Patidar reservation agitation

Patidar reservation agitation
Native name પાટીદાર અનામત આંદોલન
Date 6 July 2015 (2015-07-06) – present
Location Gujarat, India
Also known as Patel quota stir, Patel Anamat Andolan
Type street protest, protest march, riot
Cause Seeking Other Backward Class status for the Patidar community
Organised by Several Patidar community organisations
Deaths 11[1][2]
Non-fatal injuries at least 27 citizens[3] and 203 police personnel
Property damage Several vehicles, buses and public properties damaged across Gujarat
Ahmedabad: ₹ 12 crore[4]
Rajkot: ₹ 1.47 crore[3]
Police department:₹ 200 crore[5]
Arrest(s) at least 650[6] (156 released)[7][8][9][10][11]

Starting of July 2015, the people of India's Patidar community, seeking Other Backward Class (OBC) status, held public demonstrations across the Indian state of Gujarat.[12] The largest demonstration was held in Ahmedabad on 25 August and was attended by thousands. Later, there were incidents of violence and arson across the state resulting in curfew in several cities and towns. The properties and vehicles worth crores of Rupees were damaged and destroyed. The state returned to normalcy by 28 August.[13] The agitation renewed in September despite the talks with the government[14] and again turned violent on 19 September. The government announced a scheme which offered scholarships and subsidies to general category students on 24 September.

Background

In India, the Other Backward Castes (OBC) status invokes affirmative action which provides reserved quotas in education and government jobs. In Gujarat, 27% of seats are reserved for OBC, 7.5% for Scheduled Castes and 15% for Scheduled Tribes for a total of 49.5% of all seats.[15][16] The Supreme Court has capped the maximum reservation at 50% in their 1992 judgement.[17]

In 1981, the Government of Gujarat, headed by Indian National Congress (INC) chief minister Madhavsinh Solanki, introduced the reservation for socially and economically backward castes (SEBC) based on recommendations of the Bakshi Commission. It resulted in anti-reservation agitation across the state which spilled over in riots resulting in more than one hundred deaths. Solanki resigned in 1985 but later returned to power winning 149 out of 182 assembly seats. He was supported by Kshatriya, Harijan, Adivasi and Muslims, collectively called KHAM. This caused other communities including Patidars to lose the political influence which later alienated the INC. According to estimation based on the last caste census in 1931, Patidars account for 15% of the population of the state.[18] The SEBC (later the OBC) list initially contained 81 communities which expanded to 146 communities by 2014.[12][17][19] The reserved seats were 10% in 1980s which was subsequently increased to 27% by 2014.[20]

The agitation took inspiration from the agitation by the Gujjar community in Rajasthan which ended in May 2015.[8][21][22]

Agitation

July

Patidar youth, who are also identified with their surname Patel, started public demonstrations across Gujarat starting July 2015. They were supported by Sardar Patel Sevadal, an organisation for community service. The youth seek Other Backward Class status for community to get reservation in government jobs and education.[23] The youth formed Patidar Anamat Andolan Samiti (PAAS) for the purpose headed by Hardik Patel. The organisation termed itself as an apolitical organisation.[24] The other major community organisations which are participation in the agitation include Sardar Patel Group (SPG) headed by Lalji Patel, Sardar Patel Seva Dal, Patidar Sankalan Samiti, Patidar Arakshan Samiti and Sardar Sena.[25][26] Four major Patidar organisation denied their involvement in agitation[27] though later Khodaldham Trust offered to meditate between the youth and the government.[26][28]

The agitation started from Mehsana on 6 July 2015.[29] The demonstration was held in Mansa on 22 July.[30] The demonstration in Visnagar on 23 July 2015 turned violent when some agitators torched some vehicles and vandalised office of Bharatiya Janata Party MLA, Rishikesh Patel.[7][31] The demonstrations were held in Vijapur on 28 July followed by in Mehsana.[7][32][33] The police booked 152 persons for violating prohibitory orders for holding the demonstration.[8] The demonstrations were held in Lunavada on 30 July.[34]

August

The social media helped to spread the protest quickly across the state.[35][36] The demonstrations were held in Devbhoomi Dwarka district on 1 August,[37] in Gandhinagar, Navsari, Jam Jodhpur in Jamnagar district, Himmatnagar and Bagasara in Amreli district on 3 August;[38][39][40] in Rajkot on 5 August;[41] in Amreli on 10 August 2015,[42][43] in Junagadh on 12 August;[44] in Petlad on 17 August.[45] The demonstration in Surat on 17 August drew estimated 1 lakh[31] to 4.5 lakh people. The diamond and textile markets of the city remained closed. Several schools and colleges were also closed.[46][47] The demonstrations were held in Surendranagar,[48] Bharuch, Ankleshwar and Vadodara on 21 August.[49][50] PAAS itself organised 37 rallies by 25 August.[51] In 55 days, 149 rallies were organised by various organisations across the state.[6]

