Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy

In 2015 the anti-abortion organization The Center for Medical Progress (CMP) released several videos that had been secretly recorded by actors hired by CMP. In the videos, the actors‍—‌who were posing as representatives of a fake biotechnology company‍—‌discussed acquiring tissue and organs from aborted fetuses with officials for Planned Parenthood, a non-profit organization that provides reproductive health services throughout the United States

The first round of videos were found to be highly edited; however, CMP subsequently released less edited, supposedly unedited, and at least one embellished video. CMP founder David Daleiden alleged that the videos provided evidence of a "criminal conspiracy to make money off of aborted baby parts reach[ing] to the very highest levels" of Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood condemned CMP's allegations as false, and stated that the videos had been deceptively edited. According to Planned Parenthood's spokespeople, all of the organization's tissue donations are made "with full, appropriate consent from patients and under the highest ethical and legal standards", and there is "no financial benefit" from these donations "for either the patient or for Planned Parenthood".

The videos and CMP's allegations attracted widespread media coverage and caused widespread protests, re-invigorating the long-running political debate over abortion in the United States. In response to the controversy, Congressional lawmakers considered several bills to defund Planned Parenthood, none of which have become law. Several states elected to cut contracts and funding for Planned Parenthood.

Seven states‍—‌Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, Missouri, South Dakota, Pennsylvania, and Kansas‍—‌initiated investigations and none have found that Planned Parenthood clinics have illegally handled tissues as alleged by CMP and Planned Parenthood's adversaries. An investigation by the United States House of Representatives Oversight and Government Reform Committee found no evidence of wrongdoing by Planned Parenthood. In Florida, investigators from the Agency for Health Care Administration found on July 31, 2015, that three Planned Parenthood clinics were performing second-trimester abortions without the proper licenses, and that one clinic was failing to keep proper logs relating to fetal remains. A select committee, the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce Select Investigative Panel on Planned Parenthood, was formed to further investigate Planned Parenthood.

On October 13, 2015, Planned Parenthood announced that they would no longer accept reimbursement for fetal tissue donations. On January 25, 2016, a Texas grand jury indicted CMP founder David Daleiden while finding no wrongdoing with Planned Parenthood.

CMP's videos

The CMP videos consisted of portions of secretly recorded, hours-long conversations between actors hired by the CMP and Planned Parenthood staff. The actors posed as representatives of a non-existent company called Biomax Procurement Services, presenting themselves as potential buyers of fetal tissue and organs.[1] CMP claims that it has "hundreds if not thousands of hours of recordings".[2]

The videos were made over a period of 30 months, and have been released at a pace of about one a week.[3] The purpose has been to increase exposure, including media coverage, and to allow the public more time to consume and react to each video.[3] Americans United for Life began working with CMP beginning in January 2015, providing them with advice.[3] There were widespread protests at PPFA affiliates.[4][5][6] The debate over abortion was reinvigorated.[1]

In the first video there is discussion concerning fetal hearts, lungs and livers and efforts to retrieve these organs intact during abortion procedures.[7] She also gave a range of cost estimates for procuring fetal organs.[8] In the second video much of the conversation focused on how much money the buyers should pay. At one point the officials appeared to suggest that abortion procedures could be modified in order to preserve fetal organs and tissue.[9]

The third video features an interview with a StemExpress employee who states an "incentive to try and get the hard stuff 'cause you’re going to get more money"."[10] In the fourth video, a Planned Parenthood official worries that what the undercover activists are suggesting will be perceived as "selling fetal parts across states".[11] An unnamed medical assistant in the video, while examining a sample is quoted as saying "it's another boy!"[12][13]

The fifth video shows activists posing leading questions and devoting nearly one-third of the video to what The Guardian describes as a "stomach-churning sequence of anti-abortion activists picking through a bowl of fetal tissue".[14] The videos include graphic footage of a technician picking through the remains of an aborted fetus looking for specific organs and body parts.[10][15] Dawn Laguens, executive vice president of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, described the actions as "an extremely offensive intrusion and lack of respect for women, with footage of medical tissue in a lab", and said the video showed no evidence of wrongdoing on the part of Planned Parenthood.[16] The video includes an image of a stillborn fetus, published in the Daily Mail in January 2014, used without the permission of the woman in the photo, and in a way that falsely suggests that the stillborn was aborted.[17]

