List of pastoral visits of Pope John Paul II outside Italy
During his reign, Pope John Paul II ("The Pilgrim Pope") made 104 foreign trips, more than all previous popes combined. In total he logged more than 1,167,000 km (725,000 mi). He consistently attracted large crowds on his travels, some among the largest ever assembled. While some of his trips (such as to the United States and the Israel) were to places previously visited by Paul VI (the first pope to travel widely), many others were to countries that no pope had ever previously visited. in 2004 John Paul II made his final trips this time going to France and Switzerland. In the year 2003 He was supposed to Visit Mongolia but was canceled due to poor Health problems from Parkinsons Disease. in 2005 he was supposed to visit Germany for World Youth Day 2005 for a 4th visit to Germany but, Sadly Died on April 2nd, 2005
Pope John Paul II’s World Travels:[1]
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Countries visited
Pope John Paul II visited 129[2][3] countries during his time as pope:
- Nine visits to Poland[4]
- Eight visits to France (including one visit to Réunion)
- Seven visits to the United States (including two stopovers in Alaska)
- Five visits to Mexico and Spain
- Four visits to Brazil, Portugal, and Switzerland
- Three visits to Austria, Canada, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Czech Republic (including one visit to Czechoslovakia), Dominican Republic, Germany, Guatemala, Kenya, Malta (including one stopover in Luqa,[5]) and Slovakia (including one visit to Czechoslovakia)
- Two visits to Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, El Salvador, Hungary, India, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Slovenia, South Korea, Uruguay, and Venezuela
- One visit to Albania, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao (then part of the Netherlands Antilles), Denmark, East Timor (then part of Indonesia), Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guam, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Palestinian territories, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, San Marino, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
1970s
Two of John Paul II's earliest official visits were to Mexico in January 1979 and Poland in June 1979.[6] While there he held Mass in Victory Square in Warsaw before 3 million of his countrymen.
The Pope's visit to Ireland on 29 September drew immense crowds. 1,250,000 people, one quarter of the population of the island of Ireland, one third of the population of the Republic of Ireland, attended the opening Mass of the visit in Dublin's Phoenix Park. Over 250,000 attended a Liturgy of the Word in Drogheda later that evening. Hundreds of thousands lined the streets of Dublin that night for a motorcade from Dublin Airport to the Presidential Residence in the Phoenix Park.
The following day, Sunday 30 September, included Masses in Galway (300,000), Knock (450,000) and a stop over at the monastic ruins of Clonmacnois (20,000). The final day of the visit began with a visit to the National Seminary in Maynooth (attended by 80,000). The final Mass of the visit was at Greenpark Racecourse in Limerick in the south of the country before 400,000 people which was more than had been expected.
John Paul II made his first visit to the United States in October 1979. He arrived in Boston on 1 October. The next two days were spent in New York City, where he addressed the United Nations General Assembly, spoke to students gathered at Madison Square Garden, and conducted Mass at the original Yankee Stadium[7][8] for 75,000 people[9] as well as at Shea Stadium to an audience of over 52,000.[10] He arrived in Philadelphia on 3 October and Des Moines, Iowa on the next day before arriving in Chicago. There he celebrated Mass in Grant Park, met with civic leaders and Chicago's Polish community. Chicago was the largest Catholic archdiocese in the United States at the time and the home of the largest Polish community outside of Poland.[11] He concluded his pilgrimage to the U.S. in Washington, D.C. where he became the first Pope to visit the White House. He was greeted warmly by President Jimmy Carter, and they met privately in the Oval Office.
