Pancratium (plant)
| Pancratium | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Pancratium maritimum | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
| Genus: | Pancratium Dill. ex L. |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Pancratium is a genus of African and Eurasian perennial, herbaceous and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae[2][3]
The flowers are large, white and fragrant. The perianth tube and the corona are present. It differs from the similar Hymenocallis in its numerous seeds with a thin black skin.[4] Plants belonging to the genus Pancratium have been found in prehistoric Cretan frescoes.[5]
The name "Pancratium" is derived from the Greek and means "all-strength", probably referring to the strength of a plant that can tolerate extreme climates. Pancratium species often inhabit extremely dry and sandy areas.[6]
Species
Many species have been published using the name Pancratium, but most have been transferred to other genera (Clinanthus Hymenocallis Ismene Proiphys Stenomesson).[1] Only a few species are cultivated. P. maritimum and P. illyricum being the hardiest for outdoor cultivation, but shy flowering in cool areas. P. zeylanicum is sometimes grown as a hothouse container plant.
As of February 2013, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepted 21 species in the genus:[1]
- Pancratium arabicum Sickenb. - Egypt incl Sinai
- Pancratium biflorum Roxb. - India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong
- Pancratium canariense Ker Gawl. - Canary Islands
- Pancratium centrale (A.Chev.) Traub - Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia, Central African Rep
- Pancratium donaldii Blatt. - India
- Pancratium foetidum Pomel - Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya
- Pancratium illyricum L. - Corsica, Sardinia, Capri
- Pancratium landesii Traub - Oman
- Pancratium longiflorum Roxb. ex Ker Gawl. - India
- Pancratium maritimum L. - Canary Islands, Mediterranean, Caucasus
- Pancratium maximum Forssk. - Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman
- Pancratium parvicoronatum Geerinck - Zaïre to Malawi
- Pancratium parvum Dalzell - India
- Pancratium sickenbergeri Asch. & Schweinf. - Egypt incl Sinai, Israel, Palestinian Territories, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia
- Pancratium st-mariae Blatt. & Hallb. - India
- Pancratium tenuifolium Hochst. ex A.Rich. - tropical + southern Africa[7]
- Pancratium tortuosum Herb. - Egypt, Eritrea, Sudan, Saudi Arabia
- Pancratium trianthum Herb. - Sahara, Sahel
- Pancratium triflorum Roxb. - India, Bangladesh
- Pancratium verecundum Aiton - Himalayas
- Pancratium zeylanicum L. - India (incl Lakshadweep), Maldives, Sri Lanka, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, Philippines, Maluku
References
- 1 2 3 Search for "Pancratium", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2013-02-13
- ↑ Stevens, P. F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae
- ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Pancratium
- ↑ Synge, P. M. (1961). Collins Guide to Bulbs. ISBN 0-00-214016-0.
- ↑ Kandeler, R.; Ullrich, W. R. (6 January 2009). "Symbolism of plants: examples from European-Mediterranean culture presented with biology and history of art: FEBRUARY: Sea-daffodil and narcissus". Journal of Experimental Botany 60 (2): 353–355. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp012. PMID 19264756.
- ↑ Walters, S. M. (1986). The European Garden Flora, Vol. 1. Pteridophyta; Gymnospermae; Angiospermae — Alismataceae to Iridaceae. ISBN 0-521-24859-0.
- ↑ Snijman, D.A. & Victor, J.E. 2004. Pancratium tenuifolium Hochst. ex A.Rich. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2014.1. Accessed on 2015/04/07
External links
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