PSR B1257+12 C
| Exoplanet | List of exoplanets | |
|---|---|---|
 (Based on selected hypothetical modeled compositions) | ||
| Parent star | ||
| Star | PSR B1257+12 | |
| Constellation | Virgo | |
| Right ascension | (α) | 13h 00m 01s |
| Declination | (δ) | +12° 40′ 57″ |
| Distance | 980 ly (300 pc) | |
| Spectral type | Pulsar | |
| Mass | (m) | assumed 1.4 M☉ |
| Radius | (r) | ~0.00002 R☉ |
| Age | 0.8 Gyr | |
| Orbital elements | ||
| Semi-major axis | (a) | 0.46[1] AU |
| Eccentricity | (e) | 0.0252 ± 0.0002[1] |
| Orbital period | (P) | 98.2114 ± 0.0002[1] d |
| Inclination | (i) | 47 ± 3[1][note 1]° |
| Argument of periastron |
(ω) | 108.3 ± 0.5[1]° |
| Time of periastron | (T0) | 2,449,766.5 ± 0.1[1] JD |
| Physical characteristics | ||
| Mass | (m) | 3.9 ± 0.2[1] M⊕ |
| Discovery information | ||
| Discovery date | 22 January 1992 | |
| Discoverer(s) | Aleksander Wolszczan | |
| Discovery method | Pulsar Timing | |
| Discovery site |  Poland | |
| Discovery status | Published | |
| Database references | ||
| Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia | data | |
| SIMBAD | data | |
| Exoplanet Archive | data | |
| Open Exoplanet Catalogue | data | |
PSR B1257+12 C, alternatively designated PSR B1257+12 d, also named Phobetor, is an extrasolar planet approximately 980 light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. PSR B1257+12 C was one of the first planets ever discovered outside the Solar system, and is currently the third object known to be orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12, i.e. a pulsar planet in the dead stellar system. The planet is nearly four times as massive as the Earth.
Nomenclature
The convention that arose for designating pulsars was that of using the letters PSR (Pulsating Source of Radio) followed by the pulsar's right ascension and degrees of declination. The modern convention prefixes the older numbers with a B meaning the coordinates are for the 1950.0 epoch. All new pulsars have a J indicating 2000.0 coordinates and also have declination including minutes. Pulsars that were discovered before 1993 tend to retain their B names rather than use their J names, but all pulsars have a J name that provides more precise coordinates of its location in the sky.[2]
On its discovery, the planet was designated PSR 1257+12 C and later PSR B1257+12 C. It was discovered before the convention that extrasolar planets receive designations consisting of the star's name followed by lower-case Roman letters starting from "b" was established.[3] However, it is listed under the latter convention on astronomical databases such as SIMBAD and the Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Hence the alternative designation PSR B1257+12 d.
In July 2014 the International Astronomical Union launched a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars.[4] The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names.[5] In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning name was Phobetor for this planet.[6][7] The winning name was submitted by the Planetarium Südtirol Alto Adige in Karneid, Italy. Phobetor is the deity of nightmares in Greek mythology.[8]
Notes
- ↑ The method used to determine the inclination includes a degeneracy because of the impossibility of determining whether the orbital motion is clockwise or anticlockwise. The alternate value of the inclination is 133 ± 3°.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Konacki, M.; Wolszczan, A. (2003). "Masses and Orbital Inclinations of Planets in the PSR B1257+12 System". The Astrophysical Journal 591 (2): L147–L150. arXiv:astro-ph/0305536. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591L.147K. doi:10.1086/377093.
- ↑ Lyne, Andrew G.; Graham-Smith, Francis. Pulsar Astronomy. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
- ↑ Hessman, F. V.; Dhillon, V. S.; Winget, D. E.; Schreiber, M. R.; Horne, K.; Marsh, T. R.; Guenther, E.; Schwope, A.; Heber, U. (2010). "On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets". arXiv:1012.0707 [astro-ph.SR].
- ↑ NameExoWorlds: An IAU Worldwide Contest to Name Exoplanets and their Host Stars. IAU.org. 9 July 2014
- ↑ NameExoWorlds The Process
- ↑ Final Results of NameExoWorlds Public Vote Released, International Astronomical Union, 15 December 2015.
- ↑ The Proposals page for Mu Arae, International Astronomical Union, 2016-01-03.
- ↑ NameExoWorlds The Approved Names
- Wolszczan, A.; Frail, D. (1992). "A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12". Nature 355 (6356): 145–147. Bibcode:1992Natur.355..145W. doi:10.1038/355145a0.
External links
Media related to PSR B1257+12 C at Wikimedia Commons
| Preceded by none |
Least massive exoplanet 1992 — 1994 |
Succeeded by PSR B1257+12 A |
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Coordinates: 
13h 00m 01s, +12° 40′ 57″