Pantothenate kinase

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Pantothenate kinase (EC 2.7.1.33, PanK; CoaA) is the first enzyme in the Coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway. It phosphorylates pantothenate (vitamin B₅) to form 4'-phosphopantothenate.

Types

Three distinct types of PanK has been identified - PanK-I (found in bacteria), PanK-II (mainly found in eukaryotes, but also in the Staphylococci) and PanK-III, also known as CoaX (found in bacteria). Eukaryotic PanK-II enzymes often occur as different isoforms, such as PanK1, PanK2, PanK3 and PanK4.

Genes

In humans:

PANK1, PANK2, PANK3, PANK4.

PANK2 mutation is the cause of Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, formerly called Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. This rare disease presents with profound dystonia, spasticity and is often fatal.

External links

Pantothenate kinase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
EC 2.7.1.33

Metabolism of vitamins, coenzymes, and cofactors

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamin A	Retinol binding protein

Vitamin E	Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein

Vitamin D	liver (Sterol 27-hydroxylase or CYP27A1) renal (25-Hydroxyvitamin D₃ 1-alpha-hydroxylase or CYP27B1) degradation (1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ 24-hydroxylase or CYP24A1)

Vitamin K	Vitamin K epoxide reductase

Water soluble vitamins

Thiamine (B₁)

Thiamine diphosphokinase

Niacin (B₃)

Pantothenic acid (B₅)

Pantothenate kinase

Folic acid (B₉)

Dihydropteroate synthase Dihydrofolate reductase Serine hydroxymethyltransferase

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

Vitamin B₁₂

Vitamin C

L-gulonolactone oxidase

Riboflavin (B₂)

Riboflavin kinase

Nonvitamin cofactors

Tetrahydrobiopterin

GTP cyclohydrolase I 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase Sepiapterin reductase

PCBD1 PTS QDPR

Molybdenum cofactor

Transferases: phosphorus-containing groups (EC 2.7)

2.7.1-2.7.4:
phosphotransferase/kinase
(PO₄)

2.7.1: OH acceptor	Hexo- Gluco- Fructo- Hepatic Galacto- Phosphofructo- 1 Liver Muscle Platelet 2 Riboflavin Shikimate Thymidine ADP-thymidine NAD⁺ Glycerol Pantothenate Mevalonate Pyruvate Deoxycytidine PFP Diacylglycerol Phosphoinositide 3 Class I PI 3 Class II PI 3 Sphingosine Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase

2.7.2: COOH acceptor	Phosphoglycerate Aspartate kinase

2.7.3: N acceptor	Creatine

2.7.4: PO₄ acceptor	Phosphomevalonate Adenylate Nucleoside-diphosphate Uridylate Guanylate Thiamine-diphosphate

2.7.6: diphosphotransferase
(P₂O₇)

2.7.7: nucleotidyltransferase
(PO₄-nucleoside)

Polymerase

DNA polymerase	DNA-directed DNA polymerase I II III IV V RNA-directed DNA polymerase Reverse transcriptase Telomerase DNA nucleotidylexotransferase/Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

RNA nucleotidyltransferase	RNA polymerase/DNA-directed RNA polymerase RNA polymerase I RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase III RNA polymerase IV Primase RNA-dependent RNA polymerase PNPase

Phosphorolytic
3' to 5' exoribonuclease

Nucleotidyltransferase

Guanylyltransferase

mRNA capping enzyme

Other

2.7.8: miscellaneous

Phosphatidyltransferases	CDP-diacylglycerol—glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol—inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol—choline O-phosphatidyltransferase

Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase	N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase

2.7.10-2.7.13: protein kinase
(PO₄; protein acceptor)

2.7.10: protein-tyrosine	see tyrosine kinases

2.7.11: protein-serine/threonine	see serine/threonine-specific protein kinases

2.7.12: protein-dual-specificity	see serine/threonine-specific protein kinases

2.7.13: protein-histidine	Protein-histidine pros-kinase Protein-histidine tele-kinase Histidine kinase

Proteins: enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

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