Financial aspects

The CMP presents the videos as evidence of Planned Parenthood engaging in the illegal sale of fetal tissue and organs,[1] and their dummy corporation Biomax offered one clinic US$1,600 for liver and thymus tissue, but the affiliate declined the offer.[18][19] The New York Times has characterized the offer as an attempt to "trap the affiliate in the act of accepting a high payment for fetal tissue".[18]

In the unedited version of the first video, PPFA staff repeatedly state that the organization makes no money from tissue donations, and that the US$30–100 charge only covers procurement costs.[1] PPFA have said they may donate fetal tissue at the request of a patient, but such tissue is never sold.[1][20] At one point in the video, a PPFA staffer states "nobody should be 'selling' tissue", and "that's just not the goal here".[21]

The fifth video shows Abby Johnson, a former Planned Parenthood clinic director and current pro-life activist,[22] stating that sale of fetal tissue and organs made her branch about US$120,000 a month.[23] Daleiden has also alleged that "Planned Parenthood illegally uses partial-birth abortions 'to harvest higher quality fetal organs for sale'".[23] In the same video, an official says that doctors can "get creative" and obtain more intact fetal organs and tissue in order to contribute to the "diversification of the revenue stream",[15] with the addition that "if we alter our process, and we are able to obtain intact fetal cadavers, then we can make it part of the budget".[24]

According to several experts in the field, the fees Planned Parenthood charged for human fetal tissue specimens were too low to make any profit for Planned Parenthood and constituted reasonable compensation for the costs of procurement, as allowed by Federal law. These experts included Sherilyn J. Sawyer, the director of Harvard University's and Brigham and Women’s Hospital's biorepository; Jim Vaught, president of the International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories and formerly the deputy director of the National Cancer Institute’s Office of Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research; and Carolyn Compton, the chief medical and science officer of Arizona State University's National Biomarkers Development Alliance and a former director of biorepositories and biospecimen research at the National Cancer Institute.[21]

On October 13, 2015, Planned Parenthood announced it would no longer accept reimbursement for the costs of collecting and shipping fetal tissue to research labs. Citing an "anti-abortion agenda" by some in Congress, Planned Parenthood stated the move was designed to remove a reason for politically motivated attacks.[25][26]

Alleged variation in abortion procedures

The CMP alleges that the videos show Planned Parenthood officials offering to make adjustments in the techniques used in abortions in order to acquire more intact fetal tissues and organs.[11] Federal law prohibits using different procedures to obtain human tissue for medical research,[24][27] as well as for delivering intact fetuses.[24] Planned Parenthood spokespeople have responded to CMP's allegations by stating that the organization follows "all laws – period," and that accusations made in CMP's videos "are false".[11][28]

Art Caplan, a professor of bioethics at New York University, has said that in abortion "the primary goal is to give the safest abortion possible. Your sole concern has to be the mother and her health".[29] He added that that it is "ethically very dangerous" to "put the mom’s health secondary".[30]

Alleged lack of consent from donors

In the sixth video, Holly O'Donnell, a pro-life former StemExpress technician, says that she was told by her superiors to encourage women seeking abortions to sign the consent forms, and that even when women refused to sign the fetal organs and tissues were sometimes taken anyway.[28][31] In the unedited first video, representatives claim the donations are only made with the patient's consent.[1] StemExpress has "unequivocally" denied O'Donnell's allegation, stating that the video is "deceptively edited and falsely worded to suggest impropriety or illegality where none exists".[28] Eric Ferrero, vice president of communication for the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, noted that O'Donnell "has never worked for Planned Parenthood", and called her claims "false and outrageous".[28]

