Piperales
| Piperales | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Piper aduncum | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Piperales Bercht. & J.Presl[1] |
| Families | |
|
Aristolochiaceae | |
Piperales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but otherwise has been treated variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include black pepper, kava, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger.
Classification
APG system
In the APG III system, of 2009, this order is placed in the clade magnoliids and is circumscribed as follows:[1]
order Piperales
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The current composition and phylogeny of the Piperales.[2][3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This is an expansion from the APG system, of 1998, which used the same placement (in the magnoliids) but used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Aristolochiaceae
- family Lactoridaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
Lactoridaceae is now no longer maintained; its sole genus Lactoris is placed in Aristolochiaceae.
Earlier systems
The Cronquist system, of 1981, placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Chloranthaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archichlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Chloranthaceae
- family Lactoridaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, assigned the order to the Monochlamydeae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. It used the circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Piperaceae
References
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piperales. |
 |
Wikispecies has information related to: Piperales |
- 1 2 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
- ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
- ↑ Soltis, P. S.; D. E. Soltis (2004). "The origin and diversification of Angiosperms". American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1614–1626. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1614. PMID 21652312.