25–31 August

Rally in Ahmedabad held on 25 August 2015

The major demonstration dubbed Kranti Rally was organised in Ahmedabad on 25 August at GMDC ground.[15][36][52][53] The demonstration was attended by people over half a million.[54] The members of community carried out procession and presented the memorandum of their demands to District Collector.[55] Hardik Patel who led the rally declared to go on hunger strike with some other persons demanding the Chief Minister personally be present there to receive the memorandum.[56] He was arrested as he did not have permission to stay on the ground after the rally. Later he was released. The people present on the ground were dispersed using force by police.[57][58][59] The inquiry was ordered for the reason behind use of force by police.[60] According to Anandiben Patel and Rajanikant Patel, state leaders, the police charge on the crowd had not been ordered or authorized by them.[61]

Incidents of violence and clashes were reported in Ahmedabad and other parts of the state. At least six buses[54] were torched by mob in the city including one at Bhuyangdev in Ghatlodiya and one at Krishnagar in Naroda. The police vehicles and local transport buses of AMTS and BRTS were set on fire. At least fifteen cases of clashes and arson reported. The mob vandalised shops in CTM area and the police fired eight teargas shells to disperse the mob. The buses and bus stops were attacked and vandalised. There were clashes between Rabari and Patels in Ghatlodiya were at least ten persons were injured. The large mob tried to damage railway tracks near Ranip. Large number of vehicles were damaged. The attacks on police and media personnel were reported. The curfew was imposed in the city under Section 144. Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation suffered damage of ₹ 12 crore including torching of 33 buses of local transport.[4][57][62][63][64] at least seven ward offices and civic centres were vandalized.[65] Five companies of Indian Army was deployed in the city to control the situation.[13]

In Surat, the curfew was imposed from 25 August to 27 August in the city starting Kapodara and Sarthana areas as the mob torched buses, two ATMs, van and damaged some properties.[1][46][66][67] 120 people were arrested or detained in Surat.[67][10] The violence was reported in Vadodara. National Expressway 1 was blocked by agitators for hours.[68] Total 1554 bus trips were cancelled by Vadodara division of GSRTC when six buses were damaged.[69]

In Rajkot, BRTS bus stations was torched and stones were pelted. The mob ransacked two offices of Union Minister of State for Agriculture and local MP Mohan Kundariya. The police fired 10 rounds in air and lobbed 57 shells of teargas to disperse mobs. Twelve policemen injured. The police filed 18 FIRs related to incidents. The public and private properties worth ₹ 1.47 crore was damaged in Rajkot. The curfew was imposed for 48 hours on 26 August.[1][3][70]

Curfew was also imposed in parts of Mehsana district including Mehsana, Visnagar and Unjha after a mob stoned and torched the house of minister Rajni Patel and Home minister Nitin Patel and BJP MLA Jayshree Patel. The district police lodged 25 FIRs and 13 cases in various cases of violence and rioting and 36 persons were identified. At least 22 people were arrested in the cases while three of them released on bail.[11] The vandalism was also reported from Morbi and Amreli. The curfew was also imposed in Patan for two days.[9][71][72]

3500 paramilitary forces personnel and 93 companies of the state reserve police was deployed.[65] Ten people died in the violence; five in Ahmedabad, a police constable in Surat, three in Banaskantha district, one in Patan district.[1] A youth died in police custody in Bapunagar, Ahmedabad.[73] 295 FIRs were filed across the state and 650 people were arrested in various cases.[6] The school and colleges were kept closed from 26 August to 30 August across the state. The internet service on mobile phones and certain websites like WhatsApp and Facebook on broadband were blocked for six days from 26 August to 31 August across the state. The internet block was continued in Ahmedabad and Surat.[74] According to Western Railways, the tracks were damaged at eight places by mobs resulting in cancellation of 51 trains. The operation of 26 trains were affected while 15 trains were diverted out of the state.[1] Nearly 140 buses of GSRTC, a state owned transport service, were torched by mobs across the state and 152 were damaged.[65] About 340 police cases were registered across the state including 40 cases registered in Ahmedabad. Total 230 cases of these are registered by police on behalf of the government.[75] The Police department suffered damage of ₹ 200 crore.[5]