Reactions

The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) published an editorial in support of Planned Parenthood's "efforts to channel fetal tissue into important medical research". The editorial argued that many medical advances would not have been made without fetal tissue research and that "Planned Parenthood, its physicians, and the researchers who do this work should be praised, not damned." The NEJM described CMP's actions as a "campaign of misinformation" and said that it is shameful that CMP "continues to twist the facts to achieve its ends". In addition, the NEJM praised Planned Parenthood's contributions to women's health care and stated that the "contraception services that Planned Parenthood delivers may be the single greatest effort to prevent the unwanted pregnancies that result in abortions".[32]

The editorial board of The New York Times described CMP's actions as a "campaign of deception against Planned Parenthood", and wrote that the "video campaign is a dishonest attempt to make legal, voluntary and potentially lifesaving tissue donations appear nefarious and illegal". Supporters of Planned Parenthood have complained that the videos were "highly edited",[16][33] although the Center for Medical Progress has released unedited videos along with the much shorter edited versions.[29][30][34] Defending the release of the videos in the Washington Post, columnist Charles Krauthammer said "these revelations will have an effect on public perceptions . . . by throwing open the door to the backroom where (the developing infant in utero) is destroyed".[35]

Cecile Richards, the president of Planned Parenthood, "personally apologize[d] for the staff member's tone and statements", saying the videos were "unacceptable".[36] Dawn Laguens, executive vice president of PPFA, stated: "The latest [fifth] tape has at least 20 substantial and unexplained edits. Previous tapes released by this extremist group were 'heavily edited' in order to distort what was actually said. These videos are intended to shock and deceive the public."[16] In a letter to a Congressional committee, PPFA wrote: "A group of extremists who have intimidated women and doctors for years‍—‌in their agenda to ban abortion completely‍—‌are not 'documenting' misdeeds; they are trying to create them, quite unsuccessfully."[1]

In response to Planned Parenthood, CMP stated that "we look forward to showing the public more clear evidence that Planned Parenthood routinely profits from the sale of baby parts and changes the abortion procedures it uses on pregnant women in order to do so".[20]

Investigations

Responding to the videos and to CMP's claims, three different congressional committees, as well as officials in a number of states launched investigations into Planned Parenthood's tissue collection activities.[7][37] One Congressional committee has asked to interview the filmed representatives to see if the statements made in the videos are consistent with existing federal law.[38][39]

On July 30, 2015, Indiana Governor Mike Pence announced that the state's investigation did not find any evidence of wrongdoing in Planned Parenthood's handling of fetal tissue.[40] In Massachusetts, where there is no fetal tissue and organ donation program, Attorney General Maura Healey found that aborted fetuses are disposed of properly in a report that "voiced strong support for" Planned Parenthood.[41] In Florida, investigators from the Agency for Health Care Administration found on July 31, 2015 that three Planned Parenthood clinics were performing second-trimester abortions without the proper licenses, and that one clinic was failing to keep proper logs relating to fetal remains. Planned Parenthood rejected the findings.[42]

Texas Governor Greg Abbott announced an investigation into practices in Texas, and said that the state would "expand its investigation" after the release of the second video,[30] and Missouri Attorney General Chris Koster announced that his office would investigate Planned Parenthood for any potential wrongdoing at its clinics in that state.[30] Investigations have also been launched in Ohio, Kansas, Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, and Louisiana, with calls for the Justice Department to investigate as well.[43]

At the local level, the Harris County district attorney launched a criminal investigation in conjunction with the Texas Rangers and the Houston Police Department after the fifth video was released showing a Planned Parenthood executive in that city.[44]

California Attorney General Kamala D. Harris has announced an investigation into the Center for Medical Progress' practice of undercover recording.[2]

Officials in Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, South Dakota, and Kansas have investigated and failed to find any evidence of Planned Parenthood clinics breaking any state laws concerning the collection of fetal tissues.[45] The state of Pennsylvania has also cleared Planned Parenthood of any wrongdoing.[46] In September, the Missouri Attorney General found no evidence that the state's only clinic that provides abortion services mishandled any fetal tissues. The report stated, "As a result of our investigation, the Office of the Missouri Attorney General has found no evidence that (Planned Parenthood) has engaged in unlawful disposal of fetal organs and tissue."[47]