Voyage | Date | Nations Visited | Notes |
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1 | 25 January-1 February 1979 | Dominican Republic Mexico The Bahamas |
Attended the Third General Conference of the Latin American Bishops held in Puebla |
2 | 2–10 June 1979 | Poland | |
3 | 29 September-8 October 1979 | Ireland United States |
Centenary of the Knock apparitions. Address at United Nations General Assembly |
4 | 28–30 November 1979 | Turkey | |
1980s
On 3 June 1980, he made a pilgrimage to Lisieux in northern France, the home town of St. Therese of the Child Jesus of the Holy Face.[12] In 1997 he declared St. Therese the third woman Doctor of the Church.[13] His 1980 visit to France was the first by a pope since 1814 and his journey to West Germany in November 1980 was the first since 1782.[14]
On 18 February 1981, he beatified several martyrs, including those later sainted, St. Lorenzo Ruiz and Magdalene of Nagasaki, in Manila. This was the first beatification to be held outside Vatican City. He became the first reigning pope to travel to the United Kingdom in 1982, where he met Queen Elizabeth II, the Supreme Governor of the Church of England. This trip was in danger of being cancelled due to the then current Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur), against which he spoke out during the visit. In a dramatic symbolic gesture, he knelt in prayer alongside Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie, in the See of the Church of England, Canterbury Cathedral, founded by St Augustine of Canterbury. They prayed at the site of the martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket, meant as a show of friendship between the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches. Pope John Paul II was the first Pontiff to visit Scotland. 300,000 of the Roman Catholic minority in that country celebrated Mass with the Pope at Bellahoustan Park. On this visit the Pope faced protest from Protestant Pastor Jack Glass and his followers. This visit had to be balanced for fairness with an unscheduled trip to Argentina that June.[15]
Throughout his trips, he stressed his devotion to the Virgin Mary through visits to various shrines to the Virgin Mary, notably Knock in Ireland, Fatima in Portugal, Guadalupe in Mexico, Aparecida in Brazil and Lourdes in France.
In 1984, John Paul became the first Pope to visit Puerto Rico. Stands were specially erected for him at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan, where he met with governor Carlos Romero Barceló, and at Plaza Las Americas.
The pope made a pastoral trip to Singapore in 1986, and was warmly received by the Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew in the Istana. Following that, the Pope made pastoral speeches concerning the Catholic doctrines in the National Stadium of Singapore, which was viewed by a large audience.
Voyage | Date | Nations Visited | Notes |
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5 | 2–12 May 1980 | Zaire Republic of the Congo Kenya Ghana Upper Volta Côte d'Ivoire |
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6 | 30 May-2 June 1980 | France | Pilgrimage to Lisieux |
7 | 30 June-12 July 1980 | Brazil | Brasília (30 June), Belo Horizonte (July 1), Rio de Janeiro (July 1), São Paulo (July 3), Aparecida (July 4), Porto Alegre (July 4), Curitiba (July 5), Salvador (July 6), Recife (July 7), Teresina (July 8), Belém (July 8), Fortaleza (July 9), Manaus (July 10) |
8 | 15–19 November 1980 | West Germany | |
9 | 16–27 February 1981 | Pakistan Philippines Guam Japan United States |
Beatified Lorenzo Ruiz in Manila. Includes stopovers in Karachi and Anchorage; Second visit to U.S. |
10 | 12–19 February 1982 | Nigeria Benin Gabon Equatorial Guinea |
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11 | 12–15 May 1982 | Portugal | |
12 | 28 May-2 June 1982 | United Kingdom | |
13 | 10–13 June 1982 | Brazil Argentina |
Includes stopover in Rio de Janeiro; Second visit to Brazil. Argentina was at war at the time. |
14 | 15 June 1982 | Switzerland | Addressed the 68th Session of the International Workers Conference |
15 | 29 August 1982 | San Marino | |
16 | 31 October-9 November 1982 | Spain | 400th anniversary of Teresa of Ávila |
17 | 2–10 March 1983 | Portugal Costa Rica Nicaragua Honduras Panama El Salvador Guatemala Belize Haiti |
Includes stopover in Lisbon; Second visit to Portugal |
18 | 16–23 June 1983 | Poland | Second visit |
19 | 14–15 August 1983 | France | Lourdes; Second visit to France |
