Pohang

For the district of Chongjin in North Korea, see Pohang-guyok.
Pohang
포항시
Specific city
Korean transcription(s)
 • Hangul 포항시
 • Hanja 浦項市
 • Revised Romanization Pohang-si
 • McCune-Reischauer P'ohang-si

A view of Guryongpo Beach

Emblem of Pohang

Location in South Korea
Country  South Korea
Region Yeongnam
Administrative divisions 2 gu, 19 dong, 4 eup, 10 myeon
Area
 • Total 1,127.24 km2 (435.23 sq mi)
Population (2011 Jul)
 • Total 520,305
 • Density 461.6/km2 (1,196/sq mi)
 • Dialect Gyeongsang

Pohang is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea, and a main seaport in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region. The built-up area of Pohang is located on the alluvium of the mouth of the Hyeongsan River. The city is divided into two wards (gu), Buk-gu or Northern Ward (북구/北區) and Nam-gu or Southern Ward (남구/南區).

This city has the largest population of North Gyeongsang Province and it has the 3rd largest land area of any city (si) in South Korea.[1]

History

The earliest evidence of human occupation in the Pohang area is from the Mumun Pottery Period (1500–300 BC). Archaeologists have unearthed small villages and megalithic burials (dolmen) from this period. Still a small fishing village at the dawn of the 20th century, the earliest steps toward developing Pohang into a place of greater significance were taken in 1930 with the construction of a modern harbour. Pohang grew rapidly afterward, attaining the designation of town (eup) in 1931 and then earning the status of city (si) in 1949.[2]

Pohang's road arteries and shipping port made it a place of strategic significance during the Korean War. An unopposed landing of UN forces at Pohang on July 18, 1950 was the first large-scale amphibious operation since World War II, and the region around Pohang saw fierce clashes between South Korea's 3rd Infantry Division and North Korea's 5th Infantry Division during August–September 1950.[3]

By the 1960s, Pohang was a small coastal city with a population of 50,000.[4] The next major development in Pohang's growth came in 1968 with the inauguration of the steel maker POSCO, and the local plant's commencement of production in 1972. The introduction of heavy industry to the city brought the local economy to a blend of iron, steel, shipbuilding and fisheries through the end of the 20th century.[2]

The early 21st century and the age of globalization has brought new economic challenges to companies such as POSCO, giving rise to beliefs that Pohang would be wise to not be overly reliant on heavy industry to maintain its prosperity.[5] In response, the Pohang of today presents itself as having an eye to the future, striving to become a diversified city of environmentalism and advanced learning, as well as a centre of arts and culture.[6]

During the Silla Dynasty the area was made up of four hyeon, Toehwa-hyeon (퇴화현/退火縣), Jidap-hyeon (지답현/只沓縣), Geunoji-hyeon (근오지현/斤烏支縣), Haea-hyeon (해아현/海阿縣). Then during the Goryeo Dynasty these four were renamed to Heunghae-gun (흥해군/興海郡), Janggi-hyeon (장기현/長鬐縣), Yeongil-hyeon (영일현/迎日縣), Cheongha-hyeon (청하현/淸河縣) respectively.

On 4 August 1896, the three remaining hyeon, which at that time were Janggi, Yeonil (연일/延日; originally Yeongil) and Cheongha were reassigned as counties or gun as part of the change to the 13-province division of the Korean Empire.

On 1 March 1914, the four counties were unified as one Yeongil-gun (영일군/迎日郡), which was subdivided into 18 myeons.

On 1 April 1931, Pohang-myeon (포항면/浦項面) was designated as an eup, thus giving Yeongil-gun 1 eup and 17 myeon.

On 1 April 1934, Jukbuk-myeon (죽북면/竹北面) and Juknam-myeon (죽남면/竹南面) were united to make Jukjang-myeon (죽장면/竹長面), while Janggi-myeon (장기면/長鬐面) and Bongsan-myeon (봉산면/峰山面) united to make Jihaeng-myeon (지행면/只杏面), so that there were 1 eup and 15 myeon.

On 1 October 1938, Hyeongsan-myeon (형산면/兄山面) was incorporated into Pohang-eup, leaving Yeongil-gun with 1 eup and 14 myeon.

On 1 October 1942 Changju-myeon (창주면/滄洲面) was renamed and reclassified as Guryongpo-eup (구룡포읍/九龍浦邑), leaving 2 eup and 13 myeon.

On 15 August 1949, Pohang-eup was designated as Pohang-si (포항시/浦項市), leaving Yeongil with 1 si, 1 eup, 13 myeon and 1 local office.

On 8 July 1956, Heunghae-myeon (흥해면/興海面) and Gokgang-myeon (곡강면/曲江面) are incorporated into Uichang-myeon (의창면/義昌面) leaving 1 si, 1 eup and 12 myeon.

On 29 October 1957, Daljeon-myeon (달전면/達田面) is abolished and incorporated into Heunghae-myeon and Yeonil-myeon (연일면/延日面) leaving 1 si, 1 eup and 11 myeons.