On October 8, 2015, Representative Jason Chaffetz (R-Utah), chairman of the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, stated that the GOP investigation found no evidence of wrongdoing by Planned Parenthood.[48] A select committee, the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce Select Investigative Panel on Planned Parenthood, was formed to further investigate Planned Parenthood.[49]

On January 25, 2016, a Houston grand jury indicted Daleiden[50] and another videographer,[51] but declined to charge Planned Parenthood.[52]

Court orders

On July 31, the National Abortion Federation sued CMP and Daleiden.[33] A Los Angeles judge placed a temporary restraining order on the release of further videos of employees of StemExpress, one company which Planned Parenthood does business with, based on California's anti-wiretapping law.[53][54][55] The order also prohibited the group from disclosing names or addresses of National Abortion Federation members, or dates and locations of future meetings.[2] The restraining order has since been lifted, allowing release of more videos.[56] A hearing was held on August 27, 2015.[57]

CMP says that they follow "all applicable laws".[20] Daleiden has stated that in the suppressed video the "top leadership" of StemExpress "admitted that they sometimes get fully intact fetuses shipped to their laboratory from the abortion clinics that they work with and that could be prima facie evidence of born-alive infants".[31] StemExpress has denied Daleiden's "intact fetuses" claims:

CMP's accusations that this conversation somehow refers to "intact fetuses", which were never mentioned at any point during the entirety of the illegally recorded conversation, are false. StemExpress has never requested, received or provided to a researcher an "intact fetus". CMP and (organization head David) Daleiden's claims to the contrary are unequivocally false.[56]

StemExpress CEO Cate Dyer explained the discrepancy as a misuse of terms by CMP operatives:

As anyone can see and read, the entire discussion was, in fact, about "intact livers",... My use of the term "intact cases" is a medical term of art that refers solely to "intact livers", as there was absolutely no mention of "intact fetuses" at any point in over two hours of illegally recorded video.[58]

StemExpress has severed ties with Planned Parenthood as a result of the controversy. They stated that their business with Planned Parenthood was a small percentage of their activities.[56]

In September 2015, two courts ruled that Daleiden and the Center for Medical Progress must turn over private documents and submit to depositions about how they orchestrated their video sting, and could require Daleiden to turn over paperwork and details of the operation, and provide the full raw footage he collected while posing as an executive of the fictitious tissue procurement firm Biomax.[59] On December 4, 2015, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy ruled on an emergency appeal from the Center for Medical Progress. The CMP's appeal had asked the Justice to block the lower courts' order that would require CMP to release the names of its donors. Justice Kennedy denied the appeal.[60]

Political impact

The videos were shown to several pro-life congresspeople, including Diane Black, Trent Franks, and Tim Murphy, weeks before being made publicly available.[3][61] Black said that she was given advance screening of the videos, which "literally made [her] sick to [her] stomach" as well as "emotional and tearful", so that she would be prepared to comment on them after their release.[3]

The timing of the first video led commentators to speculate it may have been released to coincide with a bill to raise money for Susan G. Komen for the Cure, which gives funding to Planned Parenthood.[62] After the first video was released, Rand Paul and Diane Black introduced pre-prepared legislation to discontinue federal funding of Planned Parenthood.[63][64][65][66][67]

On July 14, 2015, House Speaker John Boehner ordered congressional hearings into the practice procuring fetal tissues and organs by Planned Parenthood, and at least one committee committed to scheduling a hearing.[68] Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid has said that Planned Parenthood's practices "should be looked into."[69][70]

On August 3, 2015, the legislation failed to pass in the Senate with 53 supporting discontinuing funding and 46 opposed. This was seven votes short of the 60 needed to pass the bill.[71][72][73][74]

On September 18, 2015, the U.S. House of Representatives voted 241–187 to defund Planned Parenthood for one year, allowing time to investigate alleged wrongdoing by Planned Parenthood. The vote is largely symbolic because the bill is not expected to pass in the Senate and President Obama has stated he would veto legislation to defund Planned Parenthood.[75][76][77] Furthermore, this kind of congressional vote could violate the United States Constitution, which prohibits bills of attainder, which refers to lawmakers punishing an individual or organization based on alleged infractions without a finding of guilt by a court.[68][69][70][78][79]