20 | 10–13 September 1983 | Austria | |
21 | 2–12 May 1984 | United States South Korea Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Thailand |
Canonization of 103 martyrs in Seoul, Korea. Includes stopover in Fairbanks; Third visit to U.S.[16] |
22 | 12–17 June 1984 | Switzerland | Second visit |
23 | 9–20 September 1984 | Canada | |
24 | 10–13 October 1984 | Spain Dominican Republic Puerto Rico |
Second visit to Spain |
25 | 26 January-6 February 1985 | Ecuador Peru Venezuela Trinidad and Tobago |
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26 | 11–21 May 1985 | Netherlands Luxembourg Belgium |
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27 | 8–19 August 1985 | Togo Côte d'Ivoire Cameroon Central African Republic Zaire Kenya Morocco |
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28 | 8 September 1985 | Switzerland Liechtenstein |
Kloten; Third visit to Switzerland |
29 | 31 January-10 February 1986 | India | |
30 | 1–8 July 1986 | Colombia Saint Lucia |
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31 | 4–7 October 1986 | France | Third visit to France, including Lyon and five other cities |
32 | 18 November-1 December 1986 | Bangladesh Singapore Fiji New Zealand Australia Seychelles |
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33 | 31 March-13 April 1987 | Chile Uruguay Argentina |
Celebration of World Youth Day in Buenos Aires |
34 | 30 April-4 May 1987 | West Germany | Beatification in Cologne |
35 | 8–14 June 1987 | Poland | |
36 | 10–21 September 1987 | United States Canada |
Fourth visit to U.S.; Visited Miami, Columbia, South Carolina, New Orleans, San Antonio, Phoenix, Los Angeles, Monterey, San Francisco, Detroit,[17] and Fort Simpson, NT |
37 | 7–19 May 1988 | Uruguay Bolivia Peru Paraguay |
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38 | 23–27 June 1988 | Austria | |
39 | 10–20 September 1988 | Zimbabwe Botswana Lesotho Swaziland Mozambique |
South Africa was excluded from the itinerary because of apartheid, although the flight to Maseru Airport was redirected to Johannesburg Airport and the pope travelled overland to Lesotho.[18] |
40 | 8–11 October 1988 | France | Alsace-Lorraine; Fourth visit to France |
41 | 28 April-6 May 1989 | Madagascar Réunion Zambia Malawi |
Fifth visit to France; Réunion |
42 | 1–10 June 1989 | Norway Iceland Finland Denmark Sweden |
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43 | 19–21 August 1989 | Spain | Celebration of World Youth Day in Santiago de Compostela; Third visit to Spain |
44 | 6–10 October 1989 | South Korea Indonesia East Timor Mauritius |
44th International Eucharistic Congress of Seoul. East Timor was a province of Indonesia at the time of this visit |
1990s
The Pope's foreign travel programme for 1994 was suspended due to a fall resulting in hip-replacement surgery. Visits to Belgium, the United States, and Lebanon were cancelled as a result. The visits to Belgium and the United States took place in 1995, while the visit to Lebanon was delayed until 1997.
There was a plot to assassinate the Pope during his visit to Manila in January 1995, as part of Operation Bojinka, a mass terrorist attack that was developed by Al-Qaeda members Ramzi Yousef and Khalid Sheik Mohammed. A suicide bomber dressed as a priest and planned to use the disguise to get closer to the Pope's motorcade so that he could kill the Pope by detonating himself. Before 15 January, the day on which the men were to attack the Pope during his Philippine visit, an apartment fire brought investigators led by Aida Fariscal to Yousef's laptop computer, which had terrorist plans on it, as well as clothes and items that suggested an assassination plot. Yousef was arrested in Pakistan about a month later, but Khalid Sheik Mohammed was not arrested until 2003. During this trip to the Philippines, on 15 January 1995, the Pope offered Mass to an estimated crowd of 4–5 million in Luneta Park, Manila, the largest papal crowd ever.[19][20] On 19 September 1996, the Pope traveled to Saint-Laurent-sur-Sèvre, France to meditate and pray st the adjacent tombs of Saint Louis de Montfort and Blessed Marie Louise Trichet. On 22 March 1998, during his second visit to Nigeria, he beatified the Nigerian monk Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi.[21] In 1999, John Paul II made a final trip to the United States, this time celebrating Mass in St. Louis in the Edward Jones Dome. Over 104,000 people attended the 27 January Mass, making it the biggest indoor gathering in the United States.[22]
