Paschal troparion
The Paschal troparion or Christos anesti (Greek: Χριστὸς ἀνέστη) is the characteristic hymn for the celebration of Pascha (Easter) in the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite.
Like most troparia it is a brief stanza often used as a refrain between the verses of a Psalm, but is also used on its own. Its authorship is unknown, though it has been attributed to Romanos the Melodist. It is sung in the first plagal (or fifth) Tone. It is often chanted thrice (three times in succession).
Usage
The troparion is first sung during the Paschal Vigil at the end of the procession around the church which takes place at the beginning of Matins. When all are gathered before the church's closed front door, the clergy and faithful take turns chanting the troparion, and then it is used as a refrain to a selection of verses from Psalms 67 and 117 (this is the Septuagint numbering; the KJV numbering is 68 and 118):
Let God arise, let His enemies be scattered; let those who hate Him flee from before His face (Ps. 68:1)
As smoke vanishes, so let them vanish; as wax melts before the fire (Ps. 68:2a)
So the sinners will perish before the face of God; but let the righteous be glad (Ps. 68:2b)
This is the day which the Lord hath made, let us rejoice and be glad in it. (Ps. 118:24)
In the remainder of the Vigil it is sung after each ode of the canon, at the end of the Paschal stichera at the Aposticha, thrice at the dismissal of Matins, and at the beginning and end of the Paschal Hours. It is chanted again with the same selection of Psalm verses at the beginning of the Divine Liturgy, at the Little Entrance, during and following Communion, and at the dismissal of the Liturgy. It is then chanted again with the refrains at the beginning of Vespers, and at the dismissal of Vespers. This same pattern persists throughout Bright Week.
After Thomas Sunday (the Sunday after Pascha), it is either sung or read thrice at the beginning of most services and private prayers in place of the usual invocation of the Holy Spirit, "O Heavenly King", and at the dismissals, during the 39-day paschal afterfeast; that is, up to and including the day before the Ascension of the Lord.
Text
The troparion was originally composed in Koine Greek, but it is usually sung either in the local liturgical language, or in the vernacular where it is not the same. In recent years, the custom has developed of chanting the Paschal troparion in a number of different languages.
| Greek | Typical English Translation | Byzantine Catholic, Ruthenian Rite |
|---|---|---|
| Χριστὸς ἀνέστη ἐκ νεκρῶν, θανάτῳ θάνατον πατήσας, καὶ τοῖς ἐν τοῖς μνήμασι, ζωὴν χαρισάμενος! Transliteration: Christós anésti ek nekrón, thanáto thánaton patísas, ké tís en tís mnímasi, zoín charisámenos! | Christ is risen from the dead, Trampling down death by death, And upon those in the tombs Bestowing life! | Christ is risen from the dead! By death he trampled Death; and to those in the tombs he granted life. |
In Other Languages
In multicultural Orthodox parishes and communities, during the Paschal Vigil and during the Vespers the following afternoon, it is not uncommon for the troparion to be performed in as many languages as are represented in the parish or as the choir can manage. This is to share the universal aspect of the Paschal Troparion for all of humanity.
| Language | Translation | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|
| Albanian | Krishti u-ngjall se vdékuresh, me vdékjé vdékjén shkéli édhé te varrosurvé u fali jéten! | |
| Arabic | المسيح قام من بين الأموات ووطئ الموت بالموت ووهب الحياة للذين في القبور | Al-Masīḥu qāma min bayni 'l-amwāt, Wa-waṭiˀa 'l-mawta bi'l-mawt, Wa-wahaba 'l-ḥayāta li'l-ladhīna fī 'l-qubūr! |
| Basque | Piztu da Kristo hiletarik, Hilez garbaitu du herioa, piztuz ateratzen gaitzu gure hobietarik! | |
