List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryotic organism to have its complete genome sequence determined.

This list of sequenced eukaryotic genomes contains all the eukaryotes known to have publicly available complete nuclear and organelle genome sequences that have been assembled, annotated and published; draft genomes are not included, nor are organelle-only sequences.

DNA was first sequenced in 1977. The first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, in 1995. In 1996 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be released and in 1998 the first genome sequence for a multicellular eukaryote, Caenorhabditis elegans, was released.

Protists

Following are the six earliest sequenced genomes of protists. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced protist genomes.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Guillardia theta Cryptomonad Model organism 0.551 Mb
(nucleomorph genome only)		 465,[1] 513, 598 (UniProt) Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, Philipps-University Marburg and the University of British Columbia 2001[1]
Plasmodium falciparum
Clone:3D7		 Apicomplexan Human pathogen (malaria) 22.9 Mb 5,268[2] Malaria Genome Project Consortium 2002[2]
Plasmodium yoelii yoelii
Strain:17XNL		 Apicomplexan Rodent pathogen (malaria) 23.1 Mb 5,878[3] TIGR and NMRC 2002[3]
Cryptosporidium hominis
Strain:TU502		 Apicomplexan Human pathogen 10.4 Mb 3,994[4] Virginia Commonwealth University 2004[4]
Cryptosporidium parvum
C- or genotype 2 isolate		 Apicomplexan Human pathogen 16.5 Mb 3,807[5] UCSF and University of Minnesota 2004[5]
Thalassiosira pseudonana
Strain:CCMP 1335		 Diatom Model organism 34.5 Mb 11,242[6] Joint Genome Institute and the University of Washington 2004[6]

Plants

Following are the five earliest sequenced genomes of plants. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced plant genomes.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of chromosomes Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Arabidopsis thaliana
Ecotype:Columbia		 Wild mustard Thale Cress Model plant 119 Mb 5 25,498,[7] 27,400,[8] 31,670 (UniProt) Arabidopsis Genome Initiative[9] 2000[7]
Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Strain:10D		 Red alga Simple eukaryote 16.5 Mb 20 5,331[10] University of Tokyo, Rikkyo University, Saitama University and Kumamoto University 2004[10]
Oryza sativa
ssp indica		 Rice Crop and model organism 420 Mb 12 32-50,000[11] Beijing Genomics Institute, Zhejiang University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2002[11]
Ostreococcus tauri Green alga Simple eukaryote, small genome 12.6 Mb 7,969 (UniProt) Laboratoire Arago 2006[12]
Populus trichocarpa Balsam poplar or Black Cottonwood Carbon sequestration, model tree, commercial use (timber), and comparison to A. thaliana 550 Mb 19 45,555[13] The International Poplar Genome Consortium 2006[13]

Fungi

Following are the five earliest sequenced genomes of fungi. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced fungi genomes.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Strain:S288C		 Saccharomycetes Baker's Yeast; Model eukaryote 12.1 Mb 6,294[14] International Collaboration for the Yeast Genome Sequencing[15] 1996[14]
Encephalitozoon cuniculi Microsporidium Human pathogen 2.9 Mb 1,997[16] Genoscope and Université Blaise Pascal 2001[16]
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Strain:972h-		 Schizosaccharomycetes Model eukaryote 14 Mb 4,824[17] Sanger Institute and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 2002[17]
Neurospora crassa Sordariomycetes Model eukaryote 40 Mb 10,082[18] Broad Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, University of Kentucky, and the University of Kansas 2003[18]
Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Strain:RP78 		Agaricomycetes Wood rotting fungus, use in mycoremediation 30Mb 11,777[19] Joint Genome Institute 2004[19]

Animals

Following are the five earliest sequenced genomes of animals. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced animal genomes.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Caenorhabditis elegans
Strain:Bristol N2		 Nematode Model animal 100 Mb 19,000[20] Washington University and the Sanger Institute 1998[20]
Drosophila melanogaster Fruit fly Model animal 165 Mb 13,600[21] Celera, UC Berkeley, Baylor College of Medicine, European DGP 2000[21]
Homo sapiens Human 3.2 Gb[22] 20,251 (UniProt) Human Genome Project Consortium and Celera Genomics Draft 2001[23][24]
Complete 2006[25]
Anopheles gambiae
Strain: PEST		 Mosquito Vector of malaria 278 Mb 13,683[26] Celera Genomics and Genoscope 2002[26]
Takifugu rubripes Puffer fish Vertebrate with small genome 390 Mb 22–29,000[27] International Fugu Genome Consortium[28] 2002[29]

See also

References

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  8. ↑ Ensembl entry
  9. ↑ Arabidopsis Genome Initiative
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  12. ↑ Derelle E, Ferraz C, Rombauts S, et al. (August 2006). "Genome analysis of the smallest free-living eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri unveils many unique features". PNAS 103 (31): 11647–52. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10311647D. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604795103. PMC 1544224. PMID 16868079.
  13. 1 2 Tuskan GA, Difazio S, Jansson S, et al. (September 2006). "The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray)". Science 313 (5793): 1596–604. Bibcode:2006Sci...313.1596T. doi:10.1126/science.1128691. PMID 16973872.
  14. 1 2 Goffeau A, Barrell BG, Bussey H, et al. (October 1996). "Life with 6000 genes". Science 274 (5287): 546, 563–7. Bibcode:1996Sci...274..546G. doi:10.1126/science.274.5287.546. PMID 8849441.
  15. ↑ International Collaboration for the Yeast Genome Sequencing
  16. 1 2 Katinka MD, Duprat S, Cornillot E, et al. (November 2001). "Genome sequence and gene compaction of the eukaryote parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi". Nature 414 (6862): 450–3. doi:10.1038/35106579. PMID 11719806.
  17. 1 2 Wood V, Gwilliam R, Rajandream MA, et al. (February 2002). "The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe". Nature 415 (6874): 871–80. doi:10.1038/nature724. PMID 11859360.
  18. 1 2 Galagan JE, Calvo SE, Borkovich KA, et al. (April 2003). "The genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa". Nature 422 (6934): 859–68. Bibcode:2003Natur.422..859G. doi:10.1038/nature01554. PMID 12712197.
  19. 1 2 Martinez, Diego; Larrondo, Luis F; Putnam, Nik; Gelpke, Maarten D Sollewijn; Huang, Katherine; Chapman, Jarrod; Helfenbein, Kevin G; Ramaiya, Preethi; et al. (2004). "Genome sequence of the lignocellulose degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78". Nature Biotechnology 22 (6): 695–700. doi:10.1038/nbt967. PMID 15122302.
  20. 1 2 C. elegans Sequencing Consortium (December 1998). "Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology". Science 282 (5396): 2012–8. doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2012. PMID 9851916.
  21. 1 2 Adams MD, Celniker SE, Holt RA, et al. (March 2000). "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster". Science 287 (5461): 2185–95. Bibcode:2000Sci...287.2185.. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2185. PMID 10731132.
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  26. 1 2 Holt RA, Subramanian GM, Halpern A, et al. (October 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science 298 (5591): 129–49. Bibcode:2002Sci...298..129H. doi:10.1126/science.1076181. PMID 12364791.H
  27. ↑ International Fugu Genome Consortium. Forth Genome Assembly
  28. ↑ International Fugu Genome Consortium
  29. ↑ Aparicio S, Chapman J, Stupka E, et al. (August 2002). "Whole-genome shotgun assembly and analysis of the genome of Fugu rubripes". Science 297 (5585): 1301–10. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1301A. doi:10.1126/science.1072104. PMID 12142439.

External links

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