Voyage | Date | Nations visited | Notes |
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45 | 25 January–1 February 1990 | Cape Verde Guinea-Bissau Mali Burkina Faso Chad |
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46 | 21–22 April 1990 | Czechoslovakia | |
47 | 6–14 May 1990 | Mexico Curaçao |
Second visit to Mexico |
48 | 25–27 May 1990 | Malta | |
49 | 1–10 September 1990 | Malta Tanzania Burundi Rwanda Côte d'Ivoire |
Includes stopover in Luqa; Consecration of the Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro |
50 | 10–13 May 1991 | Portugal | Fátima, Portugal and São Miguel Island (Azores); Third visit to Portugal |
51 | 1–9 June 1991 | Poland | Fourth visit |
52 | 13–20 August 1991 | Poland Hungary |
Celebration of World Youth Day in Częstochowa; Fifth visit to Poland |
53 | 12–21 October 1991 | Brazil | Third visit; Natal (October 12), São Luís, Maranhão (October 14th), Brasília (October 14), Goiânia (October 15th), Cuiabá (October 16), Campo Grande (October 17th), Florianópolis (October 18), Vitória (October 19th), Maceió (October 19), Salvador (October 20th). |
54 | 19–26 February 1992 | Senegal The Gambia Guinea |
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55 | 4–10 June 1992 | Angola São Tomé and Príncipe |
500th anniversary of mission in Angola |
56 | 9–14 October 1992 | Dominican Republic | 4th Latin American Episcopal Conference |
57 | 3–10 February 1993 | Benin Uganda Sudan |
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58 | 25 April 1993 | Albania | |
59 | 12–17 June 1993 | Spain | 45th International Eucharistic Congress in Sevilla; Fourth visit to Spain |
60 | 9–16 August 1993 | Jamaica Mexico United States |
Third visit to Mexico. Fifth visit to U.S.; Celebration of World Youth Day in Denver[23] |
61 | 4–10 September 1993 | Lithuania Latvia Estonia |
Visit to the Hill of Crosses |
62 | 10–11 September 1994 | Croatia | 900th anniversary of the Archdiocese of Zagreb |
63 | 10–21 January 1995 | Philippines Papua New Guinea Australia Sri Lanka |
Celebration of World Youth Day 1995 in Manila; Formerly, the largest papal crowd. |
64 | 20–22 May 1995 | Czech Republic Poland |
Canonization of John Sarkander in Olomouc, Czech.; Sixth visit to Poland |
65 | 3–4 June 1995 | Belgium | Beatification of Father Damien |
66 | 30 June–3 July 1995 | Slovakia | |
67 | 14–20 September 1995 | Cameroon South Africa Kenya |
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68 | 4–9 October 1995 | United States | Sixth visit to U.S.; Visited Newark, East Rutherford, Central Park, New York City,[24] the United Nations,[25] Yonkers, and Baltimore |
69 | 5–12 February 1996 | Guatemala Nicaragua El Salvador Venezuela |
Second visit to Guatemala |
70 | 14 April 1996 | Tunisia | |
71 | 17–19 May 1996 | Slovenia | |
72 | 21–23 June 1996 | Germany | Visited Paderborn and Berlin |
73 | 6–7 September 1996 | Hungary | 1,000th anniversary of Pannonhalma Archabbey's foundation |
74 | 19–22 September 1996 | France | Sixth visit to France |
75 | 12–13 April 1997 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
76 | 25–27 April 1997 | Czech Republic | 1,000th anniversary of Adalbert of Prague's martyrdom |
77 | 10–11 May 1997 | Lebanon | |
78 | 31 May–10 June 1997 | Poland | 46th International Eucharistic Congress in Wrocław; Seventh visit to Poland |
79 | 21–24 August 1997 | France | Celebration of the 12th World Youth Day in Paris; Seventh visit to France |
80 | 2–6 October 1997 | Brazil | Fourth visit; II World Meeting of Families With the Pope at Rio de Janeiro |
81 | 21–26 January 1998 | Cuba | |
82 | 21–23 March 1998 | Nigeria | |
83 | 19 June 1998 | Austria | |
84 | 2–4 October 1998 | Croatia | Beatified Cardinal Aloysius Stepinac |
85 | 22–28 January 1999 | Mexico United States |
Fourth visit to Mexico. Seventh visit to U.S.; Visit to St. Louis for the Closing of the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops |
86 | 7–9 May 1999 | Romania | |
87 | 5–17 June 1999 | Poland | Beatification of 108 Martyrs of World War II in Warsaw; Eighth visit to Poland |
88 | 19 September 1999 | Slovenia | Beatification in Maribor |
89 | 5–9 November 1999 | India Georgia |
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2000s
In 2000, he became the first modern Catholic pope to visit Egypt, where he met with the Coptic Pope and the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria.