Presidential campaigns

Several Republican Presidential candidates repeated CMP's allegations that PPFA used tissue donation as a way to profit from abortion. Rick Perry said "The video showing a Planned Parenthood employee selling the body parts of aborted children is a disturbing reminder of the organization’s penchant for profiting off the tragedy of a destroyed human life",[21] and cited the videos as the reason why Planned Parenthood should lose federal funding.[80] Republican presidential candidate Rand Paul posted on Twitter "...a video showing Planned Parenthood’s top doctor describing how she performs late-term abortions to sell body parts for profit", vowed to campaign to defund Planned Parenthood,[64] and called for Hillary Clinton to return Planned Parenthood's donations to her campaign.[80]

Carly Fiorina said "This latest news is tragic and outrageous. This isn't about 'choice'. It's about profiting on the death of the unborn while telling women it's about empowerment".[21] During the September 16, 2015, GOP presidential candidates' debate on CNN, she harshly criticized Planned Parenthood and their involvement in fetal tissue donation,[81][82] stating "I dare Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama to watch these tapes. Watch a fully formed fetus on the table, its heart beating, its legs kicking, while someone says, 'We have to keep it alive to harvest its brain'".[83] The website PolitiFact.com, however, said the video footage Fiorina referred to was not obtained from a Planned Parenthood clinic, but was stock footage of an unrelated live fetus, obtained from the Grantham Collection, "an organization that hopes to stem abortion by promoting graphic images of the procedure". It was then added by CMP to dramatize the description by StemExpress procurement technician Holly O'Donnell. In the edited video, O'Donnell alleged that while she was working in a pathology lab at a Planned Parenthood clinic, her supervisor told her that they would procure a brain from a well preserved fetus. O'Donnell said: "I'm sitting here looking at this fetus, and its heart is beating, and I don't know what to think."[81][82][83] The New York Times reported that "while the authenticity of the videos remains a subject of debate, Mrs. Fiorina appears to have exaggerated their contents",[84] and PolitiFact.com rated Fiorina's statement "mostly false".[83]

Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, who "staunchly defended" the organization, said that the videos were "disturbing" and called for a national investigation into the sale of aborted fetal tissue.[80] The White House said it would oppose any congressional attempts to defund Planned Parenthood.[85]

Other reactions

Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal announced, on August 3, 2015, that the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals is terminating its contract with Planned Parenthood, which provides the organization with state Medicaid funds.[86] In court filings, the Justice Department argued that Louisiana's action violates federal law by denying Medicaid patients the choice of their healthcare providers.[87] Also noted, neither of the two Louisiana clinics provide abortion services.[88] The states of Alabama,[67] New Hampshire,[66] and Utah[89] also cut their respective funding to Planned Parenthood in the wake of the videos, while Pennsylvania and Wisconsin were considering similar measures.[90] The Obama administration has warned state legislators it may be illegal to cut funding to Planned Parenthood.[91]

After consulting with the university’s Bioethics Advisory Committee, Colorado State University president Tony Frank suspended the further purchase of fetal tissue for research purposes.[92]

Colorado Springs Planned Parenthood shooting

On November 27, 2015, a gunman shot and killed two civilians and a police officer during a five-hour gun battle at the Colorado Springs clinic.[93][94][95] The 57 year old gunman[96] surrendered to police and was taken into custody. During his arrest, he gave a "rambling" interview[97] in which, at one point, he said "no more baby parts",[98] an apparent reference to protests against the clinic,[99][100] echoing language used in the news media about the clinic.[101][102][103] However, authorities could not clearly identify a specific motivation.[97]

U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch called the shooting a "crime against women receiving health care services".[104] Colorado Springs Mayor John Suthers said that the shooting and standoff "certainly appears" to be an act of domestic terrorism.[105]

Vicki Saporta, president of the National Abortion Federation drew particular attention to the videos, two of which were filmed at a clinic in Denver, 75 miles north of Colorado Springs; these videos resulted in a number of threats against one doctor featured in the videos, who had to move out of her home and hire 24 hour security as a result.[106]

See also

References

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