Polysorbate 20
 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate | |
| Other names
Polysorbate 20 PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate Alkest TW 20 Tween 20 | |
| Identifiers | |
9005-64-5  | |
| RTECS number | TR7400000 |
| Properties | |
| C58H114O26 | |
| Molar mass | 1227.54 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear, yellow to yellow-green viscous liquid. |
| Density | 1.1 g/mL (approximate) |
| Boiling point | > 100 °C |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Irritant |
| Safety data sheet | External MSDS |
| NFPA 704 | |
| Flash point | 110 °C (230 °F; 383 K) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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| Infobox references | |
Polysorbate 20 (common commercial brand names include Scattics, Alkest TW 20 and Tween 20) is a polysorbate surfactant whose stability and relative nontoxicity allows it to be used as a detergent and emulsifier in a number of domestic, scientific, and pharmacological applications. It is a polyoxyethylene derivative of sorbitan monolaurate, and is distinguished from the other members in the polysorbate range by the length of the polyoxyethylene chain and the fatty acid ester moiety. The commercial product contains a range of chemical species.[1]
Food applications
Polysorbate 20 is used as a wetting agent in flavored mouth drops such as Ice Drops, helping to provide a spreading feeling to other ingredients like SD alcohol and mint flavor.
The World Health Organization has suggested acceptable daily intake limits of 0-25 mg of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters per kg body weight.[2]
Biotechnical applications
In biological techniques and sciences, Polysorbate 20 has a broad range of applications. For example, it is used:
- as a washing agent in immunoassays, such as Western blots and ELISAs. It helps to prevent non-specific antibody binding. In this major application, it is dissolved in Tris-Buffered Saline or Phosphate buffered saline at dilutions of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v. These buffers are used for washes between each immunoreactions, to remove unbound immunologicals, and eventually for incubation solutions of immunoreagents (labeled antibodies) to reduce unspecific background.
- to saturate binding sites on surfaces (i.e., to coat polystyrene microplates, generally combined with proteins such as BSA).
- to stabilize proteins purified protein derivative (PPD) solution used in skin testing for tuberculosis exposure
- as a solubilizing agent of membrane proteins
- for lysing mammalian cells, at a concentration of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v, generally combined with other detergents, salts and additives.
Pharmaceutical applications
Polysorbate 20 is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical applications to stabilize emulsions and suspensions.
Industrial and domestic applications
The Clorox-made cleaning solution used by the iRobot Scooba floor-washing robot lists Tween 20 as one of its major ingredients on its MSDS.
Polysorbate 20 is also used by philatelists to remove stamps from envelopes and to remove residues from stamps, without harming the stamp itself.
Polysorbate 20 is also used as wetting agent in rubber baler in the elastomer industry
Recently Polysorbate 20 (Tween 20) has been used as a shape directing agent to synthesize spheroidal magnetite nanoassemblies.[3]
Data
Polysorbate 20's cmc is 8.04×10−5 M at 21 °C. This corresponds to 0.0987 g/L or approximately 0.01% w/v. Polysorbate 20's hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) is: 16.7. HLB number is a measure of how much a surfactant will move into the water and oil phase. A high HLB number like 16.7 indicates that the surfactant will travel into the water phase. [4]
References
Tween® and Tween 20® are registered trademarks of Croda Americas
- ↑ Ayorinde FO, Gelain SV, Johnson JH Jr, Wan LW. (2000). "Analysis of some commercial polysorbate formulations using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 14 (22): 2116–2124. doi:10.1002/1097-0231(20001130)14:22<2116::AID-RCM142>3.0.CO;2-1. PMID 11114018.
- ↑ Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (1974). "Toxicological evaluation of some food additives including anticaking agents, antimicrobials, antioxidants, emulsifiers and thickening agents". WHO Food Additives Series No. 5. World Health Organization.
- ↑ Q. Maqbool, C. Singh, A. Paul and A. Srivastava J. Mat. Chem. C, 2015, 3, 1610
- ↑ Chunhee Kim, You-Lo Hsieh (2001). "Wetting and absorbency of nonionic surfactant solutions on cotton fabrics". Colloids and Surfaces A 187: 385–397. doi:10.1016/S0927-7757(01)00653-7.