 over Alegre |
| 21 January 2011 | Aximage | 54.7 | 25.6 | 10.7 | 1.8 | 6.3 | 0.9 | |
29.1 over Alegre |
| 20 January 2011 | INTERCAMPUS | 54.6 | 22.8 | 9.1 | 2.6 | 8.2 | 2.7 | |
31.8 over Alegre |
| 19 January 2011 | Marktest | 61.5 | 15.0 | 12.7 | 1.2 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 4.2 | 46.5 over Alegre |
| 8 January 2011 | Aximage | 57.1 | 20.8 | 8.7 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 7.8 | 36.3 over Alegre |
| 7 January 2011 | INTERCAMPUS | 60.1 | 25.3 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 6.3 | 1.6 | |
34.8 over Alegre |
| 23 December 2010 | Eurosondagem | 60.0 | 30.0 | 4.8 | 0.7 | 4.5 | |
|
30.0 over Alegre |
| 19 December 2010 | INTERCAMPUS | 64.3 | 20.7 | 5.5 | 1.0 | 4.5 | |
|
43.6 over Alegre |
| 27 November 2010 | Eurosondagem | 57.0 | 32.0 | 5.2 | 1.0 | 4.8 | |
|
25.0 over Alegre |
| 26 November 2010 | Marktest | 78.3 | 15.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | |
|
63.3 over Alegre |
| 21 November 2010 | INTERCAMPUS | 61.5 | 26.1 | 4.5 | 0.5 | 3.7 | |
3.7 | 35.4 over Alegre |
| 29 October 2010 | Marktest | 71.3 | 20.2 | 5.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | |
|
51.1 over Alegre |
| 29 October 2010 | Universidade Católica | 63.0 | 20.0 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | |
|
43.0 over Alegre |
| 13 October 2010 | Aximage | 55.1 | 35.7 | 7.1 | 0.2 | 1.9 | |
|
19.4 over Alegre |
| 9 October 2010 | INTERCAMPUS | 55.5 | 30.7 | 4.9 | 1.2 | 5.6 | |
|
24.8 over Alegre |
| 25 September 2010 | Marktest | 71.0 | 22.0 | 4.0 | 0.2 | 1.0 | |
|
49.0 over Alegre |
| 24 September 2010 | Eurosondagem | 54.9 | 33.0 | 6.2 | 1.1 | 4.8 | |
|
21.9 over Alegre |
| 12 September 2010 | Aximage | 58.1 | 32.1 | 5.4 | 0.0 | 4.4 | |
|
26.0 over Alegre |
| 31 July 2010 | Marktest | 67.1 | 19.6 | 10.0 | 0.7 | |
|
|
47.5 over Alegre |
| 24 July 2010 | INTERCAMPUS | 59.4 | 26.8 | 9.1 | 2.9 | |
|
|
32.6 over Alegre |
| 12 July 2010 | Euroexpansão | 51.1 | 14.7 | 4.1 | |
|
|
22.1 | 36.4 over Alegre |
| 11 July 2010 | Aximage | 55.3 | 26.9 | 11.6 | |
|
|
6.2 | 28.4 over Alegre |
| 28 June 2010 | Universidade Católica | 50.0 | 19.0 | 7.0 | |
|
|
25.0 | 31.0 over Alegre |
| 13 June 2010 | Aximage | 53.4 | 28.1 | 8.6 | |
|
|
9.9 | 25.3 over Alegre |
| 14 March 2010 | Universidade Católica | 57.0 | 19.0 | 8.0 | |
|
|
16.0 | 38.0 over Alegre |
| 13 March 2010 | Aximage | 56.0 | 21.6 | 13.8 | |
|
|
8.6 | 34.4 over Alegre |
| 12 March 2010 | Eurosondagem | 36.9 | 25.0 | 9.6 | |
(5.0) | |
23.5 | 11.9 over Alegre |
| 22 January 2010 | Aximage | 60.3 | 39.7 | |
|
|
|
|
20.6 over Alegre |
Campaign Budgets
| Candidate (party) | Election Result |
State Subsidy | Political Parties Contributions |
Fundraising | Total Recipes | Expenses | Debt | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calculated | Budgeted | Calculated | Budgeted | ||||||
| Silva, CavacoCavaco Silva (PSD, CDS-PP, MEP) | 53.0% | €1,920,000 | €1,570,000 | €0 | €550,000 | €2,470,000 | €2,120,000 | €2,120,000 | €0 |
| Alegre, ManuelManuel Alegre (PS, BE, PDA, PCTP) | 19.7% | €836,000 | €1,350,000 | €500,000 | €50,000 | €1,386,000 | €1,900,000 | €1,640,000 | €254,000 |
| Nobre, FernandoFernando Nobre (I) | 14.1% | €653,000 | €511,200 | €0 | €331,460 | €984,460 | €842,660 | €842,660 | €0 |
| Lopes, FranciscoFrancisco Lopes (PCP, PEV) | 7.1% | €425,000 | €512,000 | €270,000 | €18,000 | €713,000 | €800,000 | €800,000 | €87,000 |
| Moura, DefensorDefensor Moura (I) | 1.6% | €0 | €225,000 | €0 | €25,000 | €25,000 | €250,000 | €250,000 | €225,000 |
| Coelho, José ManuelJosé Manuel Coelho (PND) | 4.5% | €0 | €10,000 | €30,000 | €50,000 | €80,000 | €90,000 | €90,000 | €10,000 |
| Ribeiro, Luís BotelhoLuís Botelho Ribeiro (PPV) | - | - | €7,000 | €0 | €0 | €7,000 | €7,000 | €7,000 | €0 |
| Source: Portuguese Constitutional Court (TC)[1] (Note that some candidates filed with the TC, but did not pursue their candidacy.) | |||||||||
Results
Candidate receiving most votes, per district (Azores and Madeira not shown)
Summary of the 23 January 2011 Portuguese presidential election results
| Candidates | Supporting parties | First round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | |||
| Aníbal Cavaco Silva | Social Democratic Party, People's Party, Hope for Portugal Movement | 2,231,956 | 52.95 | |
| Manuel Alegre | Socialist Party, Left Bloc, Democratic Party of the Atlantic, Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | 831,838 | 19.74 | |
| Fernando Nobre | Independent | 593,021 | 14.07 | |
| Francisco Lopes | Portuguese Communist Party, Ecologist Party "The Greens" | 301,017 | 7.14 | |
| José Manuel Coelho | New Democracy Party | 189,918 | 4.51 | |
| Defensor Moura | Independent | 67,110 | 1.59 | |
| Total valid | 4,214,860 | 100.00 | ||
| Blank ballots | 192,127 | 4.28 | ||
| Invalid ballots | 85,466 | 1.90 | ||
| Total (turnout 46.52%) | 4,492,453 | |||
| Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições | ||||
See also
References
- ↑ Campaign Budgets for the 2011 Presidential election, Portuguese Constitutional Court, retrieved 24 December 2010.
External links
- Official campaign websites
- Cavaco Silva official website
- Manuel Alegre official website
- Fernando Nobre official website
- Francisco Lopes official website
- Defensor Moura official website
- José Manuel Coelho official website
- Other websites
- Portuguese Electoral Commission
- Official results site, Portuguese Justice Ministry
- Publication of Polls (ERC)
- NSD: European Election Database - Portugal publishes regional level election data; allows for comparisons of election results, 1990–2010
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