Congress of the Republic of Peru

Coordinates: 12°02′53″S 77°01′30″W / 12.04806°S 77.02500°W / -12.04806; -77.02500

Congress of the Republic of Peru Congreso de la República
Period 2011-2016
Type
Type	Unicameral
Leadership
President of Congress	Luis Iberico,  Alliance for Progress Since July 26, 2014
1st Vice President of Congress	Natalie Condori,  Dignity and Democracy Since July 26, 2014
2nd Vice President of Congress	Mariano Portugal,  Regional Union Since July 26, 2014
3rd Vice President of Congress	Luis Galarreta,  Christian People's Party Since July 26, 2014
Structure
Seats	130 (since 2011)
Political groups	PNP (32)      FP (36)      PP (11)      AP-I (8)      APRA-I (9)      PPC-APP (7)      PSN (7)      UR (6)      Independent (1)
Elections
Last election	April 10, 2011
Next election	2016
Meeting place
Palacio Legislativo (Plaza Bolívar, Lima 01)
Website
Congress of the Republic of Peru

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The Congress of the Republic of Peru (Spanish: Congreso de la República) or the National Congress of Peru (Spanish: Congreso Nacional del Perú) is the unicameral body that assumes legislative power in Peru.

The congress consists of 130 members (congresistas), who are elected for five-year periods in office on a proportional representation basis. To be eligible, candidates must be Peruvian citizens, have passed their 25th birthday, and not have had their right to vote suspended. The last congressional election was held on April 10, 2011, concurrently with the presidential election.

Since July 26, 2014, the President of Congress is Luis Iberico, of the Alliance for Progress party.

Currently, the Peruvian congress congregates at the Palacio Legislativo, which is located in the Historical Center of Lima, across the road from Plaza Simón Bolívar and a few blocks away from Casa de Pizarro.

Historical

The first Peruvian Congress was installed in 1822 as the Constitutional Congress led by Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro. In 1829, the government installed a bicameral Congress, made up by a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies. This system was interrupted by a number of times by Constitutional Congresses that promulgated new Constitutions that lasted for a couple of years. The Deputies reunited in the Legislative Palace and the Senators went to the former Saint Inquisition of Lima until 1930, when Augusto B. Leguía was overthrown by Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro. He installed a Constitutional Congress (1931–1933) that promulgated the Constitution of 1933. By order of the president, the Peruvian Aprista Party members that were in Congress were arrested for there revolutionary doctrines against the government. When Sánchez Cerro was assassinated in 1933 by an APRA member, General Óscar R. Benavides took power and closed Congress until 1939, when Manuel Prado Ugarteche was elected President. During various dictatorships, the Congress was interrupted by coups d'état. In 1968, Juan Velasco Alvarado overthrew president Fernando Belaúnde by a coup d'état, closing again the Congress.

The 1979 Constitution was promulgated on July 12, 1979 by the Constitutional Assembly elected following 10 years of military rule and replaced the suspended 1933 Constitution. It became effective in 1980 with the re-election of deposed President Fernando Belaúnde. It limited the president to a single five-year term and established a bicameral legislature consisting of a 60-member Senate (upper house) and a 180-member Chamber of Deputies (lower house). Members of both chambers were elected for five-year terms, running concurrently with that of the president. Party-list proportional representation was used for both chambers: on a regional basis for the Senate, and using the D'Hondt method for the lower house. Members of both houses had to be Peruvian citizens, with a minimum age of 25 for deputies and 35 for senators. At the beginning of the 1990s, the bicameral congress had a low public approval rating. President Alberto Fujimori did not have the majority in both chambers, the opposition lead the Congress, imposing the power that Fujimori had as President. He made the decision of dissolving Congress by a self-coup to his government in 1992.

Following the self-coup, in which Congress was dissolved, the Democratic Constitutional Congress established a single chamber of 120 members. The CCD promulgated the 1993 Constitution in which gave more power to the President. The new unicameral Congress started working in 1995, dominated by Fujimori's Congressmen that had the majority. The Congress permits a one-year term for a Congressman to become President of Congress.