| Belarusian (Cyrillic orthography) | Хрыстос уваскрос зь мёртвых, Сьмерцю сьмерць зваяваў І тым, што ў магілах Жыцьцё дараваў![1] | Khrystos uvaskros z' myortvykh, S'myertsyu s'myerts' zvayavaw I tym, shto w mahilakh Zhyts'tsyo daravaw |
| Belarusian (Latin orthography) | Chrystos uvaskros ź miortvych, Śmierciu śmierć zvajavaŭ I tym, što ŭ mahiłach Zyćcio daravaŭ | Khrystos uvaskros z' myortvykh, S'myertsyu s'myerts' zvayavaw I tym, shto w mahilakh Zhyts'tsyo daravaw |
| Bulgarian | Христос възкръсна от мъртвите, като със смърт смъртта потъпка и на тия, които са в гробовете, дарува живот. | |
| Chinese | 基督已經從死裡復活， 他的死勝過死亡， 把生命賜給已埋葬在墓中的人。 | jidu yijing cong sili fuhuo, ta de si shengguo siwang, ba shengming cigei yi maizang zai muzhong de ren. |
| Church Slavonic | Христо́съ воскре́се ᾿изˈ ме́ртвыхъ, сме́ртїю сме́рть попра́въ, ᾿и су́щимъ во гробѣ́хъ живо́тъ дарова́въ. This language is not well-supported on many systems, so it may not appear as intended here. | Khristos voskrese iz mertvykh, Smertiyu smert poprav, E sushchim vo grobekh Zhivot darovav! |
| Church Slavonic Earlier version (currently only used by the Old Believers) | Хрїстосъ воскресе изъ мертвыхъ, Смертїю на смерть настѹпи, И грѡбным животъ дарова! | Khristos voskrese iz mertvykh Smertiyu na smert nastupi I grobnym zhivot darova! |
| Czech | Vstal z mrtvých Kristus, smrtí smrt překonal a jsoucím ve hrobech, život daroval! | |
| Dutch | Christus is opgestaan uit de doden, door Zijn dood vertreedt Hij de dood en schenkt het Leven aan hen in het graf! | |
| Eastern Armenian | K’ristos haryav i mereloc’. Mahvamb zmah koxeac’ yev merelyac’ kyank pargevec’av. | |
| Filipino | Si Kristo ay nabuhay mula sa mga patay, Sa pamamagitan ng kanyang kamatayan, nilupig niya ang kamatayan, At ang mga nasa himlayan Ay binigyan niya ng buhay! | |
| Finnish | Kristus nousi kuolleista, kuolemallaan kuoleman voitti ja haudoissa oleville elämän antoi. | |
| French | Le Christ est ressuscité des morts; par la mort, il a vaincu la mort; à ceux qui sont dans les tombeaux il a donné la vie! | |
| Ge'ez (Classical Ethiopic) | ክርስቶስ ፡ ተንሥአ ፡ እሙታን ፤ ሞተ ፡ ወኬዶ ፡ ለሞት ፡ ለእለ ፡ ውስተ ፡ መቃብር ፤ ወኀሀበ ፡ ሕይወት ፡ ዘለዓለም ፡ ዕረፍተ ። | Krəstos tänśʾä ʾəmutan; motä wäkedo lämot läʾəlä wəstä mäqabər; wäḫähäbä ḥəywät zäläʿaläm ʿəräftä. |
| Georgian | ქრისტე აღსდგა მკვდრეთით, სიკვდილითა სიკვდილისა დამთრგუნველი და საფლავების შინათა ცხოვრების მიმნიჭებელი! | Kriste aghsdga mkvdretit, sikvdilita sikvdilisa damtrgunveli, da saplavebis shinata tskhovrebis mimnichebeli. |
| German | Christus ist auferstanden von den Toten hat den Tod durch den Tod zertreten und denen in den Gräbern das Leben geschenkt! | |
| Hawaiian | Ua ala a'e nei 'o Kristo mai ka moe lepo, e hehi ʻana i ka make ma o kona make a; i nā mea i loko o nā ilina e manawale'a ana aku i ke ola! | |
| Hebrew | המשיח קם מבין המתים רמס מות במותו וחיים למתים נתן | |
| Hungarian | Feltámadt Krisztus halottaiból, legyőzte halállal a halált, és a sírban lévőknek életet ajándékozott! | |
| Indonesian | Kristus t'lah bangkit dari mati Dengan matinya t'lah menginjak-injak maut Dan pada mereka yang di kuburan hidup dianugerahkan! | |
| Irish | Tá Críost aiséirithe óna mhairbh, ag treascairt bás le bás agus ag bronnadh beatha orthu-siúd atá sna tuamaí! | |
| Italian | Cristo è risorto dai morti, Con la morte ha vinto la morte, E a quelli nelle tombe Ha donato la vita! | |
| Japanese | ハリストス死より復活し、 死を以て死を滅ぼし、 墓に在る者に 生命を賜へり。 | Harisutosu shi yori fukkatsu shi, shi o motte shi o horoboshi, haka ni aru mono ni inochi o tamaeri. |
| Kapampangan | Y Cristo sinubli yang mebie qng Camatayan. Qng panga'mate na menagumpe ya qng Camatayan, at bi'nie na ing bie careng Maca'cutcut. | |
| Korean | 그리스도께서 부활하셨네 죽음으로 죽음을 멸하시고 무덤에 있는 자들에게 생명을 베푸셨나이다! | Geu'ri'seu'do-gge'seo bu'hwal-ha'shyeott'ne jug'eum-eu'ro jug'eum-eul myeol-ha'shi'go mu'deom-e itt'neun ja'deul-e'ge saeng'myeong-eul be'pu-shyeott'na'i'da! |
