Pine beauty

Panolis flammea
Pine beauty
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Noctuidae
Genus: Panolis
Species: P. flammea
Binomial name
Panolis flammea
Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775

The pine beauty (Panolis flammea) is a moth of the family Noctuidae.[1][2] It is a common species of pine woods in Europe.The distribution area extends from the West of Catalonia over Southern France, Central Italy, Central Europe to Western Siberia, the Caucasus and Asia minor. In the north it extends to the Arctic Circle, in the south it is found on the northern Iberian Peninsula and South Italy (including Sicily and Sardinia)

Eggs
Caterpillar
Illustration from John Curtis's British Entomology Volume 5

The forewings are typically rich orange brown, but sometimes are dark grey, with two large pale stigmata and fine streaks along the termen. The hindwings are brown or blackish.

Technical description and variation

See glossary for terms used

The wingspan is 32–40 mm.Forewing orange rufous with some ochreous admixture; the veins dotted grey and white; the inner and outer lines deeper rufous, conversely edged with white, and dentate lunulate ; submarginal line pale, preceded by a dentate rufous shade; the terminal area often paler; stigmata large, irregular; the claviform with some pale and brown scales at its extremity; orbicular and reniform pale rufous with deeper centres, the orbicular flattened, its lower edge often produced along median vein as a streak and connected with reniform, which is large with the upper end angularly produced outwards; fringe mottled rufous and wnite< hindwing fuscous, often with a reddish tinge; the ab. griseovariegata Goeze has the rufous tints obscured by glaucous grey and fuscous. [3]

Biology

This moth flies at night from March to May and is attracted to light and sallow blossom.

Larva bright green with the lines broadly white edged with deep green; spiracular line edged below with yellow. It feeds on the needles of Pinus sylvestris and other pines, but sometimes on other trees (see list below), and can be a serious pest in forests. The species overwinters as a pupa.

  1. ^ The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.

Recorded food plants

See Robinson, G. S. et al.[5]

References

  1. Michael Chinery, 1986
  2. Bernard Skinner, 1984
  3. Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914
  4. C. Michael Hogan (2008) Douglas-fir: Pseudotsuga menziesii, globalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Strõmberg
  5. "Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London.".

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Panolis flammea.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Sunday, April 19, 2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.