Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Chromalveolata
Phylum: Heterokontophyta
Class: Bacillariophyceae
Order: Naviculales
Family: Phaeodactylaceae
Genus: Phaeodactylum
Species: P. tricornutum
Binomial name
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
(Bohlin, 1897)

Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a diatom. It is the only species in the genus Phaeodactylum. Unlike other diatoms P. tricornutum can exist in different morphotypes (fusiform, triradiate, and oval), and changes in cell shape can be stimulated by environmental conditions.[1] This feature can be used to explore the molecular basis of cell shape control and morphogenesis. Unlike most diatoms P. tricornutum can grow in the absence of silicon, and it can survive without making silicified frustules. This provides opportunities for experimental exploration of silicon-based nanofabrication in diatoms.

Another peculiarity is that during asexual reproduction the frustules do not appear to become smaller. This allows continuous culture without need for sexual reproduction. It is not known if P. tricornutum can reproduce sexually. To date no substantial evidence has been found to support sexual reproduction in a laboratory or other setting. Although P. tricornutum can be considered to be an atypical pennate diatom it is one of the main diatom model species. A transformation protocol has been established and RNAi vectors are available.[2][3] This makes molecular genetic studies much easier.

Gene sequencing

Phaeodactylum tricornutum is one of two diatoms whose genome has been sequenced (the other being Thalassiosira pseudonana). The genome contains approximately 10% prokaryote-like genes, an unusually large proportion. Over 30000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been organized into the Diatom EST Database.[4]

Distribution

Phaeodactylum ranges from France[5] and Germany[6] in Europe to Nova Scotia in North America.[7]

Phaeodactylum tricornutum has emerged as a potential microalgal energy source. It grows rapidly and storage lipids constitute about 20-30% of its dry cell weight under standard culture conditions.[8][9] Nitrogen limitation can induce neutral lipid accumulation in P. tricornutum, indicating possible strategies for improving microalgal biodiesel production .

See also

References

  1. ↑ De Martino, A; Meichenin, A; Shi, J; Pan, KH; Bowler, C (2007). "Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae) accessions". Journal of Phycology 43: 992–1009. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00384.x.
  2. ↑ Apt, K. E.; et al. (1996). "Molecular and General Genetics Stable nuclear transformation of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum". Molecular and General Genetics 252 (5): 572–579. doi:10.1007/BF02172403. PMID 8914518.
  3. ↑ De Riso, V; Raniello, R.; Maumus, F.; Rogato, A.; Bowler, C.; Falciatore, A. (2009). "Gene silencing in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum". Nucleic Acids Res. 37 (14): e96. doi:10.1093/nar/gkp448.
  4. ↑ Maheswari, U. et al. 2005. The Diatom EST Database. Nucleic Acids Research 33: D344-D347.
  5. ↑ Rech et al. 2005. Long-term acclimation to UV radiation: effects on growth, photosynthesis and carbonic anhydrase activity in marine diatoms. Botanica Marina 48: 407-420.
  6. ↑ Toepel, J., Langner, U., and Wilhelm, C. 2005. Combination of flow cytometry and single cell absorption spectroscopy to study the phytoplankton structure and to calculate the chi a specific absorption coefficients at the taxon level. Journal of Phycology 2005: 1099-1109.
  7. ↑ Kim, K.Y., Garbary, D.J., and McLachlan, J.L. 2004. Phytoplankton dynamics in Pomquet Harbour, Nova Scotia: a lagoon in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Phycologia 43: 311-328.
  8. ↑ Chisti, Y (May–Jun 2007). "Biodiesel from microalgae.". Biotechnology advances 25 (3): 294–306. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.02.001. PMID 17350212.
  9. ↑ Yang, ZK; Niu, YF; Ma, YH; Xue, J; Zhang, MH; Yang, WD; Liu, JS; Lu, SH; Guan, Y; Li, HY (May 4, 2013). "Molecular and cellular mechanisms of neutral lipid accumulation in diatom following nitrogen deprivation.". Biotechnology for biofuels 6 (1): 67. doi:10.1186/1754-6834-6-67. PMC 3662598. PMID 23642220.

External links

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