| Latin | Christus resurrexit a mortuis, Morte mortem calcavit, Et entibus in sepulchris Vitam donavit. | |
| Latvian | Kristus no miroņiem augšāmcēlies, Nāvi ar nāvi iznīcinājis Un tiem, kas kapos, Dzīvību dāvinājis! | |
| Lithuanian | Kristus prisikėlė iš numirusių, Savo mirtimi mirtį nugalėjo, Mirusiems gyvybę dovanojo | |
| Macedonian | Христос воскресна од мртвите, со смрт смртта ја победи, и на тие во гробовите живот им подари! | Hristos voskresna od mrtvite, so smrt smrtta ja pobedi, i na tie vo grobovite život im podari! |
| Palauan | Kristus a mla mekiis ra kodall, Sirreihi a kodall loba kodall, el kirel ar ngara debull el nguu a klengar. | |
| Pingelapese | Krais isada sang mehla, kaluwehdiehr mehla pwehki ah pwoula, oh ketkiheng irail nan sousou mour. | |
| Polish | Chrystus powstał z martwych, śmiercią podeptał śmierć i będącym w grobach życie dał! | Khristoos povstaoo z martvykh, Smercioo podeptaoo smierts, E bendontsim v grobah Zhitse daoo! |
| Portuguese | Cristo ressuscitou dos mortos, pisando a morte com a morte, e dando a vida aos sepultados. | |
| Romanian | Hristos a înviat din morţi, Cu moartea pre moarte călcând, Şi celor din morminte, Viaţă dăruindu-le! | |
| Russian | Христос воскрес из мёртвых, смертью смерть попрал, и существующим в гробах, Жизнь даровал![2] | |
| Serbian | Христос васкрсе из мртвих, смрћу смрт уништи, и онима који су у гробовима, живот дарова! | Hristos vaskrse iz mrtvih, Smrću smrt uništi, i onima koji su u grobovima, život darova! |
| Slovak | Kristus slávne vstal z mŕtvych, smrťou smrť premohol a tým, čo sú v hroboch život daroval! | |
| Slovenian | Kristus je vstal od mrtvih, z vstajenjem je premagal smrt in tistim, ki so v grobovih, je daroval življenje! or, Kristus je vstal od mrtvih, z vstajenjem je premagal smrt, in dal življenje mrtvim v grobeh! | |
| Spanish | Cristo ha resucitado de los muertos, pisoteando la muerte por la muerte, y a los que están en los sepulcros dando la vida. or, Cristo ha resucitado de los muertos, por la muerte, la muerte hollando; y a los que están en las tumbas la vida dando. | |
| Turkish | Mesih ölülerden dirildi, ölüm ile ölümü tepeleyerek ve mezarda olanlara hayat bağışladı. | |
| Ukrainian | Христос воскрес із мертвих, смертю смерть подолав, і тим, що в гробах, життя дарував! | Khrystos voskres iz mertvykh, Smertiu smert podolav, I tym shcho v hrobakh Zhyttia daruvav! |
Usage in non-orthodox churches
Evangelical Lutheran church of Finland
In Finland, the Orthodox Church is a small minority church. However, the Orthodox Easter night has, for many decades, been broadcast annually on radio and television, and thus the troparion has gradually become well-known even to non-Orthodox Finns. In 1986, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, which is by far the greatest religious community in the country, decided to adopt the troparion in its renovated official hymn book, where it is hymn number 90, as an Easter hymn. It is recommended to be sung three times in succession.[3]
References
- ↑ [Nadsan 2002] а. Аляксандр Надсан. "Госпаду памолімся", Божым шляхам, Лёндан 2002.
- ↑ https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B8#.D0.9D.D0.B0_.D1.80.D1.83.D1.81.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BC_.D1.8F.D0.B7.D1.8B.D0.BA.D0.B5
- ↑ 90 Kristus nousi kuolleista / Hristos anesti (in Finnish)
External links
- Paschal troparion in Greek sung by monks from Valaam Monastery
- Paschal troparion in Church Slavonic sung by monks of Kievsko-Pecherska Lavra in Ukraine
- Paschal troparion in Polish sung by the choir of the orthodox chapel in Warsaw (Poland)
- Paschal troparion in Greek sung by nuns from St. Mary and Martha's Monastery at Święta Góra Grabarka in Poland
- Paschal Troparion