Composition of the Peruvian Congress

Peruvian Congress of 1995-2000

On July 27, 1995 a new unicameral Congress was created with the following distribution by political party:

• Change 90-New Majority (Alberto Fujimori): 67 seats
• Union for Peru (Javier Pérez de Cuéllar): 17 seats
• Peruvian Aprista Party (Mercedes Cabanillas): 8 seats
• Independent Moralizing Front (Fernando Olivera): 6 seats
• Democratic Convergence-Possible Country (Alejandro Toledo): 5 seats
• Popular Action (Raúl Diez Canseco): 4 seats
• Christian People's Party (Luis Bedoya Reyes): 3 seats
• National Renovation (Rafael Rey): 3 seats
• United Left (Agustín Haya de la Torre): 2 seats
• OBRAS (Ricardo Belmont Cassinelli): 2 seats
• FREPAP (Ezequiel Ataucusi Gamonal): 1 seat
• National Front of Workers and Peasants (Roger Cáceres Velásquez): 1 seat
• Agrarian Independent Movement (-): 1 seat

Peruvian Congress of 2000-2001

On July 27, 2000 the Congress of the Republic was established. This Congressional period was marked with various episodes of members of Congress switching their party affiliation. The following distribution marks seats by party at the end of the 2000-2001 term:

• Peru 2000 (Alberto Fujimori): 52 seats
• Peru Possible (Alejandro Toledo): 29 seats
• Independent Moralizing Front (Fernando Olivera): 9 seats
• Somos Perú: 8 seats
• Peruvian Aprista Party: 6 seats
• National Solidarity): 5 seats
• Avancemos (Federico Salas): 3 seats
• Popular Action (Víctor Andrés García Belaúnde): 3 seats
• Union for Peru (Máximo San Román: 3 seats
• FREPAP: 1 seat

Peruvian Congress of 2001-2006

On July 21, 2001 a new Congress of the Peruvian Republic was established the following is a distribution of Congress members by political party affiliation:

• Peru Possible (Alejandro Toledo): 35 seats
• Peruvian Aprista Party (Alan García): 28 seats
• National Unity (Lourdes Flores): 12 seats
• Independent Moralizing Front (Fernando Olivera): 7 seats
• Somos Perú(Alberto Andrade): 6 seats
• Other parties: 27 seats

Peruvian Congress of 2006-2011

A new Peruvian Congress of the Republic was established in July 2006 with the following distribution:

• Union for Peru (Ollanta Humala): 45 seats.
• Peruvian Aprista Party (Alan García): 36 seats.
• National Unity (Lourdes Flores): 17 seats.
• Alliance for the Future (Martha Chávez): 13 seats.
• Center Front (Valentín Paniagua): 5 seats.
• Possible Peru (Alejandro Toledo): 2 seats.
• National Restoration (Humberto Lay): 2 seats.

Peruvian Congress of 2011-2016

• Peru Wins (Ollanta Humala): 47 seats.
• Force 2011 (Keiko Fujimori): 37 seats.
• Possible Peru (Alejandro Toledo): 21 seats.
• Alliance for the Great Change (Pedro Pablo Kuczynski): 12 seats.
• Alliance National Solidarity (Luis Castañeda): 9 seats.
• Peruvian Aprista Party (Alan Garcia Perez): 4 seats.

• 

  Facade of the Palacio Legislativo.

• 

  Details of the front of the Congress.

Committees

List of Presidents of the Congress of the Republic

List of Presidents of the Senate (1980-1992)

• ¹ Ramiro Prialé died on February 25 of 1988.
• ² Jorge Lozada assumed the Presidency of the Senate after the death of Ramiro Prialé, because he was the Vice-President of the Chamber.
• ³ Felipe Osterling's presidency was interrupted when President Fujimori dissolved Congress in 1992.

List of Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (1980-1992)

• ¹ Fernando León de Vivero died on January 26 of 1990.
• ² Luis Alvarado assumed the Presidency of the Chamber after the death of Fernando León De Vivero, because he was the 1st Vice-President of the Chamber.
• ³ Roberto Ramírez del Villar presidency was interrupted when President Fujimori dissolved Congress in 1992.

Presidents of the Congress of the Republic (1995-Present)

• ¹ Luz Salgado temporarily assumed the position of President of Congress after a motion to censure President Hildebrandt.
• ² Valentìn Paniagua, was elected President of Congress and as such simultaneously served as President of the Transitional Government.
• ³ Carlos Ferrero Costa, was assigned to President of Congress by an agreement between different political parties.
• 4 Alejandro Aguinaga temporarily assumed the position of President of Congress after Javier Velásquez's nomination as President of the Council of Ministers.
• 5 Luis Iberico temporarily assumed the position of President of Congress after Freddy Otárola's nomination as Minister of Labor.

See also

• Politics of Peru
• List of legislatures by country

External links

• Official Peruvian Congress Site
• List of all Members of Congress

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