The statewide shutdown for a day was called upon by agitators on 26 August 2015.[76] The state returned to normalcy by 28 August.[13] Hardik Patel declared intention of expansion of the agitation to the other states of India.[77][78] As Hardik Patel received support of various Jat, Kurmi and Gujjar community organizations, he declared petition campaign under which signatures of people were sent to Prime Minister.[79] A rally was organised in Karamsad and in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh on 31 August.[80][81][82]

September

The internet block was lifted in Ahmedabad and Surat on 1 September.[83] PAAS announced that they will organise a foot march on the reverse route, from Dandi to Ahmedabad, of the historical Salt March by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930.[84][85][86] The heads of 33 village nearby Dandi opposed the march.[87] The Navsari district collector denied the permission for the march.[88] The march rescheduled to 13 September[89] but the government denied permission and later PAAS called off the march. SPG and PAAS formed new outfit, Patel Navnirman Sena (PNS), for nationwide extension of the agitation on 9 September.[90][91] They agreed to hold talks with the government of Gujarat which was held on 14 September.[92] Hardik Patel met former Chief Minister Keshubhai Patel before the talks.[93] Twenty Patidar representatives led by Hardik Patel and Lalji Patel attended the talks chaired by the Chief Minister and attended by cabinet ministers. The issues discussed in talks included the police action on 25 August, scholarship schemes for general category students, compensation to people died in violence and release of arrested people.[94][95] Patidars withdrew large amount of cash from Kherol and Vadrad branches of Sabarkantha District Central Cooperative Bank of Sabarkantha district in symbolic boycott.[96][97]

Hardik Patel announced that they would organise rallies in Madhya Pradesh and Bihar in October 2015. The state legislative assembly election will be held in Bihar next month.[98][99]

Police detained Hardik Patel along with 35 of his supporters from Varachha area of Surat for trying to take out the rally, Ekta Yatra, without taking prior permission from authorities on 19 September 2015. They were booked under section 188 of IPC for defying police notification and two FIRs were filed against them. They were released on bail later.[100][101] There were some incidents of protests, arson, property damage and road blocks is several cities and towns including Ahmedabad, Surat, Rajkot, Vadodara, Morbi, Navsari, Botad, Visnagar, Mehsana and Jamnagar.[102] The mob clashed with other community in Rabari Colony area of Ahmedabad. In Surat and Morbi, two buses of GSRTC were damaged. The police used teargas shells and caning to disperse mobs in several places. The internet on mobile phones, social media and SMS service was blocked again in several parts of the state including Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Surat, Vadodara and Rajkot for 24 hours.[103] 12 companies each of the BSF and RAF was deployed to control the violence.[104][105][17][14][106][107][108]

On 19 September, police in Mehsana arrested 35 protesters and lodged a complaint against them.[109] At least 20 Patidar leaders arrested and FIR were filed against them when they hold meeting without police permission in Tenpur village of Bayad Taluka, Aravalli district on 22 September.[110][111] Hardik Patel briefly disappeared from the meeting and appeared the next day. The High Court termed the disappearance as 'publicity stunt' and warned about the contempt of the court.[112][113][12] PAAS leader Nilesh Advadiya was booked under sedition charges on 23 September.[114][115]

On 24 September, Gujarat Chief Minister announced the Mukhyamantri Yuva Swavlamban Yojna (Chief Minister's Youth Self-Reliance Scheme), a scheme which offered scholarships and subsidies to general category students in higher education; and uniforms, free books in school education. In higher education, the scheme is offered to students with minimum 90 percentile in the board examinations and to students whose parents earns less than ₹4.5 lakh per year. She also offered age relaxation of five years in government jobs.[116] The government also announced to increase intake in medical and technical education and to increase in infrastructure like hostels and coaching institutes. The scheme is expected to cost the exchequer ₹1,000 crore per year.[117][118][119][120][121] The Patidar community in US initially planned to hold large protests in New York during the visit of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi but later called off excluding some people who protested at United Nations headquarters and California.[118][119][122][123][124][125] Hardik Patel termed the scheme as "lollipop" and said it does not meet their demands. He launched "lollipop movement" under which lollipops were distributed to community members across the state.[126]

Activist Umesh Patel from Rajkot committed suicide on 26 September in support of agitation.[2][127] The state Government ordered the inquiry in the case.[128] The Sardar Patel Seva Charitable Trust, a Patidar doctors' forum from Gujarat and abroad, announced the financial help of Rs 1 crore to kin of each person died in agitation.[129] Umiya Mata Sansthan, a major organization of the community, announced their support to the agitation on 28 September.[130] Nine protestors arrested in Himatnagar for holding protest fasts on 4 September were released on bail later.[131]