In May 2001, the Pontiff took a pilgrimage that would trace the steps of his co-namesake, Saint Paul, across the Mediterranean, from Greece to Syria to Malta. John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Greece in 1291 years. The visit was controversial, and the Pontiff was met with protests and snubbed by Eastern Orthodox leaders, none of whom met his arrival.
In Athens, the Pope met with Archbishop Christodoulos, the head of the Greek Orthodox Church in Greece. After a private 30 minute meeting, the two spoke publicly. Christodoulos read a list of "13 offences" of the Roman Catholic Church against the Orthodox Church since the Great Schism, including the pillaging of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204. He also bemoaned the lack of any apology from the Roman Catholic Church, saying that "until now, there has not been heard a single request for pardon" for the "maniacal crusaders of the 13th century".
The Pope responded by saying, "For the occasions past and present, when sons and daughters of the Catholic Church have sinned by action or omission against their Orthodox brothers and sisters, may the Lord grant us forgiveness", to which Christodoulos immediately applauded. John Paul also said that the sacking of Constantinople was a source of "deep regret" for Catholics.
Later, John Paul and Christodoulos met on a spot where Saint Paul had once preached to Athenian Christians. They issued a "common declaration", saying, "We shall do everything in our power, so that the Christian roots of Europe and its Christian soul may be preserved. ... We condemn all recourse to violence, proselytism and fanaticism, in the name of religion." The two leaders then said the Lord's Prayer together, breaking an Orthodox taboo against praying with Catholics.
He was the first Catholic Pope to visit and pray in an Mosque, in Damascus, Syria. He visited the Umayyad Mosque, where John the Baptist is believed to be interred.
In September 2001 amid post-September 11 concerns, he travelled to Kazakhstan, with an audience of largely Muslims, and to Armenia, to participate in the celebration of the 1700 years of Christianity in that nation.[26] The Pope's final visit was to the Marian Shrine of Lourdes in the south of France.
Voyage | Date | Nations Visited | Notes |
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90 | 24–26 February 2000 | Egypt | Great Jubilee pilgrimage to Mount Sinai |
91 | 20–26 March 2000 | Jordan Israel Palestine |
Great Jubilee pilgrimage to the Holy Land |
92 | 12–13 May 2000 | Portugal | Great Jubilee pilgrimage to the Marian shrine in Fátima; Fourth visit to Portugal |
93 | 4–9 May 2001 | Greece Syria Malta |
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94 | 23–27 June 2001 | Ukraine | |
95 | 22–27 September 2001 | Kazakhstan Armenia |
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96 | 22–26 May 2002 | Azerbaijan Bulgaria |
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97 | 23 July - 2 August 2002 | Canada Guatemala Mexico |
Celebration of the 17th World Youth Day 2002 in Toronto. Canonization of Juan Diego; Fifth visit to Mexico; Third visit to Guatemala |
98 | 16–19 August 2002 | Poland | Ninth visit |
99 | 3–4 May 2003 | Spain | Canonization in Madrid; Fifth visit to Spain |
100 | 5–9 June 2003 | Croatia | Third visit |
101 | 22 June 2003 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Beatification of Ivan Merz in Banja Luka |
102 | 11–14 September 2003 | Slovakia | |
103 | 5–6 June 2004 | Switzerland | Bern; Fourth visit to Switzerland |
104 | 14–15 August 2004 | France | Lourdes; Eighth visit to France |
See also
References
- ↑ "The Holy See: Jubilee Pilgrimages of the Holy Father". © 2005,2009 The Holy See. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
- ↑ "Viaggi Apostolici del Santo Padre Sua Santità Giovanni Paolo II Statistiche" (in Italian). Vatican News Services. 13 January 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06.
