PSR J1719-1438 b
| Exoplanet | List of exoplanets | |
|---|---|---|
| Parent star | ||
| Star | PSR J1719-1438 | |
| Constellation | Serpens | |
| Right ascension | (α) | 17h 19m 10s |
| Declination | (δ) | −14° 38′ 01″ |
| Distance | ~3900 ly (~1200 pc) | |
| Spectral type | Pulsar | |
| Mass | (m) | ~1.4 M☉ |
| Age | >12.5 Gyr | |
| Orbital elements | ||
| Semi-major axis | (a) | 0.004 AU |
| Eccentricity | (e) | < 0.06 |
| Orbital period | (P) | 0.090706293 d |
| (2.176951032 h) | ||
| Time of periastron | (T0) | 2,455,235.51652439 JD |
| Physical characteristics | ||
| Mass | (m) | ~1.02 MJ (~330 M⊕) |
| Radius | (r) | ≤0.4 RJ (≤4 R⊕) |
| Density | (ρ) | ≥23 g cm−3 |
| Discovery information | ||
| Discovery date | 25 August 2011 | |
| Discoverer(s) | Matthew Bailes et al. | |
| Discovery method | Pulsar timing | |
| Discovery site | Parkes Observatory, Australia | |
| Discovery status | Confirmed | |
| Database references | ||
| Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia | data | |
| SIMBAD | data | |
| Exoplanet Archive | data | |
| Open Exoplanet Catalogue | data | |
PSR J1719-1438 b is an extrasolar planet that was discovered on August 25, 2011 in orbit around PSR J1719-1438, a millisecond pulsar. The pulsar planet is most likely composed largely of crystalline carbon, but with a density far greater than diamond.[1][2] PSR J1719-1438 b orbits so closely to its host star, the planet's orbit would fit inside the Sun. The existence of such carbon planets had been theoretically postulated.
Observational history
PSR J1719-1438 was first observed in 2009 by a team headed by Matthew Bailes of Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia. The orbiting planet was published in the journal Science on August 25, 2011.[3] The planet was confirmed through pulsar timing, in which small modulations detected in the highly regular pulsar signature are measured and extrapolated.[4] Observatories in Britain, Hawaii, and Australia were used to confirm these observations.[1]
Host star
PSR J1719-1438 is a pulsar some 4,000 light years away from Earth in the Serpens Cauda constellation, approximately one minute from the border with Ophiuchus. The pulsar completes more than 10,000 rotations a minute. It is approximately 12 miles across, but has a mass that is 1.4 solar masses.[3]
Characteristics
PSR J1719-1438 b was, at the time of its August 25, 2011 discovery, the densest planet ever discovered, at nearly 20 times the density of Jupiter (about 23 times the density of water).[1] It is slightly more massive than Jupiter.[1] It is thought to be composed of oxygen and carbon (as opposed to hydrogen and helium, the main components of gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn).
The oxygen is most likely on the surface of the planet, with increasingly higher quantities of carbon deeper inside the planet. The intense pressure acting upon the planet suggests that the carbon is crystallized, much like diamond is.[1]
PSR J1719-1438 b orbits its host star with a period of 2.177 hours and at a distance of a little bit less than one (0.89) solar radius.[1]
See also
- WASP-12b, a carbon planet
- BPM 37093, a carbon star
- EF Eridani, a star system with a compact star and a degraded planetary-mass former star
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hirschler, Ben (25 August 2011). "Astronomers discover planet made of diamond". Reuters. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- ↑ Bailes, M.; Bates, S. D.; Bhalerao, V.; Bhat, N. D. R.; Burgay, M.; Burke-Spolaor, S.; d'Amico, N.; Johnston, S.; Keith, M. J.; et al. (2011). "Transformation of a Star into a Planet in a Millisecond Pulsar Binary" (PDF). Science 333 (6050): 1717–20. arXiv:1108.5201. Bibcode:2011Sci...333.1717B. doi:10.1126/science.1208890. PMID 21868629.
- 1 2 Redd, Nola Taylor (25 August 2011). "Surprise! Alien Planet Made of Diamond Discovered". TechMediaNetwork. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- ↑ Hachman, Mark (25 August 2011). "Scientists Discover 'Diamond Planet' Orbiting Pulsar". Ziff Davis. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
Further reading
- Bailes, M.; Bates, S. D.; Bhalerao, V.; Bhat, N. D. R.; Burgay, M.; Burke-Spolaor, S.; d'Amico, N.; Johnston, S.; Keith, M. J.; et al. (2011). "Transformation of a Star into a Planet in a Millisecond Pulsar Binary" (PDF). Science 333 (6050): 1717–20. arXiv:1108.5201. Bibcode:2011Sci...333.1717B. doi:10.1126/science.1208890. PMID 21868629.
- "A Planet made of Diamond" (Press release). Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy. August 25, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
- Correa, Alfredo A.; Bonev, Stanimir A.; Galli, Giulia (2006). "Carbon under extreme conditions: Phase boundaries and electronic properties from first-principles theory". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (5): 1204–8. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.1204C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0510489103. PMC 1345714. PMID 16432191.
| Preceded by Kepler-10b |
Most dense planet 2011 —2015 |
Succeeded by K2-22b |