October

Indian National Congress announced its support to the agitation on 1 October.[132] Hardik Patel addressed peasants and farmers at Maha Kisan Panchayat.[133] More people arrested in cases related to riots and two policemen were suspended in case of custodial death of youth on 25 August.[134] Some Patidar community members protested the presence of politicians at Garba vanues during Navratri festival in October.[135] They also protested at functions attended by politicians.[136][137] The clanking of belans (rolling pins) against thalis (steel plates) by Patidar community women as sign of protest were witnessed at many places across the state.[138]

PAAS convener Hardik Patel threatened to stage a protest at the Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium and also threatened to block the way of cricket players of the third one-day international cricket match between India and South Africa in Rajkot on 18 October 2015. More than 8000 police personnel were deployed in the city while 2500 police along with 500 private security personnel were deployed in the stadium.[139] The internet services were blocked from the night of 17 October to morning of 19 October.[140] Hardik Patel was arrested along with six others on the day.[141][142][143] There were protests against detention of Hardik in Surat and Bardoli while one GSRTC bus was set on fire in Morbi.[139] Four people were arrested from Morbi and one from Tankara for attacking the bus. There were rallies in protest of the arrests.[144][145][146]

Hardik Patel along with five other PAAS leaders were booked under Indian Penal Code Sections 121 (waging war against the government), 121A (using criminal force against the government), 124 (sedition), 153-A (promoting enmity between different communities), 120B (conspiracy) and 153-B (assertions prejudicial to national integrity) by Ahmedabad Police. Hardik Patel was also booked under sedition charges by Surat Police for telling a youth to kill policemen instead of committing suicide.[147][148][149][137] Gujarat High Court refused to quash cases of sedition against Hardik Patel on 27 October.[150]

November

Local civic elections were held across Gujarat in November 2015. Several Patidar leaders urged to vote against ruling BJP candidates and supported INC candidates.[151]

People cast their votes for six municipal corporations on 26 November, while that for 31 district panchayats, 230 taluka panchayats and 56 municipalities on 29 November. The six municipal corporations registered 45% voter turnout while for others registered over 60%.[151]

December

Results of local civil elections were declared on 2 December 2015.[151]

Reactions

Social

Some Patidar leaders and organisations criticised Hardik Patel, his tactics and his organisation PAAS.[152][6][87][153][154][155][156][157][158] More than 1000 Patels held a meeting in Edison, New Jersey in US to extend their support to agitation led by SPG.[159]

Several other communities leaders also started agitation demanding reservation in similar lines including Brahmin, Thakore, Vaishnava, Rajput, Sindhi, Kansara, Soni and Raghuvanshi communities in Gujarat.[160][161][162] Jat community of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana announced that they will start agitation in the same manner from September 2015.[51]

Other community organisation like Gujjar Vikas Parishad, Kurmi-Kshatriya Mahasabha, Anjana-Chaudhari Samaj, Rashtriya Gujjar Manch extended their support to the agitation.[51]

The leaders of the communities already having OBC status opposed the agitation.[163][164][165] OBC Ekta Manch along with Gujarat Kshatriy Thakor Sena held counter-protest attended by thousands on 23 August in Ahmedabad and Rajkot.[166][167][168][169][170] OBC Ekta Manch also requested to hold counter-protest rally. Pratikar Rally, on 19 September but the authority denied the permission citing law and order situation.[105][101]

Andhra Pradesh based outfit Agra Kula Ikya Vedika, a forum of upper castes, with representatives from Brahmins, Khatriyas, Vysya, Kammas, Reddys, Velamas and Kapu communities, met in Vijaywada on 14 September and demanded the reservation based on economic status instead of based on caste and religion. They also requested the Central government to constitute a committee headed by Supreme Court judge to study the issue.[171]

Political

The Chief Minister of Gujarat, Anandiben Patel, formed seven member panel to interact with community and submit report to the government on 11 August 2015. Nitinbhai Patel headed panel includes Ramanlal Vora, Bhupendrasinh Chudasama, Babubhai Bokhiria, Vasuben Trivedi, Nanubhai Vanani, and Rajni Patel.[23] The panel hold talks with community organisation including SPG on 17 August 2015. The PAAS did not participated in the talks.[25][31][47][172][173] The government published full length advertisement in leading Gujarati newspapers arguing legal and constitutional limitations on 21 and 23 August.[48][168] The chief minister expressed her inability to include Patidar in OBC category citing constitutional limitations and urged the agitators to negotiate which was rejected. After violence following 25 August rally at Ahmedabad, the chief minister expressed regret and ordered an inquiry. She urged for peace and order in the state.[60] The panel submitted report on 9 September and second talk was held on 14 September 2015.[174][94] She also urged to stop the agitation on 17 September 2015 so the state would not witness class conflict.[5] She again hold meeting with cabinet on 19 September when violence broke out second time on 19 September.[105] On 25 September, She announced the Mukhya Mantri Yuva Swalamban Scheme for general category students which is expected to cost the exchequer ₹ 1,000 crore per year.[117]