- ↑ "List of travels of Pope John Paul II". Vatican.va. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06.
- ↑ "Pope John Paul II Timeline". Christian Broadcasting Network. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06.
Aug. 16-19, 2002 -- John Paul II makes his ninth trip to Poland.
- ↑ Bonavia, Carmel G. (18 April 2010). "MaltaPost Pope Benedict XVI commemorative stamp set". The Malta Independent. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06.
Quite unexpectedly, Pope John Paul II was in Malta again for a couple of hours during a stopover at Luqa Airport while on his way to Tanzania on 1 September 1990.
- ↑ "1979: Millions cheer as the Pope comes home". BBC News. 2 June 1979. Archived from the original on 2013-06-30.
- ↑ "Holy Mass at Yankee Stadium - Homily of His Holiness Pope John Paul II". Vatican.va. Archived from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
- ↑ McShane, Larry (March 30, 2008). "Final papal visit to Yankee Stadium will pack 'em in". Daily News. Archived from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
Benedict becomes the third Pope to say Mass in the iconic ballpark, joining Pope Paul VI in 1965 and Pope John Paul II in 1979.
- ↑ Weigel, George (2005). Witness to Hope: The Biography of Pope John Paul II. Harper Perennial. p. 350. ISBN 0060732032.
On the night of his UN address, John Paul celebrated Mass for 75,000 in Yankee Stadium.
- ↑ Miner, Colin (4 April 2005). "Pontiff Made a Pair of Colorful NYC Visits". The New York Sun. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
- ↑ Davis, Robert (5 October 1979). "Pope John Paul II in Chicago". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2013-06-30.
- ↑ "Saint Therese of Lisieux - Pope John Paul II visits Lisieux, June 2, 1980". Thereseoflisieux.org. 2 June 1980. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
- ↑ "Saint Therese of Lisieux - Doctor of the Universal Church". Thereseoflisieux.org. 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
- ↑ Sullivan, Robert (2000). Pope John Paul II A Tribute. Life. p. 85. ISBN 0821226770.
- ↑ Weigell p. 435: "The hurriedly arranged papal visit became an opportunity to offer encouragement to a people suffering a bitter defeat."
- ↑ "Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony for Pope John Paul II in Fairbanks, Alaska May 2, 1984". Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06.
- ↑ Walsh, May Ann. "Blessed John Paul II's Visits to the United States". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06.
- ↑ Geldenhuys, Deon (1990). Isolated States: A Comparative Analysis. Cambridge University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-521-40268-2. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
- ↑ Folkard, Claire, ed. (2003). Guinness World Records 2003. Jim Pattison Group. p. 102. ISBN 978-1892051172.
- ↑ Macdonald, Charles J-H. (2000). Pesigan, Guillermo Mangubat, ed. Old ties and new solidarities: studies on Philippine communities. Loyola Heights, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-971-550-351-8. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ↑ Chidi (22 March 1998). "Blessed Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi". Afrikaworld.net. Archived from the original on 2013-06-30. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
- ↑ "God Bless America! Pope Bids Farewell". Eternal Word Television Network. 28 January 1999. Archived from the original on 2013-06-30. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
Lines several deep wrapped around the Trans World Dome, home of the St. Louis Rams, to enter a temporary cathedral for what is believed to be the largest indoor gathering ever in the United States.
- ↑ "Highlights of President Clinton's First Eighteen Months in the White House". WhiteHouse.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-03-17.
- ↑ McFadden, Robert D. (8 October 1995). "The Pope's Visit: The Overview; 125,000 Join Pope at Mass In Central Park 'Basilica'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2015-09-26.
- ↑ United Nations General Assembly Session 50 Verbotim Report 20. A/50/PV.20 page 2. His Holiness Pope John Paul II Holy See 5 October 1995. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
- ↑ Henneberger, Melinda (21 September 2001). "Pope to Leave for Kazakhstan and Armenia This Weekend". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2013-06-30. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
External links
- "Events in the Pontificate of John Paul II" from the Vatican WebCitation archive
- 1987 Papal visit to Fort Simpson NWT
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