On 1 March 1967, the Gibuk Local Office (기북출장소/杞北出張所) of Gigye-myeon (기계면/杞溪面) is established.

On 1 July 1973, Uichang-myeon is designated as Uichang-eup (의창읍/義昌邑) leaving 1 si, 2 eup, 10 myeon and 3 local offices.

On 1 December 1980, Yeonil-myeon and Ocheon-myeon (오천면/烏川面) are both designated as eup leaving 1 si, 4 eup, 8 myeon and 3 local offices.

On 1 September 1982, Haedo-dong (해도동/海島洞) and Sangdae-dong (상대동/上大洞) are separated into Haedo 1 and 2-dong and Sangdae 1 and 2-dong respectively.

On 1 April 1986, Daebo Local Office (대보출장소/大甫出張所) and Gibuk Local Office are designated as myeon leaving 1 si, 4 eup, 10 myeon and 1 local office.

On 1 January 1995, a united Pohang-si absorbs all of Yeongil-gun, composed of 1 si, 2 gu, 4 eup, 10 myeon, 25 dong and 1 local office.

On 1 September 1998, the unification of Gwaso-dong left Pohang with 1 si, 2 gu, 4 eup, 10 myeon, 19 dong and 1 local office.

Geography and climate

The mean temperature in the coldest month, January, is relatively mild at 1.8 °C. The warmest month is August, when the mean temperature is 25.7 °C.[7] On average, Pohang receives 1,152 mm of precipitation per year. The driest month is December, when the city receives a scant 25.7 mm of precipitation on average. However, the mean amount of precipitation for the wettest month, August, is 227.4 mm.[8]

Climate data for Pohang (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 6.5
(43.7)		 8.6
(47.5)		 12.7
(54.9)		 18.9
(66)		 23.2
(73.8)		 25.5
(77.9)		 28.7
(83.7)		 29.4
(84.9)		 25.3
(77.5)		 21.4
(70.5)		 15.2
(59.4)		 9.2
(48.6)		 18.7
(65.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.8
(35.2)		 3.8
(38.8)		 7.9
(46.2)		 13.8
(56.8)		 18.2
(64.8)		 21.4
(70.5)		 24.9
(76.8)		 25.7
(78.3)		 21.6
(70.9)		 16.6
(61.9)		 10.3
(50.5)		 4.4
(39.9)		 14.2
(57.6)
Average low °C (°F) −2.0
(28.4)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 3.7
(38.7)		 9.2
(48.6)		 13.8
(56.8)		 17.9
(64.2)		 22.0
(71.6)		 22.9
(73.2)		 18.4
(65.1)		 12.5
(54.5)		 6.1
(43)		 0.4
(32.7)		 10.4
(50.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 36.5
(1.437)		 40.8
(1.606)		 60.9
(2.398)		 68.9
(2.713)		 85.2
(3.354)		 141.6
(5.575)		 203.2
(8)		 227.4
(8.953)		 177.1
(6.972)		 43.7
(1.72)		 41.1
(1.618)		 25.7
(1.012)		 1,152
(45.354)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 5.4 6.2 8.7 8.0 8.8 9.7 13.4 12.6 10.9 6.6 5.7 4.3 100.3
Average relative humidity (%) 49.1 51.8 57.0 57.9 64.6 73.9 78.7 78.8 75.9 65.5 57.6 51.0 63.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 188.7 176.4 189.9 214.0 223.9 183.7 161.1 170.3 154.5 193.7 182.8 190.4 2,229.6
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[9]

Administrative Organization

Head office: 1 head office, 4 office, 6 team, 25 department

Executive office: 1 office 7 experts

Direct organizations: three centers and six departments

Business offices: 11 offices and 7 departments

Nam-gu and Buk-gu office: 12 departments Eup,Myeon and Dong: 4 Eup, 10 Myeon and 15 Dong

(The number of public officials: 1,960)

Culture & Arts Center

Municipal library

Municipal art gallery

Agricultural product wholesale market management office

Women's culture center

Park management office

Vehicle Registration Office

Transportation

The city is served by several trains a day from Seoul and Daegu. Pohang is the terminus for a number of ferry routes serving the adjacent East Sea, including the main tourist route for Ulleung Island and Liancourt Rocks. It is also the northern terminus of the Donghae Nambu Line south to Busan.

Pohang is the home of POSCO (the Pohang Steel Company), one of the largest steel producers in the world, and a host of related industries. As a result, the port shipped a total of 54.8 million tons in 2006.[10]

Several flights per day to Seoul Gimpo Airport are available at Pohang Airport.

Local transportation is served by only city buses. They run about 20 different ways of the city and some of them reach to the mountain folk. Also, the buses are classified into 2 kinds – one is Ilban-bus(normal bus) and the other is Jwaseok-bus(full of seats and a little more expensive than Ilban-bus). They run 15~25 minutes intervals along their own way. The bus routes are listed in both Korean and English but the Korean version is interactive, and thusly more helpful.