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi appealed for peace and resolution through dialogue on 26 August.[175]

During the Monsoon session of Gujarat Legislative Assembly starting on 26 August, the opposition party, Indian National Congress (INC), demanded the probe in police atrocity following 25 August rally. The assembly was suspended three times by the Speaker and all INC MLAs except opposition leader Shankersinh Vaghela were suspended for a day.[1] Vaghela said that the BJP must ensure that the grounds on which reservation was offered did not exist before reviewing the reservation policy.[176] Gurudas Kamat, General Secretary of Indian National Congress announced its support to the agitation and demanded nationwide reservation to 15-20% population from the economically weaker section (EWS) of society on 1 October 2015.[132]

The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and opposition INC leaders assessed impact of agitation on upcoming local body elections in 2015.[177][128]

BJP MLA of Dhari, Nalin Kotdiya and Sabarkantha MP Dipsinh Rathod declared his support to the agitation.[178][179] Nalin Kotdiya later also urged voters to vote for INC in elections in October 2015.[180] Former Chief Minister of Gujarat, Madhavsinh Solanki said that the agitation will not last long.[20] Former Chief Minister Keshubhai Patel expressed his support if the agitation is carried out in nonviolent manner.[93]

Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar expressed his solidarity as reported by some media[181][182] but later denied it.[183] Sharad Yadav advised to dismiss the demands of agitation calling it unjustified. He also told that the reason behind agitation is lack of job opportunities.[183][184] INC MP Rahul Gandhi blamed Modi government and called it repercussion of 'politics of anger'.[185] Six corporators of Padra resigned from the posts in support of agitation on 28 August.[186] Aam Aadmi Party released a statement criticizing police action on agitators and destruction of public properties by agitators.[187] Communist Party of India (Marxist) condemned violence and police action.[188] Biju Janata Dal MP Baijayant Panda said the angst of Patidar is justified due to scarcity of jobs across the nation.[189]

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh chief Mohan Bhagwat suggested to review the effectiveness of reservations.[119] RSS's national spokesperson Manmohan Vaidya said in the interview in its periodical Sadhna that he supports the reservation given to SC and ST based on historical injustice but criticised Hardik Patel for his speech and the tactics which would divide society.[190]

The Government of Gujarat passed two ordinances to postpone election of local governing bodies whose five years term ended in October-November 2015. These local governing bodies include 253 municipalities, 208 taluka panchayats, 26 district panchayats and six municipal corporations. The Gujarat High Court quashed the ordinances later.[191][192]

Judicial

Following violence on 25 August, the Gujarat High Court issued notices to police and Government of Gujarat to conduct a probe and submit a report regarding involvement of police in property damage and atrocities.[1][193] In case of custodial death of youth in Ahmedabad, the court ordered state Crime Investigation Department (CID) probe.[73] PIL seeking investigation by judicial commission in role of Patidar leaders in violence was filed in the court.[194] The High Court ordered the state government to pay ₹ 4 lakh as compensation to the kin of people died in the violence, ₹ 2 lakh to the person who suffered disability over 65% and ₹ 10,000 to person who was injured in police atrocity.[195][196] The public interest litigation was filed in the High Court which demands prohibition on blanket ban on internet services as happened in the end of August 2015.[197] Later the court upheld the decision of government in banning the internet.[14] The Gujarat High Court also ordered filing FIR in cases of excesses on part of the police on 16 September.[198][199] The court also heard cases on various Patidar leaders in October 2015.[200]

Gujarat High Court quashed the ordinances postponing local body elections citing them as unconstitutional and directed the State Election Commission to hold the elections by 25 December.[37][201]

Impact

Wikinews has related news: Gujarat quota protests turn violent

The agitation sparked the debates on reservation, caste system, caste politics, vote bank, increased cost of education and insufficient job opportunities for youth across Gujarat and India.[202][203][204][205][206][207]

The agitation impacted local civic elections held across Gujarat in November 2015.[151]

References

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  12. 1 2 3 Langa, Mahesh (27 February 2015). "Patels’ quota demand poses challenge to Anandiben". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
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  30. ↑ Dave, Kapil (22 July 2015). "Patidars want OBC status". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
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  34. ↑ TNN (31 July 2015). "Lunawada Patidars too rally for OBC reservation". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
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  204. ↑ "The good word". The Indian Express. 1 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
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