Phalangiotarbi
Phalangiotarbi Temporal range: Early Devonian–Early Permian | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Phalangiotarbi Haase, 1890 |
Families | |
Currently 3 families, see text for details. | |
Synonyms | |
Architarbi |
Phalangiotarbi (Haase, 1890) is an extinct arachnid order first recorded from the Early Devonian of Germany and most widespread in the Upper Carboniferous coal measures of Europe and North America. The last species are known from the early Permian Rotliegendof Germany.
The affinities of phalangiotarbids are obscure, with most authors favouring affinities with Opiliones (harvestmen) and/or Acari (mites and ticks). Phalangiotarbida has been recently (2004) proposed to be sister group to (Palpigradi+Tetrapulmonata): the taxon Megoperculata sensu Shultz (1990).[1]
Nemastomoides depressus, described as a harvestman in the family Nemastomoididae, is actually a poorly preserved phalangiotarbid.[2]
Names
The order is also called Phalangiotarbida, the ending -ida originated when Petrunkevitch (1955) tried to standardize the endings of the arachnid orders, which is unnecessary and unwarranted according to the ICZN. Nevertheless, Phalangiotarbida has become the more widespread usage in the recent literature.
Architarbi Petrunkevitch, 1945 is a synonym.
Taxa included
- Family Anthracotarbidae Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
- Genus Anthracotarbus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
- Species Anthracotarbus hintoni Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
- Genus Anthracotarbus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
- Family Architarbidae Karsch, 1882
- Genus Architarbus Scudder, 1868
- Species Architarbus hoffmanni Guthörl, 1934 (Jr synonyms Opiliotarbus kliveri Waterlot, 1934; Goniotarbus sarana Guthörl, 1965)
- Species Architarbus minor Petrunkevitch, 1913
- Species Architarbus rotundatus Scudder, 1868
- Bornatarbus Rößler & Schneider, 1997
- Species Bornatarbus mayasii (Haupt in Nindel, 1955)
- Genus Devonotarbus Poschmann, Anderson & Dunlop, 2005
- Species Devonotarbus hombachensis Poschmann, Anderson & Dunlop, 2005
- Genus Discotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1913
- Species Discotarbus deplanatus Petrunkevitch, 1913
- Genus Geratarbus Scudder, 1890
- Species Geratarbus lacoei Scudder, 1890
- Species Geratarbus bohemicusPetrunkevitch, 1953
- Genus Goniotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1953
- Species Goniotarbus angulatus (Pocock, 1911)
- Species Goniotarbus tuberculatus (Pocock, 1911)
- Genus Hadrachne Melander, 1903
- Species Hadrachne horribilis Melander, 1903
- Genus Leptotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1945
- Species Leptotarbus torpedo (Pocock, 1911)
- Genus Mesotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1949
- Species Mesotarbus angustus (Pocock, 1911)
- Species Mesotarbus eggintoni (Pocock, 1911)
- Species Mesotarbus hindi (Pocock, 1911)
- Species Mesotarbus intermedius Petrunkevitch, 1949
- Species Mesotarbus peteri Dunlop & Horrocks, 1997
- Genus Metatarbus Petrunkevitch, 1913
- Species Metatarbus triangularus Petrunkevitch, 1913
- Genus Ootarbus Petrunkevitch, 1945
- Species Ootarbus pulcherPetrunkevitch, 1945
- Species Ootarbus ovatusPetrunkevitch, 1945
- Genus OrthotarbusPetrunkevitch, 1945
- Species Orthotarbus minutus (Petrunkevitch, 1913)
- Species Orthotarbus robustus Petrunkevitch, 1945
- Species Orthotarbus nyranensis Petrunkevitch, 1953
- Genus Paratarbus Petrunkevitch, 1945
- Species Paratarbus carbonarius Petrunkevitch, 1945
- Genus Phalangiotarbus Haase, 1890
- Species Phalangiotarbus subovalis (Woodward, 1872)
- Genus Pycnotarbus Darber, 1990
- Species Pycnotarbus verrucosus Darber, 1990
- Genus Triangulotarbus Patrick, 1989
- Species Triangulotarbus terrehautensisPatrick, 1989
- Genus Architarbus Scudder, 1868
- Family Heterotarbidae Petrunkevitch, 1913
- Genus Heterotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1913
- Species Heterotarbus ovatus Petrunkevitch, 1913
- Genus Heterotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1913
- Family Opiliotarbidae Petrunkevitch, 1949
- Genus Opiliotarbus Pocock, 1910
- Species Opiliotarbus elongatus (Scudder, 1890)
- Genus Opiliotarbus Pocock, 1910
- nomina dubia
- Eotarbus litoralis Kušta, 1888
- Nemastomoides depressus Petrunkevitch, 1913
Footnotes
References
- Petrunkevitch, Alexander I. (1955): Arachnida. pp. 42–162 in Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology, part P. Arthropoda 2 (R.C. Moore, ed.). Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
- Shultz, Jeffrey W. (1990): Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida. Cladistics 6: 1-38.
- Dunlop, Jason A. (1997): Palaeozoic arachnids and their significance for arachnid phylogeny. Proceedings of the 16th European Colloquium of Arachnology 65-82. - Abstract
- Pollitt, Jessica R.; Braddy, Simon J. & Dunlop, Jason A. (2004): The phylogenetic position of the extinct arachnid order Phalangiotarbida Haase, 1890, with reference to the fauna from the Writhlington Geological Nature Reserve (Somerset, UK). Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 94(3): 243-259. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000651 - PDF available on request
- Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9
Further reading
- Dunlop, Jason A. & Horrocks, Carl A. (1997): Phalangiotarbid arachnids from the Coal Measures of Lancashire, UK. Geological Magazine 134: 369-381. doi:10.1017/S0016756897007073
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