There are two main bus terminals - Shiwae (시외) and Gosok (고속) which roughly translate into intercity/city and express. The Shiwae bus terminal (시외버스터미널) also acts as the cross-country bus terminal from which you can easily travel to nearby metropolitan cities such as Daegu and Busan (~1.5 hrs each depending on traffic). Their website is only in Korean and only accessible in Internet Explorer. The Gosok bus terminal (고속버스터미널) website is in both English and Korean. From Gosok bus terminal one can travel to Seoul, Gwangju, Seosan, Masan, and Daejeon.

Pohang is also serviced by two train stations - Pohang station (포항역) and Hyoja station (효자역). Pohang station is only a 5-minute walk from Jukdo Market. Times and destinations are available on the Korail website which is in English and Korean.

If you want to take the KTX, until 2015 you had to go to the Singyeongju Station (신경주역). But since 2015, you can take the KTX at Pohang Station (포항역).

Education

Universities with graduate schools

Other institutes of higher education

Culture

Thousands flock to see the fireworks festival at Bukbu Beach each summer. People travel from all over the country to watch the show. The Culture & Arts Center, opened in 1995, holds performances and exhibitions in its various galleries and theaters. Pohang is known for gwamegi and holds an annual Gwamegi Festival.

Night view of Pohang

Sport

The city is home to the Pohang Steelers in K League Classic

Points of interest

The Jukdo Market is a large, bustling traditional market near the centre of the city, close to the port. It is well known throughout Korea as an important seafood market. There are a large number of raw-fish restaurants in the market. The fish is cheaper than Seoul or Daegu.

Bukbu Beach is located in Duho-dong in the northern part of the city's built-up area. The beach front has been the focus of commercial developments such as bars, restaurants, and budget accommodations called Yeogwan. A number of beaches on the East Sea can be found just north of the built-up area, including Chilpo and Wolpo.

Homigot, a point of land jutting out into the East Sea, is located to the east of urban Pohang in Daebo-myeon. Homigot is one of the easternmost points on the Korean peninsula and as such serves every year as a gathering place for thousands to greet Korea's first sunrise of the New Year. The beach is also home to the famous Hands of Harmony sculpture.

Bogyeongsa is a major Buddhist temple nestled in a steep green valley at the foot of Mount Naeyeon (710 m) in Songna-myeon, an area in the extreme northern part of Pohang. Yeonsan Waterfall is located nearby in the same mountain valley. There are hiking trails leading from the temple up into the mountains. Bogyeongsa also has a number of mountain hermitages in the vicinity.

Oeosa is a temple located in the extreme southern part of Pohang, just inside the mountains south of the coastal plain formed by the Naengcheon River. It is located at the foot of Mt. Unjae (481 m) in a steep valley in Daesong-myeon. Signs placed in and around Oeosa claim that the temple was founded by Wonhyo, the well-travelled Silla monk.

Notable people

Shopping

The main downtown shopping area is between Yukgeori (육거리) and Ogeori (오거리) which translate to 6-way intersection and 5-way intersection. The streamlet boardwalk shopping area opens and ends with Pohang Station and Yukgeori, respectively. This shopping area has several stores, restaurants, and a few bars including Converse, Shoemarker, Skin Food, ABC Mart, Redface, The North Face, a cinema, Starbucks, Mr. Pizza, Whistler Bar, Beethoven Bar, Mindy's Bar, etc.

Groceries

Pohang has a few major grocer stores including two Home Plus locations, two GS Supermarkets, and two E-marts. One Home Plus is by the Shiwae bus terminal and the other is closer to Jukdo Market. Jukdo market is an open market where you can purchase clothes, fish, produce, and a plethora of items. The one GS supermarket is in Jukdo-dong whereas the other is in Duho-dong. E-marts are located in I-dong and in Indeok-dong.

Administrative districts

Sister cities

Pohang is a sister city of the following cities around the world.

Friendly co-operative cities

Pohang is a friendly co-operative city of the following cities around the world.

See also

References

  1. ↑ First is Andong, and 2nd is Gyeongju.
  2. 1 2 WPS - Port of Pohang contact information. Worldportsource.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
  3. ↑
  4. ↑ KASTN. Cs.virginia.edu (1996-02-01). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
  5. ↑ http://esri.handong.edu/korean/download.php?id=209&sid=8e8361e216e22553cc306b08f4598736
  6. ↑ Archived September 1, 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ 평년값자료(30년) > 국내기후자료 > 기후자료 > 날씨 > 기상청. Kma.go.kr. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
  8. ↑ 평년값자료(30년) > 국내기후자료 > 기후자료 > 날씨 > 기상청. Kma.go.kr. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
  9. ↑ "평년값자료(1981–2010) 포항(138)". Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2011-05-23.
  10. ↑ Archived May 1, 2009 at the Wayback Machine

External links

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Coordinates: 36°01′56″N 129°21′54″E / 36.03222°N 129.36500°E / 36.03222; 129.36500

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